Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 35 in total

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  1. LABORATORY CONTROL OF ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY
    LAU KS, SINGH N
    Med J Malaysia, 1963 Dec;18:107-15.
    PMID: 14117278
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin Time*
  2. Fulltext Utility of combining PIVKA-II and AFP in the surveillance and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Asia-Pacific region
    Kim DY, Toan BN, Tan CK, Hasan I, Setiawan L, Yu ML, et al.
    Clin Mol Hepatol, 2023 Apr;29(2):277-292.
    PMID: 36710606 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0212
    Even though the combined use of ultrasound (US) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is recommended for the surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the utilization of AFP has its challenges, including accuracy dependent on its cut-off levels, degree of liver necroinflammation, and etiology of liver disease. Though various studies have demonstrated the utility of protein induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA-II) in surveillance, treatment monitoring, and predicting recurrence, it is still not recommended as a routine biomarker test. A panel of 17 experts from Asia-Pacific, gathered to discuss and reach a consensus on the clinical usefulness and value of PIVKA-II for the surveillance and treatment monitoring of HCC, based on six predetermined statements. The experts agreed that PIVKA-II was valuable in the detection of HCC in AFP-negative patients, and could potentially benefit detection of early HCC in combination with AFP. PIVKA-II is clinically useful for monitoring curative and intra-arterial locoregional treatments, outcomes, and recurrence, and could potentially predict microvascular invasion risk and facilitate patient selection for liver transplant. However, combining PIVKA-II with US and AFP for HCC surveillance, including small HCC, still requires more evidence, whilst its role in detecting AFP-negative HCC will potentially increase as more patients are treated for hepatitis-related HCC. PIVKA-II in combination with AFP and US has a clinical role in the Asia-Pacific region for surveillance. However, implementation of PIVKA-II in the region will have some challenges, such as requiring standardization of cut-off values, its cost-effectiveness and improving awareness among healthcare providers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin/metabolism
  3. Fulltext Effect of higher centrifugation speed and shortened centrifugation time on prothrombin and activated thromboplastin time
    Azlin, I., Hafiza, A., Azma, R.Z., Aidifitrina, R.K., Hamidah, N.H.
    Medicine & Health, 2011;6(1):68-72.
    MyJurnal
    Centrifugation of blood samples to produce platelet-poor plasma is one of the important steps for coagulation testing. Reduction of the time required for specimen processing without affecting quality of results should be ideal for tests which require immediate results. Centrifugation of platelet-poor plasma (3580 rpm) for 15 minutes performed for routine coagulation tests would prolong the turn-around time for an urgent test (30 minutes). This study was done to determine the effect of reducing centrifugation time for routine coagulation tests in order to meet the turn-around time (TAT) for urgent tests. Seventy-nine blood samples sent for routine coagulation tests, were assayed for prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen level and platelet counts, using two different centrifugation speed for plasma preparation: centrifugation at 3580 rpm for 15 minutes and rapid centrifugation at 4000 rpm for five minutes. Paired sample t-test showed that there was a significant
    difference in the platelet count between the two groups (p=0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the normal APTT (p=0.16), abnormal APTT (p=0.80), abnormal PT (p=0.43) and the results of fibrinogen levels (p=0.36). In conclusion, rapid centrifugation at 4000 rpm for five minutes does not modify results of routine coagulation tests (PT, APTT and fibrinogen). It would be beneficial in providing rapid results for urgent coagulation tests.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin Time
  4. Optimization of the storage conditions for coagulation screening tests
    Mohammed Saghir SA, Al-Hassan FM, Alsalahi OS, Abdul Manaf FS, Baqir HS
    J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2012 May;22(5):294-7.
    PMID: 22538033 DOI: 05.2012/JCPSP.294297
    To determine the optimum storage temperature and time for prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time at various intervals at both room temperature and refrigerator.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin Time*
  5. Thrombophilic mutations in pre-eclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertension
    Omar SZ, Qvist R, Khaing SL, Muniandy S, Bhalla S
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2008 Apr;34(2):174-8.
    PMID: 18412778 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00755.x
    The aim of the present study was to determine the existence or prevalence of thrombophilic markers such as Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, protein S, protein C, activated protein C and anti-thrombin in pre-eclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertensive patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin/genetics; Prothrombin/metabolism
  6. Fulltext Manufacturing and Characterization of Novel Electrospun Composite Comprising Polyurethane and Mustard Oil Scaffold with Enhanced Blood Compatibility
    Jaganathan SK, Mani MP, Ismail AF, Ayyar M
    Polymers (Basel), 2017 May 04;9(5).
    PMID: 30970842 DOI: 10.3390/polym9050163
    The objective of this work is to characterize and investigate the blood compatibility of polyurethane (PU)/mustard oil composites fabricated using electrospinning technique. The fabricated scaffold was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and contact angle measurements. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APPT), prothrombin time (PT) and the hemolytic assay were done to investigate the blood compatibility of the developed composites. The SEM results revealed that the fiber diameter of the composites (761 ± 123 nm) was reduced compared to pristine PU control. The interaction between PU and mustard oil was confirmed by FTIR as evident through the shifting of peaks. The fabricated composites depicted hydrophobic behavior as insinuated by the increase in contact angle measurements. PU/mustard composites displayed improved crystallinity as confirmed by TGA. Atomic force micrographs suggested that developed PU/mustard oil composites showed an increase in the surface roughness (Ra) compared to pure PU. The Ra of pure PU was observed to be 723 nm but for the fabricated PU/mustard oil composite the Ra was found to be 1298 nm (Ra). The hemolytic index value for pure PU and fabricated composites was observed to be 2.73% and 1.15% indicating that developed composites showed a non-hemolytic behavior signifying the safety of the composites with red blood cells. Hence the newly developed composites with improved physicochemical and blood compatibility properties may be considered as a potential candidate for fabricating cardiac patches and grafts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin Time
  7. Effect of tropical outdoor weathering on the surface roughness and mechanical properties of maxillofacial silicones
    Rahman AM, Jamayet NB, Nizami MMUI, Johari Y, Husein A, Alam MK
    J Prosthet Dent, 2021 Jan 17.
    PMID: 33472753 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.07.026
    STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The climate of tropical Southeast Asia includes high humidity and ultraviolet radiation that reduce the lifespan of silicone prostheses by inducing changes in their mechanical properties and color stability. Studies on the surface roughness (SR) and mechanical properties of different silicone elastomers (SEs) subjected to the natural tropical weather of Southeast Asia are lacking.

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the SR, tensile strength (TS), and percentage elongation (% E) of different SEs subjected to outdoor weathering in the Malaysian climate.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Type-II dumbbell-shaped specimens (N-120) (nonweathered=15, weathered=15) were made from 3 room-temperature vulcanized (A-2000, A-2006, and A-103) and 1 heat-temperature vulcanized (M-511) silicone (Factor II). For 6 months, weathered specimens were subjected to outdoor weathering inside a custom exposure rack. Simultaneously, the nonweathered specimens were kept in a dehumidifier. Subsequently, the SR was measured with a profilometer; TS and % E were measured by using a universal testing machine. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the means of the tested properties of the nonweathered and weathered specimens, and pairwise comparison was carried out between the silicones (α=.05).

    RESULTS: After outdoor weathering, the SR, TS, and % E were adversely affected by weathering in the Malaysian environment. Among the silicone materials, A-2000 showed the least TS changes (2.51 MPa), while A-2006 demonstrated significant changes in percentage elongation after outdoor weathering (266.5%). M-511 exhibited the highest mean value (2.50 μm) for SR changes. In addition, A-103 SE showed statistically significant differences in most pairwise comparisons for all 3 dependent variables.

    CONCLUSIONS: Based on the evaluation of mechanical properties, A-103 can be suggested as a suitable silicone for maxillofacial prostheses fabricated for tropical climates. However, A-2000 can be a suitable alternative, although significant changes to surface roughness were detected after outdoor weathering.

    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin
  8. Fulltext Apparent factor IX inhibitor
    Jameela, S., Rozika, P., Rizalman, J., Phan, C.L., Visalachy, P., Chang, K.M.
    Medicine & Health, 2011;6(2):126-130.
    MyJurnal
    The causes of an isolated prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) with a normal prothrombin time (PT) are either a deficiency of clotting factors VIII, IX, XI or XII or the presence of an inhibitor. The inhibitor may be specific to an individual clotting factor or it may be a non-specific inhibitor like the lupus anticoagulant which has opposite therapeutic implications. We report a patient referred to our hospital for treatment that was previously diagnosed at another medical institution as an acquired factor IX inhibitor following an investigation for a prolonged APTT. On further testing this turned out to be a potent lupus anticoagulant which interfered with the phospholipid-dependent factor assays. The use of dilution studies, chromogenic assays and phospholipid neutralization can help differentiate these inhibitors. Great care must be taken in the interpretation of factor assays in the presence of lupus anticoagulant to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin Time
  9. Fulltext Coagulation Factor Activities Changes Over 5 Days in Thawed Fresh Frozen Plasma Stored at Different Initial Storage Temperatures
    Noordin SS, Karim FA, Mohammad WMZBW, Hussein AR
    Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus, 2018 Jul;34(3):510-516.
    PMID: 30127563 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-017-0879-8
    Thawed plasma is fresh frozen plasma (FFP) that has been stored for 5 days at 1-6 °C. Duration of storage and different storage temperatures might affect the coagulation factor activity in thawed FFP. This study measured the changes of coagulation factor activities over 5 days in thawed FFP and stored at two different initial storage temperatures. Thirty-six units of FFP, which consisted of nine units each from blood groups A, B, AB, and O, were thawed at 37 °C. Each unit was divided into two separate groups (Group A and Group B) based on initial storage temperature. The first group was stored at 2-6 °C for 5 days (Group A). The second group was stored at 20-24 °C for initial 6 h followed by 2-6 °C for 5 days (Group B). Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), coagulation factor activities of fibrinogen, factor (F) II, FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX, FX, and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF Ag) were assessed at baseline after thawing, at 6 h, and on days 1, 3, and 5 of storage for both groups. All coagulation factors mean activities in both storage groups decreased significantly over 5 days of storage. The mean FVIII activity at day 5 of storage was 36.9% in Group A and 39.8% in Group B. The other coagulation factors mean activities were > 50% on day 5 of storage in both groups. The coagulation factor activities of thawed FFP stored for 5 consecutive days were reduced in the two storage groups but most of the activities were still above 30%. This study suggests that thawed FFP stored for 5 days has the potential to ameliorate coagulation factor deficiencies in affected patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin Time
  10. Fulltext A Preliminary Study on Coagulation Parameters and Sterility of Thawed Refrozen Fresh Frozen Plasma
    Draman R, Yousuf R, Abdul Aziz S, Ding CH, Zainol S, Leong CF
    Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus, 2020 Jan;36(1):112-116.
    PMID: 32174694 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-019-01171-0
    Thawed fresh frozen plasma (FFP) if not used within 6 h, may have to be discarded due to the risk of contamination and uncertainty about its quality. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of coagulation Factor II (FII), Factor VIII (FVIII), fibrinogen and bacterial growth in thawed refrozen FFP. Thirty FFP samples were collected from healthy donors. FFP were thawed in water bath at 37 °C for 20-25 min. Approximately 10 mL of plasma from each FFP unit was tested for FII, FVIII, fibrinogen and sterility. The thawed FFP units were then kept at 4 °C for 6 h before being refrozen and stored at - 20 °C. Two weeks later, the refrozen FFP were thawed again and representative samples were analysed as before. There was a significant decline in the mean FVIII level, from 155.77% to 85.6% at second thaw. The mean FII level increased significantly from 74.9% to 82%, whereas the mean fibrinogen level fell from 3.34g/L to 3.28 g/L, but the decline was not statistically significant. There was no bacterial contamination in all samples at both time points. Refrozen plasma may be considered as an alternative to the storage of thawed unused FFP provided they are kept in a controlled environment to reduce wastage. These thawed refrozen FFP can be used later in bleeding cases like other FFP as the levels of FVIII are still within the standard haematology range (0.5-2 IU/mL) and above the minimal level of 30% coagulation factors required for adequate haemostasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin
  11. Fulltext Effect of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) aqueous leaf extract on prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) of human plasma
    Gunendren, M., Noordin S.S., Muggundha, R., Nozlena A.S.
    Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2017;2(1):62-68.
    MyJurnal
    Conventional anticoagulant therapy is the mainstay of medical treatment for deep vein thrombosis disorders. However,there are many complications associated with these agents such as bleeding. Hence, the search for novel anticoagulant derived from natural substances such as plants origin is in high demand nowadays. Ocimum sanctum(O.sanctum) also known as Ocimum tenuiform (OT), tulsi or holy basil from the family of Lamiaceae has been widely used for thousands of years in Ayurveda and Unani systems to cure or prevent a number of illnessessuch as headache, malaria, ulcers, bronchitis, cough, flu, sore throat and asthma. The objective is to investigate theeffect ofO. sanctum(Tulsi) aqueous leaf extract on prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) in human plasma. Coagulation activity of O. sanctum was measured via PT, APTT and TT assay in citrated plasma collected from thirty-six healthy regular blood donors. The plasma was tested against different concentrations of O. sanctum aqueous extract as follows: 0.1mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml and 1.0 mg/ml. Result shows the aqueous extract of O. sanctum prolonged the PT and APTT assays (p0.05). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis had identified the linolenic acid at 1-10% of ethanol and aqueousconcentration at different retention time which was responsible for the coagulation activities of O. sanctumin human plasma. This study suggests that O. sanctum does affect coagulation activity in human plasma and can be potentially used as naturally derived anticoagulant products in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin; Prothrombin Time
  12. Fulltext Investigation into the effects of antioxidant-rich extract of Tamarindus indica leaf on antioxidant enzyme activities, oxidative stress and gene expression profiles in HepG2 cells
    Razali N, Abdul Aziz A, Lim CY, Mat Junit S
    PeerJ, 2015;3:e1292.
    PMID: 26557426 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1292
    The leaf extract of Tamarindus indica L. (T. indica) had been reported to possess high phenolic content and showed high antioxidant activities. In this study, the effects of the antioxidant-rich leaf extract of the T. indica on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, H2O2-induced ROS production and gene expression patterns were investigated in liver HepG2 cells. Lipid peroxidation and ROS production were inhibited and the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase was enhanced when the cells were treated with the antioxidant-rich leaf extract. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that 207 genes were significantly regulated by at least 1.5-fold (p < 0.05) in cells treated with the antioxidant-rich leaf extract. The expression of KNG1, SERPINC1, SERPIND1, SERPINE1, FGG, FGA, MVK, DHCR24, CYP24A1, ALDH6A1, EPHX1 and LEAP2 were amongst the highly regulated. When the significantly regulated genes were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software, "Lipid Metabolism, Small Molecule Biochemistry, Hematological Disease" was the top biological network affected by the leaf extract, with a score of 36. The top predicted canonical pathway affected by the leaf extract was the coagulation system (P < 2.80 × 10(-6)) followed by the superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis (P < 2.17 × 10(-4)), intrinsic prothrombin pathway (P < 2.92 × 10(-4)), Immune Protection/Antimicrobial Response (P < 2.28 × 10(-3)) and xenobiotic metabolism signaling (P < 2.41 × 10(-3)). The antioxidant-rich leaf extract of T. indica also altered the expression of proteins that are involved in the Coagulation System and the Intrinsic Prothrombin Activation Pathway (KNG1, SERPINE1, FGG), Superpathway of Cholesterol Biosynthesis (MVK), Immune protection/antimicrobial response (IFNGR1, LEAP2, ANXA3 and MX1) and Xenobiotic Metabolism Signaling (ALDH6A1, ADH6). In conclusion, the antioxidant-rich leaf extract of T. indica inhibited lipid peroxidation and ROS production, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and significantly regulated the expression of genes and proteins involved with consequential impact on the coagulation system, cholesterol biosynthesis, xenobiotic metabolism signaling and antimicrobial response.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin
  13. Fulltext Unravelling the potential of nitric acid as a surface modifier for improving the hemocompatibility of metallocene polyethylene for blood contacting devices
    Vellayappan MV, Jaganathan SK, Muhamad II
    PeerJ, 2016;4:e1388.
    PMID: 26819837 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1388
    Design of blood compatible surfaces is obligatory to minimize platelet surface interactions and improve the thromboresistance of foreign surfaces when they are utilized as biomaterials particularly for blood contacting devices. Pure metallocene polyethylene (mPE) and nitric acid (HNO3) treated mPE antithrombogenicity and hydrophilicity were investigated. The contact angle of the mPE treated with HNO3 decreased. Surface of mPE and HNO3 treated mPE investigated with FTIR revealed no major changes in its functional groups. 3D Hirox digital microscopy, SEM and AFM images show increased porosity and surface roughness. Blood coagulation assays prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were delayed significantly (P < 0.05) for HNO3 treated mPE. Hemolysis assay and platelet adhesion of the treated surface resulted in the lysis of red blood cells and platelet adherence, respectively indicating improved hemocompatibility of HNO3 treated mPE. To determine that HNO3 does not deteriorate elastic modulus of mPE, the elastic modulus of mPE and HNO3 treated mPE was compared and the result shows no significant difference. Hence, the overall observation suggests that the novel HNO3 treated mPE may hold great promises to be exploited for blood contacting devices like grafts, catheters, and etc.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin Time
  14. Fulltext Intracranial haemorrhage due to late haemorrhagic disease of infancy
    Yeo TC
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Dec;42(4):276-83.
    PMID: 3454400
    Thirteen cases of late haemorrhagic disease of infancy due to vitamin K deficiency presenting with intracranial haemorrhage were seen over a three - year period from 1984 to 1986. The clinical picture was fairly typical; a short history of being unwell (poor feeding, vomiting, irritability, high pitched cry, fits) and physical findings of pallor, a normal body temperature, impairment of consciousness, abnormal respiration and a very tense anterior fontanelle. Vitamin K deficiency was implicated by the prolonged prothrombin time which rapidly returned to normal with vitamin K injection. The outcome was poor. Possible factors giving rise to vitamin K deficiency are discussed. The author suggests the introduction of the giving of vitamin K to all new-borns.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin Time
  15. Haemostatic parameters, platelet activation markers, and platelet indices among regular plateletpheresis donors
    Tuan HTM, Hock LS, Abdullah ZW
    J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2018 Apr;13(2):180-187.
    PMID: 31435321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.10.006
    Objective: Plateletpheresis is generally a safe procedure for platelet donation. Studies on the effects of haemostatic parameters and possible association between automated plateletpheresis and hypercoagulable state are limited. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of plateletpheresis on regular donors using haemostatic parameters, i.e. natural anticoagulant proteins, platelet indices, and platelet activation markers.

    Methods: A total of 139 participants (plateletpheresis donors and normal controls) were recruited and divided into two groups: Group 1 participants who underwent tests for haemostatic and platelet indices and Group 2 participants who underwent tests for platelet activation markers using CD62P and PAC-1 monoclonal antibodies.

    Results: A significant mild shortening of prothrombin time and platelet activation were demonstrated (by increased CD62P and PAC-1 markers) among regular plateletpheresis donors as compared to healthy controls. The current pre-donation platelet count of plateletpheresis donors was significantly lower than their mean baseline platelet count obtained before their first plateletpheresis procedure. However, no significant differences were observed for the other platelet parameters (platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, activated partial thromboplastin time, protein C, protein S, antithrombin, and von Willebrand Factor antigen) between plateletpheresis donors and healthy controls.

    Conclusion: This study concludes that regular plateletpheresis is a safe procedure. A possibility of mild platelet activation among regular donors requires further confirmation. However, pre-analytical platelet and FVII activations could occur in vitro contributing to these findings.

    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin Time
  16. Fulltext Delayed traumatic intracranial haemorrhage and progressive traumatic brain injury in a major referral centre based in a developing country
    Jeng TC, Haspani MS, Adnan JS, Naing NN
    Malays J Med Sci, 2008 Oct;15(4):56-67.
    PMID: 22589639
    A repeat Computer Tomographic (CT) brain after 24-48 hours from the 1(st) scanning is usually practiced in most hospitals in South East Asia where intracranial pressure monitoring (ICP) is routinely not done. This interval for repeat CT would be shortened if there was a deterioration in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Most of the time the prognosis of any intervention may be too late especially in hospitals with high patient-to-doctor ratio causing high mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study was to determine the important predictors for early detection of Delayed Traumatic Intracranial Haemorrhage (DTICH) and Progressive Traumatic Brain Injury (PTBI) before deterioration of GCS occurred, as well as the most ideal timing of repeated CT brain for patients admitted in Malaysian hospitals. A total of 81 patients were included in this study over a period of six months. The CT scan brain was studied by comparing the first and second CT brain to diagnose the presence of DTICH/PTBI. The predictors tested were categorised into patient factors, CT brain findings and laboratory investigations. The mean age was 33.1 ± 15.7 years with a male preponderance of 6.36:1. Among them, 81.5% were patients from road traffic accidents with Glasgow Coma Scale ranging from 4 - 15 (median of 12) upon admission. The mean time interval delay between trauma and first CT brain was 179.8 ± 121.3 minutes for the PTBI group. The DTICH group, 9.9% of the patients were found to have new intracranial clots. Significant predictors detected were different referral hospitals (p=0.02), total GCS status (p=0.026), motor component of GCS (p=0.043), haemoglobin level (p<0.001), platelet count (p=0.011) and time interval between trauma and first CT brain (p=0.022). In the PTBI group, 42.0% of the patients were found to have new changes (new clot occurrence, old clot expansion and oedema) in the repeat CT brain. Univariate statistical analysis revealed that age (p=0.03), race (p=0.035), types of admission (p=0.024), GCS status (p=0.02), pupillary changes (p=0.014), number of intracranial lesion (p=0.004), haemoglobin level (p=0.038), prothrombin time (p=0.016) as the best predictors of early detection of changes. Multiple logistics regression analysis indicated that age, severity, GCS status (motor component) and GCS during admission were significantly associated with second CT scan with changes. This study showed that 9.9% of the total patients seen in the period of study had DTICH and 42% had PTBI. In the early period after traumatic head injury, the initial CT brain did not reveal the full extent of haemorrhagic injury and associated cerebral oedema. Different referral hospitals of different trauma level, GCS status, motor component of the GCS, haemoglobin level, platelet count and time interval between trauma and the first CT brain were the significant predictors for DTICH. Whereas the key determinants of PTBI were age, race, types of admission, GCS status, pupillary changes, number of intracranial bleed, haemoglobin level, prothrombin time and of course time interval between trauma and first CT brain. Any patients who had traumatic head injury in hospitals with no protocol of repeat CT scan or intracranial pressure monitoring especially in developing countries are advised to have to repeat CT brain at the appropriate quickest time .
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin Time
  17. Fulltext Evaluation of the merit of the methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata to supplement anti-snake venom in reversing secondary hemostatic abnormalities induced by Naja naja venom
    Nayak AG, Kumar N, Shenoy S, Roche M
    3 Biotech, 2021 May;11(5):228.
    PMID: 33959471 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02766-z
    Increasing evidence suggests a sizable involvement of hemotoxins in the morbidity associated with envenomation by the Indian spectacled cobra, Naja naja (N.N). This study investigates the ability of Indian polyvalent anti-snake venom (ASV), methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata (MAP) and their combination in reversing the hemostatic abnormalities, viz. activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT), prothrombin time(PT) and thrombin time(TT) in citrated plasma. These parameters were assessed in 2 groups of experiments. Group 1: Without the prior incubation of plasma with venom and Group 2: With prior incubation of plasma with venom for 90 min at 37°C. Venom caused significant (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin Time
  18. Uncontrollable bleeding due to hypofibrinogenemia in a case of acute myelo-monocytic leukaemia
    Banerjee AK
    Med J Malaya, 1971 Mar;25(3):187-92.
    PMID: 4253245
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin Time
  19. Congenital coagulation disorders in Malaysia
    Duraisamy, G.
    Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1998;10(1):62-71.
    MyJurnal
    Congenital Coagulation Disorders (CCD) are inherited and present from birth. Their diagnosis depends on clinical awareness and correct laboratory investigations. The central registry for CCD or Congenital Bleeding Disorders (CBD) is at the Blood Services Centre, Kuala Lumpur Hospital and was established in 1975. There are 871 CCD registered. The commonest CCD are 631 (72%) Haemophilia A, 102 (12%) Haemophilia B and 93 (10.7%) von Willebrand's Disease. The other deficiencies registered are rare, only 45 in total:— Factor 1 (4), FV (4), FVII (21), FX (4), FXII (6), and FXIII (6). Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion, screening tests namely the Prothrombin Time (PT) and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) and confirmation of the diagnosis was by doing specific factor assays. Molecular studies were done on FVIII and FXIII. Treatment is by transfusing the deficient factor when there is bleeding and comprehensive care involving the specialities like the neurologist/ neurosurgeon /orthopaedic / physiotherapy/ dental besides the haematologist and paediatrician to manage the complicatioons seen. There are fewer problems now as patients are diagnosed earlier and managed better. There is now a good prognosis and a better quality of life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin Time
  20. Fabrication and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles and collagen-loaded polyurethane nanocomposite membrane coated with heparin for atrial septal defect (ASD) closure
    Kaiser E, Jaganathan SK, Supriyanto E, Ayyar M
    3 Biotech, 2017 Jul;7(3):174.
    PMID: 28660462 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0830-6
    Atrial septal defect (ASD) constitutes 30-40% of all congenital heart diseases in adults. The most common complications in the treatment of ASD are embolization of the device and thrombosis formation. In this research, an occluding patch was developed for ASD treatment using a well-known textile technology called electrospinning. For the first time, a cardiovascular occluding patch was fabricated using medical grade polyurethane (PU) loaded with bioactive agents namely chitosan nanoparticles (Cn) and collagen (Co) which is then coated with heparin (Hp). Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed characteristic vibrations of several active constituents and changes in the absorbance due to the inclusion of active ingredients in the patch. The contact angle analysis demonstrated no significant decrease in contact angle compared to the control and the composite patches. The structure of the electrospun nanocomposite (PUCnCoHp) was examined through scanning electron microscopy. A decrease in nanofiber diameter between control PU and PUCnCoHp nanocomposite was observed. Water uptake was found to be decreased for the PUCnCoHp nanocomposite against the control. The hemocompatibility properties of the PUCnCoHp ASD occluding patch was inferred through in vitro hemocompatibility tests like activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and hemolysis assay. It was found that the PT and APTT time was significantly prolonged for the fabricated PUCnCoHp ASD occluding patch compared to the control. Likewise, the hemolysis percentage was also decreased for the PUCnCoHp ASD patch against the control. In conclusion, the developed PUCnCoHp patch demonstrates potential properties to be used for ASD occlusion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prothrombin Time
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