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Culture-independent studies on bacterial dysbiosis in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review

Gopinath D, Menon RK, Banerjee M, Su Yuxiong R, Botelho MG, Johnson NW

Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2019 Jul;139:31-40.
PMID: 31112880 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.04.018

Imbalance within the resident bacterial community (dysbiosis), rather than the presence and activity of a single organism, has been proposed to be associated with, and to influence, the development and progression of various diseases; however, the existence and significance of dysbiosis in oral/oropharyngeal cancer is yet to be clearly established. A systematic search (conducted on 25/01/2018 and updated on 25/05/2018) was performed on three databases (Pubmed, Web of Science & Scopus) to identify studies employing culture-independent methods which investigated the bacterial community in oral/oropharyngeal cancer patients compared to control subjects. Of the 1546 texts screened, only fifteen publications met the pre-determined selection criteria. Data extracted from 731 cases and 809 controls overall, could not identify consistent enrichment of any particular taxon in oral/oropharyngeal cancers, although common taxa could be identified between studies. Six studies reported the enrichment of Fusobacteria in cancer at different taxonomic levels whereas four studies reported an increase in Parvimonas. Changes in microbial diversity remained inconclusive, with four studies showing a higher diversity in controls, three studies showing a higher diversity in tumors and three additional studies showing no difference between tumors and controls. Even though most studies identified a component of dysbiosis in oral/oropharyngeal cancer, methodological and analytical variations prevented a standardized summary, which highlights the necessity for studies of superior quality and magnitude employing standardized methodology and reporting. Indeed an holistic metagenomic approach is likely to be more meaningful, as is understanding of the overall metabolome, rather than a mere enumeration of the organisms present.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/microbiology; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/microbiology
The oral microbiome community variations associated with normal, potentially malignant disorders and malignant lesions of the oral cavity

Mok SF, Karuthan C, Cheah YK, Ngeow WC, Rosnah Z, Yap SF, et al.

Malays J Pathol, 2017 Apr;39(1):1-15.
PMID: 28413200 MyJurnal

The human oral microbiome has been known to show strong association with various oral diseases including oral cancer. This study attempts to characterize the community variations between normal, oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and cancer associated microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing. Swab samples were collected from three groups (normal, OPMD and oral cancer) with nine subjects from each group. Bacteria genomic DNA was isolated in which full length 16S rDNA were amplified and used for cloned library sequencing. 16S rDNA sequences were processed and analysed with MOTHUR. A core oral microbiome was identified consisting of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria at the phylum level while Streptococcus, Veillonella, Gemella, Granulicatella, Neisseria, Haemophilus, Selenomonas, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Prevotella, Porphyromonas and Lachnoanaerobaculum were detected at the genus level. Firmicutes and Streptococcus were the predominant phylum and genus respectively. Potential oral microbiome memberships unique to normal, OPMD and oral cancer oral cavities were also identified. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) showed a significant difference between the normal and the cancer associated oral microbiota but not between the OPMD and the other two groups. However, 2D NMDS showed an overlapping of the OPMD associated oral microbiome between the normal and cancer groups. These findings indicated that oral microbes could be potential biomarkers to distinguish between normal, OPMD and cancer subjects.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/microbiology*; Neoplasms/microbiology*
Indian enigma? Reanalyzed data are less than supportive

Katz AR

Am J Gastroenterol, 2007 Sep;102(9):2114-5.
PMID: 17727450
Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology
Fulltext Microbiota organization is a distinct feature of proximal colorectal cancers

Dejea CM, Wick EC, Hechenbleikner EM, White JR, Mark Welch JL, Rossetti BJ, et al.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2014 Dec 23;111(51):18321-6.
PMID: 25489084 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406199111

Environmental factors clearly affect colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, but the mechanisms through which these factors function are unknown. One prime candidate is an altered colonic microbiota. Here we show that the mucosal microbiota organization is a critical factor associated with a subset of CRC. We identified invasive polymicrobial bacterial biofilms (bacterial aggregates), structures previously associated with nonmalignant intestinal pathology, nearly universally (89%) on right-sided tumors (13 of 15 CRCs, 4 of 4 adenomas) but on only 12% of left-sided tumors (2 of 15 CRCs, 0 of 2 adenomas). Surprisingly, patients with biofilm-positive tumors, whether cancers or adenomas, all had biofilms on their tumor-free mucosa far distant from their tumors. Bacterial biofilms were associated with diminished colonic epithelial cell E-cadherin and enhanced epithelial cell IL-6 and Stat3 activation, as well as increased crypt epithelial cell proliferation in normal colon mucosa. High-throughput sequencing revealed no consistent bacterial genus associated with tumors, regardless of biofilm status. However, principal coordinates analysis revealed that biofilm communities on paired normal mucosa, distant from the tumor itself, cluster with tumor microbiomes as opposed to biofilm-negative normal mucosa bacterial communities also from the tumor host. Colon mucosal biofilm detection may predict increased risk for development of sporadic CRC.

Matched MeSH terms: Colorectal Neoplasms/microbiology*
Fulltext CagA toxin and risk of Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric phenotype: A meta-analysis of observational studies

Naing C, Aung HH, Aye SN, Poovorawan Y, Whittaker MA

PLoS One, 2024;19(8):e0307172.
PMID: 39173001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307172

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is frequently associated with non-cardia type gastric cancer, and it is designated as a group I carcinogen. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the evidence on the prevalence of CagA status in people with gastric disorders in the Indo-Pacific region, and to examine the association of CagA positive in the risk of gastric disorders. This study focused on the Indo-Pacific region owing to the high disability adjusted life-years related to these disorders, the accessibility of efficient treatments for this common bacterial infection, and the varying standard of care for these disorders, particularly among the elderly population in the region.
METHODS: Relevant studies were identified in the health-related electronic databases including PubMed, Ovid, Medline, Ovid Embase, Index Medicus, and Google Scholar that were published in English between 1 January 2000, and 18 November 2023. For pooled prevalence, meta-analysis of proportional studies was done, after Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation of data. A random-effect model was used to compute the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to investigate the relationship between CagA positivity and gastric disorders.
RESULTS: Twenty-four studies from eight Indo-Pacific countries (Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) were included. Overall pooled prevalence of CagA positivity in H. pylori-infected gastric disorders was 83% (95%CI = 73-91%). Following stratification, the pooled prevalence of CagA positivity was 78% (95%CI = 67-90%) in H. pylori-infected gastritis, 86% (95%CI = 73-96%) in peptic ulcer disease, and 83% (95%CI = 51-100%) in gastric cancer. Geographic locations encountered variations in CagA prevalence. There was a greater risk of developing gastric cancer in those with CagA positivity compared with gastritis (OR = 2.53,95%CI = 1.15-5.55).
CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that the distribution of CagA in H. pylori-infected gastric disorders varies among different type of gastric disorders in the study countries, and CagA may play a role in the development of gastric cancer. It is important to provide a high standard of care for the management of gastric diseases, particularly in a region where the prevalence of these disorders is high. Better strategies for effective treatment for high-risk groups are required for health programs to revisit this often-neglected infectious disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology
Helicobacter pylori: molecular detection of vacA gene and vacuolating activity in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells

Alfizah H, Noraziah MZ, Chao MY, Rahman MM, Ramelah M

Clin Ter, 2013;164(4):301-5.
PMID: 24045512 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2013.1577

Helicobacter pylori strains secrete a vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), plays an important role for the development of peptic ulcer disease and gastro-duodenal diseases. vacA gene is responsible to regulate the activity of the vacuolating cytotoxin. The objective of this study was molecular detection of vacA gene and observes the vacuolating activity on human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology*
Fulltext Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in Malaysia--observations in a multiracial Asian population

Goh KL

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Sep;64(3):187-92.
PMID: 20527265

Observations of racial differences in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Malaysia have been intriguing. The Indians and Chinese consistently have a higher prevalence compared to the Malays. The racial cohort theory has been proposed to explain these differences where transmission and perpetuation of infection takes place within a racial group rather than between races, races being separate owing to the low rate of interracial marriages. Studies have demonstrated distinctive bacterial strains between races. Phylogenetic studies have shown that H. pylori isolates amongst Chinese and Indians are distinctive while Malays have Indian and other strains suggesting a more recent acquisition of the bacterium from Indians. H. pylori is recognized as the major causative factor in peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Despite the high prevalence of H. pylori, Indians have a relatively low prevalence of peptic ulcer disease and a low incidence of gastric cancer. This paradox with regards to gastric cancer has been termed the "Indian enigma". Bacterial strain differences between races may be putative but this observation may also indicate gastroprotective environmental factors or a lower genetic susceptibility to develop cancer in the Indians.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology
Incidence of microsporidia in cancer patients

Lono AR, Kumar S, Chye TT

J Gastrointest Cancer, 2008;39(1-4):124-9.
PMID: 19459072 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-009-9065-z

INTRODUCTION: Microsporidia are considered opportunistic pathogens as evidenced by the significant detection in immunocompromised HIV/AIDS population. Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy are considered to be immunosuppressed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stool samples were collected from 311 cancer patients in the Klang Valley. Each sample underwent water-ether concentration and staining with modified trichrome stain.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Sixty-eight samples were positive by oil immersion examination. Polymerase chain reaction amplification with specific primers on those samples amplified Encephalitozoon intestinalis from two of the samples and Encephalitozoon hellem from one sample.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/microbiology*
Fulltext Oropharyngeal flora changes in patients with head and neck malignancy post radiotherapy

Muthu K, Raman R, Gopalakrishnan G

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59(5):585-90.
PMID: 15889559

Radiotherapy has been recognized as a valuable modality of treatment in the management of head and neck cancers. It can have a direct bactericidal effect on the normal flora of the oropharynx. The objective of this study is to determine the changes in the oropharyngeal flora after external beam radiation. This prospective non randomized control study was performed to aid in identification of organisms involved in sepsis, as well as aid in choosing appropriate antibiotics for surgical procedures in irradiated patient. Forty patients with various head and neck malignancy and thirty control patients were selected. Oropharyngeal swabs were taken prior to radiotherapy, at the end and one month after radiotherapy. A single swab was taken from the control group. A full bacteriological analysis was performed. There was a statistically significant decrease in Alpha Hemolytic Streptococci and Neisseria species post radiotherapy. B Proteus and Candida Albicans showed a statistical significant increase in patients with head and neck cancer post radiotherapy. These changes remained even one month after radiotherapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/microbiology*
Fulltext In Vitro Analysis of Metabolites Secreted during Infection of Lung Epithelial Cells by Cryptococcus neoformans

Liew KL, Jee JM, Yap I, Yong PV

PLoS One, 2016;11(4):e0153356.
PMID: 27054608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153356

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated basidiomycetous yeast commonly associated with pigeon droppings and soil. The opportunistic pathogen infects humans through the respiratory system and the metabolic implications of C. neoformans infection have yet to be explored. Studying the metabolic profile associated with the infection could lead to the identification of important metabolites associated with pulmonary infection. Therefore, the aim of the study was to simulate cryptococcal infection at the primary site of infection, the lungs, and to identify the metabolic profile and important metabolites associated with the infection at low and high multiplicity of infections (MOI). The culture supernatant of lung epithelial cells infected with C. neoformans at MOI of 10 and 100 over a period of 18 hours were analysed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The metabolic profiles obtained were further analysed using multivariate analysis and the pathway analysis tool, MetaboAnalyst 2.0. Based on the results from the multivariate analyses, ten metabolites were selected as the discriminatory metabolites that were important in both the infection conditions. The pathways affected during early C. neoformans infection of lung epithelial cells were mainly the central carbon metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acids. Infection at a higher MOI led to a perturbance in the β-alanine metabolism and an increase in the secretion of pantothenic acid into the growth media. Pantothenic acid production during yeast infection has not been documented and the β-alanine metabolism as well as the pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis pathways may represent underlying metabolic pathways associated with disease progression. Our study suggested that β-alanine metabolism and the pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis pathways might be the important pathways associated with cryptococcal infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/microbiology
Epstein-Barr virus associated diseases: an update

Pathmanathan R

Malays J Pathol, 1993 Dec;15(2):105-13.
PMID: 8065170

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), traditionally linked etiologically with infectious mononucleosis (IM), endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has in recent years been associated with a host of other conditions. Viral strategies for entry into cells and persistence, as well as various molecular mechanisms involved in latency, replication and transformation have been elucidated. EBV termini analysis has demonstrated the essentially clonal nature of BL, NPC and preneoplastic lesions of the nasopharynx. Strain variation between isolates of EBV suggests that differences in epithelial cell tropism among strains may exist. Treatment of EBV-associated syndromes is largely supportive although antivirals may play a role in the management of oral hairy leukoplakia. At the present time, the development of an effective vaccine remains a viable proposition.

Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/microbiology
Quantitation of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum of patients with hepatoma

Lie-Injo LE, Lopez CG, Latu J, Lim ML, Balasegaram M

Cytobios, 1987;50(201):101-6.
PMID: 3036422

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the serum of 31 patients with histologically confirmed primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) from Malaysia and Indonesia was quantitated by densitometric scanning of autoradiograms obtained by Southern blot DNA hybridization, after electrophoresis using a 32P DNA cloned into plasmid pBR325 as a probe. This quantitation after electrophoresis is more informative than the usual spot hybridization technique. Five of the 31 sera were positive for HBV DNA. Levels ranged between 1.36 pq and 143.18 pq per ml of serum, and the levels of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, HBeAg and anti-HBe in the serum were serologically determined. All five sera positive for HBV DNA were also positive for HBsAg. Three of the five positive for HBV DNA were positive for HBeAg and negative for anti-HBe. Two of the sera positive for HBV DNA were negative for HBeAg but positive for anti-HBe. All sera negative for HBV DNA were also negative for HBeAg. Many sera which were negative for HBV DNA and HBeAg were positive for HBsAg. Of the 31 sera from PHC patients, 23 had at least one HBV marker positive (74.2%).

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/microbiology*
Analyzing the Secretome of Gut Microbiota as the Next Strategy For Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer

Megat Mohd Azlan PI, Chin SF, Low TY, Neoh HM, Jamal R

Proteomics, 2019 05;19(10):e1800176.
PMID: 30557447 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800176

Dysbiosis of gut microbiome can contribute to inflammation, and subsequently initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Throughout these stages, various proteins and metabolites are secreted to the external environment by microorganisms or the hosts themselves. Studying these proteins may help enhance our understanding of the host-microorganism relationship or they may even serve as useful biomarkers for CRC. However, secretomic studies of gut microbiome of CRC patients, until now, are scarcely performed. In this review article, the focus is on the roles of gut microbiome in CRC, the current findings on CRC secretome are highlighted, and the emerging challenges and strategies to drive forward this area of research are addressed.

Matched MeSH terms: Colorectal Neoplasms/microbiology*
Fulltext Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: Indian enigma

Misra V, Pandey R, Misra SP, Dwivedi M

World J Gastroenterol, 2014 Feb 14;20(6):1503-9.
PMID: 24587625 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1503

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram negative microaerophilic bacterium which resides in the mucous linings of the stomach. It has been implicated in the causation of various gastric disorders including gastric cancer. The geographical distribution and etiology of gastric cancer differ widely in different geographical regions and H. pylori, despite being labeled as a grade I carcinogen, has not been found to be associated with gastric cancer in many areas. Studies in Asian countries such as Thailand, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Iran, Saudi Arabian countries, Israel and Malaysia, have reported a high frequency of H. pylori infection co-existing with a low incidence of gastric cancer. In India, a difference in the prevalence of H. pylori infection and gastric cancer has been noted even in different regions of the country leading to a puzzle when attempting to find the causes of these variations. This puzzle of H. pylori distribution and gastric cancer epidemiology is known as the Indian enigma. In this review we have attempted to explain the Indian enigma using evidence from various Indian studies and from around the globe. This review covers aspects of epidemiology, the various biological strains present in different parts of the country and within individuals, the status of different H. pylori-related diseases and the molecular pathogenesis of the bacterium.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology*
Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in a Malaysian cohort show a lack of association with human papillomavirus

Cheah PL, Koh CC, Khang TF, Goh KL, Lau PC, Chin KF, et al.

J Dig Dis, 2018 May;19(5):272-278.
PMID: 29722130 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12605

OBJECTIVE: With an age-standardized incidence rate of 2 per 100 000, esophageal cancer is not common among Malaysians, but they are nevertheless important due to its poor prognosis. The study is to clarify whether the human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with esophageal cancer in Malaysians as there has been no report to date on this in Malaysians and other South East Asians.
METHODS: Altogether 67 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas histologically diagnosed between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2014 at the Department of Pathology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Malaysia were considered for HPV analysis using two commercially available methods, polymerase chain reaction with flow-through hybridization (21 HPV GenoArray Diagnostic Kit) and multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (Anyplex II HPV28 Detection). The DNA amplifiability of the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor was checked by amplification of a 268 bp segment of the human β-globin gene (GH20/PC04) prior to HPV detection.
RESULTS: HPV detection was finally carried out in 51 patients. HPV16 was detected in the moderately differentiated, stage IV lower esophageal tumor of a 32-year-old Malaysian-born Chinese woman by both methods. Except for a predilection for Indians, the clinical characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in this Malaysian cohort were generally similar to those of other populations.
CONCLUSION: It appears that HPV is rare and an unlikely oncovirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas of Malaysians.

Matched MeSH terms: Esophageal Neoplasms/microbiology*
Fulltext Dysbiosis of the microbiome in gastric carcinogenesis

Castaño-Rodríguez N, Goh KL, Fock KM, Mitchell HM, Kaakoush NO

Sci Rep, 2017 11 21;7(1):15957.
PMID: 29162924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16289-2

The gastric microbiome has been proposed as an etiological factor in gastric carcinogenesis. We compared the gastric microbiota in subjects presenting with gastric cancer (GC, n = 12) and controls (functional dyspepsia (FD), n = 20) from a high GC risk population in Singapore and Malaysia. cDNA from 16S rRNA transcripts were amplified (515F-806R) and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq 2 × 250 bp chemistry. Increased richness and phylogenetic diversity but not Shannon's diversity was found in GC as compared to controls. nMDS clustered GC and FD subjects separately, with PERMANOVA confirming a significant difference between the groups. H. pylori serological status had a significant impact on gastric microbiome α-diversity and composition. Several bacterial taxa were enriched in GC, including Lactococcus, Veilonella, and Fusobacteriaceae (Fusobacterium and Leptotrichia). Prediction of bacterial metabolic contribution indicated that serological status had a significant impact on metabolic function, while carbohydrate digestion and pathways were enriched in GC. Our findings highlight three mechanisms of interest in GC, including enrichment of pro-inflammatory oral bacterial species, increased abundance of lactic acid producing bacteria, and enrichment of short chain fatty acid production pathways.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology*
Distribution of gastric adenocarcinoma subtypes in different ethnicities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Sukri A, Hanafiah A, Kosai NR, Taher MM, Mohamed Rose I

Malays J Pathol, 2017 Dec;39(3):235-242.
PMID: 29279585 MyJurnal

The multiracial population in Malaysia has lived together for almost a century, however, the risk of gastric cancer among them varies. This study aimed to determine the distribution of different gastric adenocarcinoma subtypes and Helicobacter pylori infection status among gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled from November 2013 to June 2015. Blood samples were collected for detection of H. pylori using ELISA method. Gastric adenocarcinoma cases were more prevalent in the Chinese (52.8%), followed by the Malays (41.7%) and least prevalent in the Indians (5.6%). Gastric adenocarcinoma located in the cardia was significantly more prevalent in the Malays (66.7%) compared to the Chinese (26.3%), whereas non-cardia cancer was diagnosed more in the Chinese (73.7%) compared to the Malays (33.3%) [P = 0.019; OR = 5.6, 95 CI: 1.27 to 24.64]. The Malays also had significantly higher prevalence of gastric tumour located at the cardia or fundus than other gastric sites compared to the Chinese (P = 0.002; OR: 11.2, 95% CI: 2.2 to 56.9). Among the cardia gastric cancer patients, 55.6% of the Malays showed intestinal histological subtype, whereas all the Chinese had the diffuse subtype. More than half of the patients (55.3%) with gastric adenocarcinoma were positive for H. pylori infection and among them, 66.7% were Chinese patients. The risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in our population is different among ethnicities. Further studies on host factors are needed as it might play an important role in gastric cancer susceptibility in our population.

Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology
Fulltext Helicobacter pylori vacA as marker for gastric cancer and gastroduodenal diseases: one but not the only factor

Abadi AT, Lee YY

J Clin Microbiol, 2014 Dec;52(12):4451.
PMID: 25399000 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02640-14
Matched MeSH terms: Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology*
Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma using a non-radioactive digoxigenin-labelled probe

Permeen AM, Sam CK, Pathmanathan R, Prasad U, Wolf H

J Virol Methods, 1990 Mar;27(3):261-7.
PMID: 2157729

The presence of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) DNA in biopsies from the post-nasal space (PNS) of patients suspected of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was detected by in situ cytohybridization with an EBV DNA probe labelled with the novel labelling compound digoxigenin. The digoxigenin probe was hybridised to cryostat sections of NPC biopsies and subsequently detected by an enzyme immunoassay procedure. It was found that in situ cytohybridization using the digoxigenin probe was much more rapid and sensitive (96 h compared to five weeks) than the current method of using 3H-labelled probe. Using the digoxigenin EBV probe, it was found that in all the eighteen NPC biopsies tested, EBV DNA was detected in malignant epithelial cells and infiltrating lymphocytes. EBV DNA was also detected in some normal epithelial cells in these NPC biopsies. EBV DNA was not detected in epithelial cells of non-malignant biopsies.

Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/microbiology*
Fulltext The association of Streptococcus bovis/gallolyticus with colorectal tumors: the nature and the underlying mechanisms of its etiological role

Abdulamir AS, Hafidh RR, Abu Bakar F

J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2011;30:11.
PMID: 21247505 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-11

Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) bacteria are associated with colorectal cancer and adenoma. S. bovis is currently named S. gallolyticus. 25 to 80% of patients with S. bovis/gallolyticus bacteremia have concomitant colorectal tumors. Colonic neoplasia may arise years after the presentation of bacteremia or infectious endocarditis of S. bovis/gallolyticus. The presence of S. bovis/gallolyticus bacteremia and/or endocarditis is also related to the presence of villous or tubular-villous adenomas in the large intestine. In addition, serological relationship of S. gallolyticus with colorectal tumors and direct colonization of S. gallolyticus in tissues of colorectal tumors were found. However, this association is still under controversy and has long been underestimated. Moreover, the etiological versus non-etiological nature of this associationis not settled yet. Therefore, by covering the most of up to date studies, this review attempts to clarify the nature and the core of S. bovis/gallolyicus association with colorectal tumors and analyze the possible underlying mechanisms.

Matched MeSH terms: Colorectal Neoplasms/microbiology

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