Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 169 in total

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  1. The effects of multimodal interference in working memory
    Kevin Soo WX
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2009;olume 23:57-67.
    Kajian ini menyelidik kekekalan maklumat auditori dan visual dalam keadaan gangguan terhadap ingatan. Sebanyak 76 peserta mengambil bahagian dalam dua eksperimen berasingan (ujian ingatan auditori dan visual) di mana peserta perlu menyelesaikan sesuatu tugas berkaitan dengan ingatan dalam keadaan gangguan auditori atau visual. Perbandingan prestasi dilakukan dengan kumpulan kawalan tanpa gangguan. Didapati bahawa ingatan auditori mudah dipengaruhi oleh gangguan auditori tetapi tidak terpengaruh oleh gangguan visual. lngatan visual mudah dipengaruhi oleh gangguan tanpa menghiraukan apapun modalitas. Kesan dari kombinasi unik gangguan terhadap ingatan menyokongkan pendekatan pelbagai komponen yang dikemukakan oleh Baddeley (2002) terhadap ingatan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease
  2. Levodopa and Parkinson Disease-Myths Revisited
    Lim SY, Poewe W, Tan AH
    JAMA Neurol, 2017 10 01;74(10):1270.
    PMID: 28973082 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.2560
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease*
  3. Fulltext The potential role of herbal products in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
    Amro MS, Teoh SL, Norzana AG, Srijit D
    Clin Ter, 2018 2 16;169(1):e23-e33.
    PMID: 29446788 DOI: 10.7417/T.2018.2050
    Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder of the nervous system in which there is a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. There is a disturbance in the movement in PD and these include resting tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia or akinesia, disturbance, posture and freezing (motor block). The substantia nigra and other parts of the brain are commonly affected. The disorder could be related to oxidative stress and there is an important role of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A number of herbal products contain active components which are known to possess antioxidant action. Hence, the potential role of herbal products in treating PD cannot be undermined. In the present narrative review, the main aim is to discuss the pathogenesis of PD, define the role of different potential herbal extracts on its pathogenesis which may form the basis of treatment. We also discuss in detail the active chemical compounds present each herb which are effective in the treatment of PD. These herbs include Baicalei, Erythrina velutin, Resveratrol, Peganum Harmal, Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower), Pueraria lobate, Juglandis Semen (Walnut), Tianma Gouteng Yin (TGY), Lycium barbarum L fruit, Mucuna pruriens (Velvet bean), Chunghyuldan (CHD), Paeoniae Alba Radix. The present review may be beneficial for designing future drugs for effective treatment of PD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/drug therapy*; Parkinson Disease/epidemiology
  4. miR-124 and Parkinson's disease: A biomarker with therapeutic potential
    Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Piperi C
    Pharmacol Res, 2019 12;150:104515.
    PMID: 31707035 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104515
    Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder, attributed to a complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors. Although the exact etiology of the disease remains elusive, dysregulation of signaling pathways implicated in cell survival, apoptosis, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation, contributes to its pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRs) are endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. MiR-124 is one of the most abundantly expressed miRs in the brain that participates in neurogenesis, synapse morphology, neurotransmission, inflammation, autophagy and mitochondrial function. Accumulating pre-clinical evidence shows that miR-124 may act through calpain 1/p25/cyclin-dependent kinases 5 (CDK5), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim), 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated pathways to regulate cell survival, apoptosis, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation in PD. Moreover, clinical evidence indicates that reduced plasma miR-124 levels may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker in PD. This review provides an update of the pathogenic implication of miR-124 activity in PD and discusses its targeting potential for the development of future therapeutic strategies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/blood; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy; Parkinson Disease/genetics*
  5. Paraquat and Parkinson's Disease: The Molecular Crosstalk of Upstream Signal Transduction Pathways Leading to Apoptosis
    See WZC, Naidu R, Tang KS
    Curr Neuropharmacol, 2024;22(1):140-151.
    PMID: 36703582 DOI: 10.2174/1570159X21666230126161524
    Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous disease involving a complex interaction between genes and the environment that affects various cellular pathways and neural networks. Several studies have suggested that environmental factors such as exposure to herbicides, pesticides, heavy metals, and other organic pollutants are significant risk factors for the development of PD. Among the herbicides, paraquat has been commonly used, although it has been banned in many countries due to its acute toxicity. Although the direct causational relationship between paraquat exposure and PD has not been established, paraquat has been demonstrated to cause the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The underlying mechanisms of the dopaminergic lesion are primarily driven by the generation of reactive oxygen species, decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress, leading to a cascade of molecular crosstalks that result in the initiation of apoptosis. This review critically analyses the crucial upstream molecular pathways of the apoptotic cascade involved in paraquat neurotoxicity, including mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease*
  6. Fulltext Pre-existing neurological conditions and COVID-19 co-infection: Data from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and scoping reviews
    Boruah AP, Thakur KT, Gadani SP, Kothari KU, Chomba M, Guekht A, et al.
    J Neurol Sci, 2023 Dec 15;455:120858.
    PMID: 37948972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120858
    BACKGROUND: Pre-existing neurological diseases have been identified as risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection and death. There is a lack of comprehensive literature review assessing the relationship between pre-existing neurological conditions and COVID-19 outcomes. Identification of high risk groups is critical for optimal treatment and care.

    METHODS: A literature review was conducted for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and scoping reviews published between January 1, 2020 and January 1, 2023. Literature assessing individuals with pre-existing neurological diseases and COVID-19 infection was included. Information regarding infection severity was extracted, and potential limitations were identified.

    RESULTS: Thirty-nine articles met inclusion criteria, with data assessing >3 million patients from 51 countries. 26/51 (50.9%) of countries analyzed were classified as high income, while the remaining represented middle-low income countries (25/51; 49.0%). A majority of evidence focused on the impact of cerebrovascular disease (17/39; 43.5%) and dementia (5/39; 12.8%) on COVID-19 severity and mortality. 92.3% of the articles (36/39) suggested a significant association between neurological conditions and increased risk of severe COVID-19 and mortality. Cerebrovascular disease, dementia, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy were associated with increased COVID severity and mortality.

    CONCLUSION: Pre-existing neurological diseases including cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease are significant risk factors for severity of COVID-19 infection and mortality in the acute infectious period. Given that 61.5% (24/39) of the current evidence only includes data from 2020, further updated literature is crucial to identify the relationship between chronic neurological conditions and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 variants.

    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease*
  7. Preconditioning as a potential strategy for the prevention of Parkinson's disease
    Golpich M, Rahmani B, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Dargahi L, Mohamed Z, Raymond AA, et al.
    Mol Neurobiol, 2015 Feb;51(1):313-30.
    PMID: 24696268 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8689-6
    Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by the progressive and massive loss of dopaminergic neurons by neuronal apoptosis in the substantia nigra pars compacta and depletion of dopamine in the striatum, which lead to pathological and clinical abnormalities. A numerous of cellular processes including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates are considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. A further understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of PD is crucial for developing effective diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic strategies to cure this devastating disorder. Preconditioning (PC) is assumed as a natural adaptive process whereby a subthreshold stimulus can promote protection against a subsequent lethal stimulus in the brain as well as in other tissues that affords robust brain tolerance facing neurodegenerative insults. Multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that preconditioning as a possible neuroprotective technique may reduce the neural deficits associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. Throughout the last few decades, a lot of efforts have been made to discover the molecular determinants involved in preconditioning-induced protective responses; although, the accurate mechanisms underlying this "tolerance" phenomenon are not fully understood in PD. In this review, we will summarize pathophysiology and current therapeutic approaches in PD and discuss about preconditioning in PD as a potential neuroprotective strategy. Also the role of gene reprogramming and mitochondrial biogenesis involved in the preconditioning-mediated neuroprotective events will be highlighted. Preconditioning may represent a promising therapeutic weapon to combat neurodegeneration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/pathology; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology*; Parkinson Disease/prevention & control*; Parkinson Disease/therapy
  8. Effectiveness of autogenic training in improving motor performances in Parkinson's disease
    Ajimsha MS, Majeed NA, Chinnavan E, Thulasyammal RP
    Complement Ther Med, 2014 Jun;22(3):419-25.
    PMID: 24906579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2014.03.013
    Relaxation training can be an important adjunct in reducing symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Autogenic Training (AT) is a simple, easily administered and inexpensive technique for retraining the mind and the body to be able to relax. AT uses visual imagery and body awareness to promote a state of deep relaxation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/classification; Parkinson Disease/epidemiology; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology*; Parkinson Disease/therapy*
  9. Fulltext Adapting to post-COVID19 research in Parkinson's disease: Lessons from a multinational experience
    Tan EK, Albanese A, Chaudhuri K, Lim SY, Oey NE, Shan Chan CH, et al.
    Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2021 01;82:146-149.
    PMID: 33071183 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.10.009
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/epidemiology*; Parkinson Disease/therapy
  10. Fulltext Post traumatic parkinsonian syndrome: a case report
    Pratap Chand R
    Med J Malaysia, 1985 Dec;40(4):335-7.
    PMID: 3842736
    Parkinsonian syndrome attributed to craniocerebral trauma is rare. Two young adult males developed Parkinsonism following severe head injury. The clinical features and response to therapy are described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease, Secondary/etiology*
  11. Fulltext The therapeutic potential of stem cells and progenitor cells for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
    Liau MT, Amini F, Ramasamy TS
    Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2016 Oct;13(5):455-464.
    PMID: 30603427 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-9093-2
    Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is usually seen in those above 50 years old. Current medical treatments only provide symptomatic relief but cannot cure the disease. There are claims that PD can be cured by stem cell transplant. The present study is aimed to assess the clinical potency and safety of stem cell in treating PD. A total of eleven articles were included for analysis, with four randomised control trials (RCTs), five non-RCTs and 2 follow up studies. All the four non-RCTs showed improvement of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale with no adverse events. However, results from RCTs showed no significant differences in the rating score among the transplant group and the Sham surgery group. The secondary analysis of one study showed a significant improvement of the rating score in those patients aged 60 and younger. Transplant group also associated with an overall higher incidence of adverse events. In conclusion, the RCTs and non-RCTs produced opposite results. When the studies were performed as non-RCTs in small number of patients, they showed promising result in the patients. It could say that currently the use of stem cell/progenitor cells in treating PD need much research despite having the implanted stem cell to be able to survive and integrated. The survival of implanted dopamine neurons in the striatum, however, does not indicate a success in correcting PD symptoms. Further investigations will shed light on the application and mechanism of action of stem cells in treating PD.

    Electronic Supplementary Material: Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13770-016-9093-2 and is accessible for authorized users.

    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease; Parkinson Disease, Secondary
  12. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and time-response meta-analysis
    Wu M, Li M, Yuan J, Liang S, Chen Z, Ye M, et al.
    Pharmacol Res, 2020 05;155:104693.
    PMID: 32057896 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104693
    Hormone therapy continues to be a favourable option in the management of menopausal symptomatology, but the associated risk-benefit ratios with respect to neurodegenerative diseases remain controversial. The study aim was to determine the relation between menopausal hormone therapy and Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and Parkinson's disease in human subjects. A literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Cochrane collaboration, and Scopus databases from onset of the database to September 2019. Random-effects model was used to estimate pooled odd ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analysis was performed based on the type and formulation of hormone. In addition, the time-response effect of this relationship was also assessed based on duration of hormone therapy. Associations between hormone therapy and Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and Parkinson's disease in menopausal women were reported in 28 studies. Pooled results with random effect model showed a significant association between hormone therapy and Alzheimer's disease (OR 1.08, 95 % CI 1.03-1.14, I2: 69 %). This relationship was more pronounced in patients receiving the combined estrogen-progestogen formulation. Moreover, a significant non-linear time-response association between hormone therapy and Alzheimer's disease was also identified (Coef1 = 0.0477, p1<0.001; Coef2 = -0.0932, p2<0.001). Similarly, pooled analysis revealed a significant association between hormone therapy and all-cause dementia (OR 1.16, 95 % CI 1.02-1.31, I2: 19 %). Interestingly, no comparable relationship was uncovered between hormone therapy as a whole and Parkinson's disease (OR 1.14, 95 % CI 0.95-1.38, I2: 65 %); however, sub-group analysis revealed a significant relationship between the disease and progestogen (OR 3.41, 95 % CI 1.23-9.46) or combined estrogen-progestogen formulation use (OR 1.49, 95 % CI 1.34-1.65). Indeed, this association was also found to be driven by duration of exposure (Coef1 = 0.0626, p1 = 0.04). This study reveals a significant direct relationship between the use of certain hormonal therapies and Alzheimer's disease, all-cause dementia, and Parkinson's disease in menopausal women. However, the association appears to shift in direct after five years in the context of Alzheimer's disease, adding further weight to the critical window or timing hypothesis of neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/epidemiology*
  13. Fulltext Impulse control behaviours in a Malaysian Parkinson’s disease population
    Shahrul Azmin, Tan, Eng Liang, Law, Zhe Kang, Remli Rabani, Wan Yahya Nafisah, Sahathevan, Ramesh, et al.
    Neurology Asia, 2016;21(2):137-143.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Impulse control behaviours are repetitive and excessive activities that may be sub-syndromal and not fulfil the criteria for impulse control disorder. These activities have potential to negatively impact on the daily lives of sufferers. We conducted a study to investigate the prevalence of impulse control behaviours and its associated features in Parkinson’s disease in our population. Methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study on consecutive patients attending neurology clinic. Inclusion criteria include idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients with Hoehn & Yahr stage I-IV. Eighty patients were enrolled and screened for impulse control behaviours using the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorder for Parkinson’s disease (QUIP). Results: Prevalence of impulse control behaviours among our cohort was 11.3%; the features significantly associated with it were higher level of education (p=0.02), advanced stage of disease (p=0.03) and higher levodopa dosage (p= 0.01). The commonest impulse control behaviour in our cohort was compulsive medication use (7.5%), followed by hobbyism (6.3%), hypersexuality (5%), compulsive buying (3.75%), punding (2.5%), walkabout (2.5%), compulsive eating (1.25%) and pathological gambling (1.3%).
    Conclusions: There is an association between impulse control behaviour and higher levodopa dosage in a study on patients with Parkinson’s disease in Malaysia. We also found a low prevalence of pathological gambling as compared to studies performed in the West.
    Study site: Neurology clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease*
  14. Integrating Patient Concerns into Parkinson's Disease Management
    Lim SY, Tan AH, Fox SH, Evans AH, Low SC
    Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep, 2017 01;17(1):3.
    PMID: 28102483 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-017-0717-2
    Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex motor and non-motor disorder and management is often challenging. In this review, we explore emerging approaches to improve the care of patients, drawing from the literature regarding patient-centred care, patient and caregiver perspectives and priorities, gaps in knowledge among patients and caregivers and the need for accurate information, individual variability in disease manifestations, prognostication of disease course, new developments in health technologies and personalized medicine, specialty care, pharmacological and non-pharmacological management, financial burden, lifestyle and work-related issues, support groups and palliative care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/therapy*
  15. Fulltext Prevalence and correlates of Parkinson’s disease among elderly patients attending neurology clinic at Serdang Hospital in 2016
    Minhat Halimatus Sakdiah, Liyana Najwa Inche Mat, Abdul Syafiq A. Radzis, Ng, Yiet Fai, Nur Syazwany Nasir Khan
    Int J Public Health Res, 2018;8(1):894-898.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the most frequent sub-cortical degenerative disease, characterized by universal progressive disorder of the
    nervous system that affects movement. This cross sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of PD among elderly attending the neurology clinic in Serdang Hospital.
    Methods A total of 150 records of patients attended the clinic from January to December 2016 were randomly selected. Data was collected using a proforma form seeking information related to age, gender, race, locality, and presence of comorbidity particularly diabetes mellitus. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS) version 22.0.
    Results The prevalence of PD among the elderly involved in the study was 34%. Majority of the respondents were aged 60 to 70 years old (54.7%), male (53.3%), Chinese (56.7%), from urban locality (93.0%) and were not diabetic (69.3%). The inferential statistics showed no significant association between all the factors with PD. However, the associations between age and diabetes mellitus with PD were almost significant with p values of 0.07 and 0.08 respectively.
    Conclusions Overall, the prevalence of PD among elderly who attended the neurology clinic in year 2016 was less than half with none of the factors under study were significantly associated with PD. However with bigger sample size, possible significant association may be obtained between age and diabetes mellitus.

    Study site: neurology clinic in Hospital Serdang
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease*
  16. Parkinson's disease in the Western Pacific Region
    Lim SY, Tan AH, Ahmad-Annuar A, Klein C, Tan LCS, Rosales RL, et al.
    Lancet Neurol, 2019 09;18(9):865-879.
    PMID: 31175000 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30195-4
    1·8 billion people of diverse ethnicities and cultures live in the Western Pacific Region. The increasing longevity of populations in this region is a major contributor to the exponential increase in Parkinson's disease prevalence worldwide. Differences exist between Parkinson's disease in the Western Pacific Region and in Europe and North America that might provide important insights into our understanding of the disease and approaches to management. For example, some genetic factors (such as LRRK2 mutations or variants) differ, environmental exposures might play differential roles in modulating the risk of Parkinson's disease, and fewer dyskinesias are reported, with some differences in the profile of non-motor symptoms and comorbidities. Gaps in awareness of the disease and inequitable access to treatments pose challenges. Further improvements in infrastructure, clinical governance, and services, and concerted collaborative efforts in training and research, including greater representation of the Western Pacific Region in clinical trials, will improve care of patients with Parkinson's disease in this region and beyond.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/epidemiology*
  17. Historical perspective: The pros and cons of conventional outcome measures in Parkinson's disease
    Lim SY, Tan AH
    Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2018 Jan;46 Suppl 1:S47-S52.
    PMID: 28793970 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.07.029
    BACKGROUND: Conventional outcome measures (COMs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) refer to rating scales, questionnaires, patient diaries and clinically-based tests that do not require specialized equipment.

    METHODS: It is timely at this juncture - as clinicians and researchers begin to grapple with the "invasion" of digital technologies - to review the strengths and weaknesses of these outcome measures.

    RESULTS: This paper discusses advances (including an enhanced understanding of PD itself, and the development of clinimetrics as a field) that have led to improvements in the COMs used in PD; their strengths and limitations; and factors to consider when selecting and using a measuring instrument.

    CONCLUSIONS: It is envisaged that in the future, a combination of COMs and technology-based objective measures will be utilized, with different methods having their own strengths and weaknesses. Judgement is required on the part of the clinician and researcher in terms of which instrument(s) are appropriate to use, depending on the particular clinical or research setting or question.

    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/diagnosis*
  18. Fulltext Explainable artificial intelligence for searching frequency characteristics in Parkinson's disease tremor
    Lee RE, Chan PY
    Sci Rep, 2023 Oct 30;13(1):18622.
    PMID: 37903843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45802-z
    The distinction between Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) tremors is subtle, posing challenges in differentiation. To accurately classify the PD and ET, BiLSTM-based recurrent neural networks are employed to classify between normal patients (N), PD patients, and ET patients using accelerometry data on their lower arm (L), hand (H), and upper arm (U) as inputs. The trained recurrent neural network (RNN) has reached 80% accuracy. The neural network is analyzed using layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) to understand the internal workings of the neural network. A novel explainable AI method, called LRP-based approximate linear weights (ALW), is introduced to identify the similarities in relevance when assigning the class scores in the neural network. The ALW functions as a 2D kernel that linearly transforms the input data directly into the class scores, which significantly reduces the complexity of analyzing the neural network. This new classification method reconstructs the neural network's original function, achieving a 73% PD and ET tremor classification accuracy. By analyzing the ALWs, the correlation between each input and the class can also be determined. Then, the differentiating features can be subsequently identified. Since the input is preprocessed using short-time Fourier transform (STFT), the differences between the magnitude of tremor frequencies ranging from 3 to 30 Hz in the mean N, PD, and ET subjects are successfully identified. Aside from matching the current medical knowledge on frequency content in the tremors, the differentiating features also provide insights about frequency contents in the tremors in other frequency bands and body parts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease*
  19. Optimal set of EEG features for emotional state classification and trajectory visualization in Parkinson's disease
    Yuvaraj R, Murugappan M, Ibrahim NM, Sundaraj K, Omar MI, Mohamad K, et al.
    Int J Psychophysiol, 2014 Dec;94(3):482-95.
    PMID: 25109433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.07.014
    In addition to classic motor signs and symptoms, individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) are characterized by emotional deficits. Ongoing brain activity can be recorded by electroencephalograph (EEG) to discover the links between emotional states and brain activity. This study utilized machine-learning algorithms to categorize emotional states in PD patients compared with healthy controls (HC) using EEG. Twenty non-demented PD patients and 20 healthy age-, gender-, and education level-matched controls viewed happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust emotional stimuli while fourteen-channel EEG was being recorded. Multimodal stimulus (combination of audio and visual) was used to evoke the emotions. To classify the EEG-based emotional states and visualize the changes of emotional states over time, this paper compares four kinds of EEG features for emotional state classification and proposes an approach to track the trajectory of emotion changes with manifold learning. From the experimental results using our EEG data set, we found that (a) bispectrum feature is superior to other three kinds of features, namely power spectrum, wavelet packet and nonlinear dynamical analysis; (b) higher frequency bands (alpha, beta and gamma) play a more important role in emotion activities than lower frequency bands (delta and theta) in both groups and; (c) the trajectory of emotion changes can be visualized by reducing subject-independent features with manifold learning. This provides a promising way of implementing visualization of patient's emotional state in real time and leads to a practical system for noninvasive assessment of the emotional impairments associated with neurological disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/classification*; Parkinson Disease/diagnosis; Parkinson Disease/psychology*
  20. Fulltext Technologies for Assessment of Motor Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: A Review
    Oung QW, Muthusamy H, Lee HL, Basah SN, Yaacob S, Sarillee M, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2015 Aug 31;15(9):21710-45.
    PMID: 26404288 DOI: 10.3390/s150921710
    Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized as the commonest neurodegenerative illness that gradually degenerates the central nervous system. The goal of this review is to come out with a summary of the recent progress of numerous forms of sensors and systems that are related to diagnosis of PD in the past decades. The paper reviews the substantial researches on the application of technological tools (objective techniques) in the PD field applying different types of sensors proposed by previous researchers. In addition, this also includes the use of clinical tools (subjective techniques) for PD assessments, for instance, patient self-reports, patient diaries and the international gold standard reference scale, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Comparative studies and critical descriptions of these approaches have been highlighted in this paper, giving an insight on the current state of the art. It is followed by explaining the merits of the multiple sensor fusion platform compared to single sensor platform for better monitoring progression of PD, and ends with thoughts about the future direction towards the need of multimodal sensor integration platform for the assessment of PD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/complications; Parkinson Disease/diagnosis*; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology*
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