MyMedR

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a coronavirus-induced illness attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, is thought to have first emerged on November 17, 2019. According to World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 has been linked to 379,223,560 documented occurrences and 5,693,245 fatalities globally as of 1st Feb 2022. Influenza A virus that has also been discovered diarrhea and gastrointestinal discomfort was found in the infected person, highlighting the need of monitoring them for gastro intestinal tract (GIT) symptoms regardless of whether the sickness is respiration related. The majority of the microbiome in the intestines is Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, while Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes are found in the lungs. Although most people overcome SARS-CoV-2 infections, many people continue to have symptoms months after the original sickness, called Long-COVID or Post COVID. The term "post-COVID-19 symptoms" refers to those that occur with or after COVID-19 and last for more than 12 weeks (long-COVID-19). The possible understanding of biological components such as inflammatory, immunological, metabolic activity biomarkers in peripheral blood is needed to evaluate the study. Therefore, this article aims to review the informative data that supports the idea underlying the disruption mechanisms of the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute COVID-19 or post-COVID-mediated elevation of severity biomarkers.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Diseases*

Abstracts of Gastroenterology in Asia Pacific - Excellence in the New Decade. September 19-22, 2010. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2010 Sep;25 Suppl 2:A1-188.

PMID: 21182654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06462.x

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Diseases*

GUT 2004. Abstracts of the annual meeting of the Malaysian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 24-27 June 2004

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Jun;59 Suppl C:1-107.

PMID: 15641189

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Diseases*

GASTRO 2001 annual scientific meeting. 5-8 April 2001. Abstracts

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Apr;56 Suppl A:1-133.

PMID: 11469230

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Diseases*

24th Seah Cheng Siang Lecture: Seeing better, doing better--evolution and application of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy

Goh KL

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2015 Jan;44(1):34-9.

PMID: 25703498

Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has evolved tremendously from the early days when candlelight was used to illuminate scopes to the extent that it has now become an integral part of the practice of modern gastroenterology. The first gastroscope was a rigid scope first introduced by Adolf Kussmaul in 1868. However this scope suffered from the 2 drawbacks of poor illumination and high risk of instrumental perforation. Rudolf Schindler improved on this by inventing the semiflexible gastroscope in 1932. But it was Basil Hirschowitz, using the principle of light conduction in fibreoptics, who allowed us to "see well" for the first time when he invented the flexible gastroscopy in 1958. With amazing speed and innovation, instrument companies, chiefly Japanese, had improved on the Hirschowitz gastroscope and invented a flexible colonoscope. Walter McCune introduced the technique of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in 1968 which has now evolved into a sophisticated procedure. The advent of the digital age in the 1980s saw the invention of the videoendoscope. Videoendoscopes have allowed us to start seeing the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) "better" with high magnification and resolution and optical/digital enhancements. Fusing confocal and light microscopy with endoscopy has allowed us to perform an "optical biopsy" of the GI mucosa. Development of endoscopic ultrasonography has allowed us to see "beyond" the GIT lumen. Seeing better has allowed us to do better. Endoscopists have ventured into newer procedures such as the resection of mucosal and submucosal tumours and the field of therapeutic GI endoscopy sees no end in sight.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis; Gastrointestinal Diseases/surgery

Fulltext Helicobacter pylori Infection and Related Gastrointestinal Diseases in Southeast Asian Countries: An Expert Opinion Survey

Quach DT, Vilaichone RK, Vu KV, Yamaoka Y, Sugano K, Mahachai V

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2018 Dec 25;19(12):3565-3569.

PMID: 30583684

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is currently considered as an infectious disease irrespective of symptoms and stage of disease. This study aimed to survey the impact of H. pylori infection and the current management approaches in Southeast Asian countries.
Materials and methods: This is a survey among 26 experts from 9 Southeast Asian countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam), who attended a meeting to develop the ASEAN consensus on H. pylori management in November 2015.
Results: The prevalence of H. pylori varied signiﬁcantly from 20% to 69% among countries, highest in Myanmar and lowest in Malaysia. The rate of H. pylori infection in patients with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer (GC) also varied signiﬁcantly, not only among countries but also among regions within the same country. The most common method for H. pylori diagnosis before treatment was rapid urease test, followed by urea breath test. In multi-ethnic countries, some ethnic groups including Chinese, Batak and Minahasanese were considered as having higher risk of GC. There have been no national screening programs for GC in all countries, and a majority of patients with GC were diagnosed in advanced stages with very poor 5-year survival.
Conclusions: The prevalence of H. pylori infection and its infection rates in related gastrointestinal diseases were significantly different among Southeast Asian countries. The prognosis of patients with GC in the region was very poor. The result of this survey is a platform for future international and regional research collaboration.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology*; Gastrointestinal Diseases/microbiology*

Familial Behçet's syndrome with intestinal involvement--case reports and a review of the literature

Chong VF, Pathmanathan R

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1993 Sep;22(5):807-10.

PMID: 8267366

Behçet's syndrome is a rare multisystem disorder. The occurrence in families although well recognised is uncommon. The mode of inheritance, however, has not been elucidated. Sixty-one cases of familial disease have been documented to date. There was only one previous report on familial Behçet's syndrome with gastrointestinal involvement. This paper reports two cases of Behçet's syndrome with gastrointestinal involvement in a Malaysian woman of Chinese ethnic origin and her child. The mother satisfied three major criteria (oral ulcers, genital ulcers and erythema nodosum) and one minor criterion (gastrointestinal involvement). Her son satisfied two major criteria (oral and genital ulcers) and three minor criteria (intestinal involvement, central nervous manifestation and a positive family history). The radiological and pathological features of the gastrointestinal lesions in both patients resembled those of Crohn's disease. The literature on Behçet's syndrome is reviewed.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications; Gastrointestinal Diseases/genetics*

Abstracts of the Asian Pacific Monothematic Meeting on Helicobacter Pylori 2012. January 13-15, 2012. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2012 Jan;27 Suppl 1:1-36.

PMID: 22216459

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Diseases/microbiology*

Quality of Life--Asian perspective--a personal view

Chelvam P

Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl., 1993;199:16-7.

PMID: 8171292

There is a need to define Quality of Life and to develop a practical method to measure objectively this aspect in gastrointestinal diseases. This has not been performed in any Asian population. It is proposed that this evaluation be part of future trials in Asia on the basis that Asian patients are culturally, socially and politically different from Westerners.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Diseases/therapy

The prevalence and distribution of gastrointestinal parasites of stray and refuge dogs in four locations in India

Traub RJ, Pednekar RP, Cuttell L, Porter RB, Abd Megat Rani PA, Gatne ML

Vet Parasitol, 2014 Sep 15;205(1-2):233-8.

PMID: 25139393 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.06.037

A gastrointestinal parasite survey of 411 stray and refuge dogs sampled from four geographical and climactically distinct locations in India revealed these animals to represent a significant source of environmental contamination for parasites that pose a zoonotic risk to the public. Hookworms were the most commonly identified parasite in dogs in Sikkim (71.3%), Mumbai (48.8%) and Delhi (39.1%). In Ladakh, which experiences harsh extremes in climate, a competitive advantage was observed for parasites such as Sarcocystis spp. (44.2%), Taenia hydatigena (30.3%) and Echinococcus granulosus (2.3%) that utilise intermediate hosts for the completion of their life cycle. PCR identified Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Ancylostoma caninum to occur sympatrically, either as single or mixed infections in Sikkim (Northeast) and Mumbai (West). In Delhi, A. caninum was the only species identified in dogs, probably owing to its ability to evade unfavourable climatic conditions by undergoing arrested development in host tissue. The expansion of the known distribution of A. ceylanicum to the west, as far as Mumbai, justifies the renewed interest in this emerging zoonosis and advocates for its surveillance in future human parasite surveys. Of interest was the absence of Trichuris vulpis in dogs, in support of previous canine surveys in India. This study advocates the continuation of birth control programmes in stray dogs that will undoubtedly have spill-over effects on reducing the levels of environmental contamination with parasite stages. In particular, owners of pet animals exposed to these environments must be extra vigilant in ensuring their animals are regularly dewormed and maintaining strict standards of household and personal hygiene.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology; Gastrointestinal Diseases/parasitology; Gastrointestinal Diseases/veterinary*

Gastrointestinal parasites in rural dogs and cats in Selangor and Pahang states in Peninsular Malaysia

Ngui R, Lee SC, Yap NJ, Tan TK, Aidil RM, Chua KH, et al.

Acta Parasitol, 2014 Oct;59(4):737-44.

PMID: 25236287 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-014-0306-3

To estimate the current prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in dogs and cats, a total of 105 fresh faecal samples were collected from rural areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Each faecal sample was examined for the presence of GI parasites by microscopic examination after formalin-ether concentration technique and for protozoa, trichrome and Ziehl-Neelsen staining were employed. The overall prevalence of GI parasitic infection was 88.6% (95% CI = 82.5-94.7) in which 88.3% of dogs and 89.3% of cats were infected with at least one parasites species, respectively. There were 14 different GI parasites species (nematodes, cestodes and protozoa) detected, including Ancylostoma spp. (62.9%), Toxocara spp. (32.4%), Trichuris vulpis (21.0%), Spirometra spp. (9.5%), Toxascaris leonina (5.7%), Dipylidium caninum (4.8%), Ascaris spp. (2.9%), Hymenolepis diminuta (1.0%) and others. General prevalence of GI parasites showed a significant difference between helminth (84.4%) and protozoa (34.3%) infections. Monoparasitism (38.1%) was less frequent than polyparasitism (46.7%). As several of these GI parasites are recognized as zoonotic agents, the results of this investigation revealed that local populations may be exposed to a broad spectrum of zoonotic agents by means of environmental contamination with dogs and cats faeces and this information should be used to mitigate public health risks. Prevention and control measures have to be taken in order to reduce the prevalence rates especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities where animals live in close proximity to people, poor levels of hygiene and overcrowding together with a lack in veterinary attention and zoonotic awareness.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology; Gastrointestinal Diseases/parasitology; Gastrointestinal Diseases/veterinary*

New species of Bakeria (Nematoda; Strongylida; Molineidae), new species of Falcaustra (Nematoda; Ascaridida; Kathlaniidae) and other helminths in Cnemaspis mcguirei (Sauria; Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia

Bursey CR, Goldberg SR, Grismer LL

Acta Parasitol, 2014 Oct;59(4):643-52.

PMID: 25236275 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-014-0299-y

Two new nematode species, Bakeria schadi sp. nov. and Falcaustra malaysiaia sp. nov. from the gastrointestinal tract of McGuire's rock gecko, Cnemaspis mcguirei (Sauria: Gekkonidae) collected in Peninsular Malaysia are described. The two species now assigned to Bakeria are separated on the bases of male bursa type and location of the excretory pore: type II in B. schadi sp. nov. and type I in B. bakeri; location of excretory pore, anterior to nerve ring in B. schadi sp. nov. and posterior to nerve ring in B. bakeri. Falcaustra malaysiaia sp. nov. is most similar to F. chabaudi, F. concinnae, F. condorcanquii, F. barbi, F. dubia, and F. tchadi in that these 7 species possess 1 pseudosucker, 1 median papilla plus 10 pairs caudal papillae, and spicules with lengths between 1 and 2 mm. F. barbi and F. tchadi lack adcloacal papillae; the remaining 5 species possess 1 pair of adcloacal papillae. Falcaustra chabaudi is known from Nearctic salamanders; F. concinnae from Nearctic turtles; F. condorcanquii from Neotropical frogs, F. dubia from Oriental frogs, and F. malaysiaia sp. nov. from Oriental geckos. Two additional species of Nematoda were found, Cosmocerca ornata and Meteterakis singaporensis. Cnemaspis mcguirei represents a new host record for Cosmocerca ornata and Meteterakis singaporensis.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology; Gastrointestinal Diseases/parasitology; Gastrointestinal Diseases/veterinary

Fulltext Low prevalence of infantile functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in a multi-ethnic Asian population

Chew KS, Em JM, Koay ZL, Jalaludin MY, Ng RT, Lum LCS, et al.

Pediatr Neonatol, 2021 01;62(1):49-54.

PMID: 32891528 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2020.08.009

BACKGROUND: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common in children. The prevalence of FGIDs varies across the world but is unknown in Malaysia. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of FGIDs in healthy Malaysian infants.

METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving healthy infants younger than 12 months of age who attended a well-baby clinic. A universal sampling method was adopted. Children with congenital disorders potentially affecting gastrointestinal functions, chronic debilitating diseases and hypothyroidism were excluded. Rome IV criteria were used to define FGIDs.

RESULTS: Of the total 534 infants recruited (54% males), 92% were born at term; 85% had normal birth weight [range 2.5-4.0 kg], and the mean (±S.D.) age at interview was 6.8 (±3.4) months. Thirty-six percent were breastfed, 29% were formula-fed, and 35% had mixed feeding. Prevalence of infant regurgitation and rumination syndrome was 10.5% and 1.7%, respectively. Prevalence of infant colic was 1.9% (3/160) (infant

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis; Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology; Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology*

Impacted door handle stab injury - case report

Seto, Boon Chong, Moissinac, Kevin

Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1998;10(1):78-80.

MyJurnal

Accidental stab wounds caused by door handles are rare. A case is presented where a boy sustained a stab injury by a door handle with resultant impaction of the door handle into his forearm. The injury was possibly predisposed by the design of the door lock-and-handle complex and precipitated by his activity, both of which could have been avoided by a different design of the door lock and handle complex and perhaps closer supervision while at school.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Diseases

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