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Fulltext Optimising the scan delay for arterial phase imaging of the liver using the bolus tracking technique

Chan R, Kumar G, Abdullah B, Ng Kh, Vijayananthan A, Mohd Nor H, et al.

Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2011 Apr;7(2):e12.
PMID: 22287986 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.7.2.e12

To optimize the delay time before the initiation of arterial phase scan in the detection of focal liver lesions in contrast enhanced 5 phase liver CT using the bolus tracking technique.

Matched MeSH terms: Radionuclide Imaging
Radionuclide imaging of pericardial effusion

Paramsothy M, Singham KT, Khoo BH

Med J Malaysia, 1979 Jun;33(4):321-5.
PMID: 522743
Matched MeSH terms: Pericardial Effusion/radionuclide imaging*
Scintillation scanning in the diagnosis of neurological disease

Mahadev V

Med J Malaya, 1970 Jun;24(4):290-6.
PMID: 4248350
Matched MeSH terms: Radionuclide Imaging*
Fulltext Lingual thyroid--a lesson to learn (letter)

Ng CS, Mohd Razak MS

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Mar;60(1):115.
PMID: 16250296

Comment on: Ramzisham AR, Somasundaram S, Nasir ZM. Lingual thyroid--a lesson to learn. Med J Malaysia. 2004 Oct;59(4):533-4

Matched MeSH terms: Lingual Thyroid/radionuclide imaging*
Neutron-activated theranostic radionuclides for nuclear medicine

Tan HY, Yeong CH, Wong YH, McKenzie M, Kasbollah A, Md Shah MN, et al.

Nucl Med Biol, 2020 09 30;90-91:55-68.
PMID: 33039974 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.09.005

Theranostics in nuclear medicine refers to personalized patient management that involves targeted therapy and diagnostic imaging using a single or combination of radionuclide (s). The radionuclides emit both alpha (α) or beta (β-) particles and gamma (γ) rays which possess therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities, respectively. However, the production of these radionuclides often faces difficulties due to high cost, complexity of preparation methods and that the products are often sourced far from the healthcare facilities, hence losing activity due to radioactive decay during transportation. Subject to the availability of a nuclear reactor within an accessible distance from healthcare facilities, neutron activation is the most practical and cost-effective route to produce radionuclides suitable for theranostic purposes. Holmium-166 (166Ho), Lutetium-177 (177Lu), Rhenium-186 (186Re), Rhenium-188 (188Re) and Samarium-153 (153Sm) are some of the most promising neutron-activated radionuclides that are currently in clinical practice and undergoing clinical research for theranostic applications. The aim of this paper is to review the physical characteristics, current clinical applications and future prospects of these neutron activated radionuclides in theranostics. The production, physical properties, validated clinical applications and clinical studies for each neutron-activated radionuclide suitable for theranostic use in nuclear medicine are reviewed in this paper.

Matched MeSH terms: Radionuclide Imaging*
Ante-partum localisation of the placenta with radioactive isotope Indium ( 113m IN)

Ng KH, Sinnathuray TA, Lau KS

Med J Malaya, 1972 Mar;26(3):159-63.
PMID: 5031010
Matched MeSH terms: Radionuclide Imaging*
Radioisotope colour scanning of the liver in the diagnosis of liver disease

Dharmalingam SK, Mahadev V

Med J Malaya, 1970 Dec;25(2):83-90.
PMID: 4251140
Matched MeSH terms: Radionuclide Imaging*
Fulltext Neuroimaging features of tuberculous meningitis

Sobri M, Merican JS, Nordiyana M, Valarmathi S, Ai-Edrus SA

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Mar;61(1):36-40.
PMID: 16708732 MyJurnal

Tuberculous meningitis leads to a high mortality rate. However, it responds well to chemotherapy if the treatment is started early. Neuroimaging is one of the most important initial investigations. There were 42 patients diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis in Kuala Lumpur Hospital based on clinical criteria, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and response to anti-tuberculous treatment over a 7 year period. Relevant information was obtained from patients' medical case notes and neuroimaging findings were evaluated. Male to female ratio was 3:1. The three major ethnics and the immigrant groups in Malaysia were represented in this study. The majority of the cases involved the Malays followed by immigrants, Chinese and Indians. The patients' age ranged from 18 to 62 years old with the mean age of 34.4 years. There were 95.2% (n = 40) of patients who presented with various neuroimaging abnormalities and only 2 (4.8%) patients had normal neuroimaging findings. Hydrocephalus and meningeal enhancement were the two commonest neuroimaging features. Other features include infarction, enhancing lesion, tuberculoma, abcess, oedema and calcification. Contrasted CT scan is an adequate neuroimaging tool to unmask abnormal findings in tuberculous meningitis.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrocephalus/radionuclide imaging; Meninges/radionuclide imaging; Tuberculosis, Meningeal/radionuclide imaging
Subperiosteal Dissection in Orbital Blowout Fracture: Technical Tips Including the Use of Modified Periosteal Elevator

Nazimi AJ, Rajaran JR, Nordin R

J Craniofac Surg, 2019 Oct;30(7):e609-e611.
PMID: 31503125 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000005617

Orbital blowout fractures are common. The same goes for its surgical complications when the efficiency of the dissection of entrapped or herniated intraorbital contents into the fracture could not be completely and safely dissected out. The authors describe a modification of the commonly used Howarth periosteal elevator for dissection of intraorbital content displacement or herniation on orbital blowout fracture. The instrument was modified by marking out the instrument from the tip into 10, 20, 25, 30, and 40 mm on both of its concave and convex surfaces to allow safe orbital soft tissue dissection and distance control. From the authors' experience, these simple modifications from its original instrument design allow better intraoperative control and appreciation of any intact important intraorbital anatomical structures such as inferomedial strut and posterior ledge. At the same time of importantly getting complete orbital fracture dissection and visualization, it causes less trauma to surrounding soft tissue with the markings ensuring unnecessary orbital exploration or visualization. Dissection can be kept for optimum maneuverability at the required or intended location based on the preoperative scan or dimension of anatomical orbital implant.

Matched MeSH terms: Radionuclide Imaging
Wireless power transfer-based eddy current non-destructive testing using a flexible printed coil array

Daura LU, Tian G, Yi Q, Sophian A

Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci, 2020 Oct 16;378(2182):20190579.
PMID: 32921233 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0579

Eddy current testing (ECT) has been employed as a traditional non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) tool for many years. It has developed from single frequency to multiple frequencies, and eventually to pulsed and swept-frequency excitation. Recent progression of wireless power transfer (WPT) and flexible printed devices open opportunities to address challenges of defect detection and reconstruction under complex geometric situations. In this paper, a transmitter-receiver (Tx-Rx) flexible printed coil (FPC) array that uses the WPT approach featuring dual resonance responses for the first time has been proposed. The dual resonance responses can provide multiple parameters of samples, such as defect characteristics, lift-offs and material properties, while the flexible coil array allows area mapping of complex structures. To validate the proposed approach, experimental investigations of a single excitation coil with multiple receiving coils using the WPT principle were conducted on a curved pipe surface with a natural dent defect. The FPC array has one single excitation coil and 16 receiving (Rx) coils, which are used to measure the dent by using 21 C-scan points on the dedicated dent sample. The experimental data were then used for training and evaluation of dual resonance responses in terms of multiple feature extraction, selection and fusion for quantitative NDE. Four features, which include resonant magnitudes and principal components of the two resonant areas, were investigated for mapping and reconstructing the defective dent through correlation analysis for feature selection and feature fusion by deep learning. It shows that deep learning-based multiple feature fusion has outstanding performance for 3D defect reconstruction of WPT-based FPC-ECT. This article is part of the theme issue 'Advanced electromagnetic non-destructive evaluation and smart monitoring'.

Matched MeSH terms: Radionuclide Imaging
Fulltext Future Prospective of Radiopharmaceuticals from Natural Compounds Using Iodine Radioisotopes as Theranostic Agents

Nurhidayah W, Setyawati LU, Daruwati I, Gazzali AM, Subroto T, Muchtaridi M

Molecules, 2022 Nov 18;27(22).
PMID: 36432107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228009

Natural compounds provide precursors with various pharmacological activities and play an important role in discovering new chemical entities, including radiopharmaceuticals. In the development of new radiopharmaceuticals, iodine radioisotopes are widely used and interact with complex compounds including natural products. However, the development of radiopharmaceuticals from natural compounds with iodine radioisotopes has not been widely explored. This review summarizes the development of radiopharmaceuticals from natural compounds using iodine radioisotopes in the last 10 years, as well as discusses the challenges and strategies to improve future discovery of radiopharmaceuticals from natural resources. Literature research was conducted via PubMed, from which 32 research articles related to the development of natural compounds labeled with iodine radioisotopes were reported. From the literature, the challenges in developing radiopharmaceuticals from natural compounds were the purity and biodistribution. Despite the challenges, the development of radiopharmaceuticals from natural compounds is a golden opportunity for nuclear medicine advancement.

Matched MeSH terms: Radionuclide Imaging
Fulltext Caroli's disease: functional diagnosis using 99mTc diethyl-iminodiacetic acid (IDA) hepatobiliary scintigraphy

Lai FM, Paramsothy M, Goh KL, Boey C

Singapore Med J, 1997 Apr;38(4):164-5.
PMID: 9269396

A case of Caroli's disease is presented and the findings of various imaging modalities are discussed with emphasis on the role of Technetium 99mTc diethyl-iminodiacetic acid scan in reaching the final diagnosis. The 'beaded' appearance of the dilated intrahepatic ducts seen in this scan is believed to be pathognomonic for this condition.

Matched MeSH terms: Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/radionuclide imaging*; Liver/radionuclide imaging*; Caroli Disease/radionuclide imaging*
Illuminating Insights: Clinical Study Harnessing Pharmacoscintigraphy for Permeation Study of Radiolabeled Nimesulide Topical Formulation in Healthy Human Volunteers

Sharma N, Khanna K, Kumar N, Karwasra R, Janakiraman AK, Rajagopal MS

Assay Drug Dev Technol, 2023 Oct;21(7):325-330.
PMID: 37801663 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.053

An alternative to oral administration for the delivery of therapeutic substances is the topical route, which frequently has comparable efficacy but may have a better tolerability profile. Gamma scintigraphy is a noninvasive technique that involves the application of radioactive substances to conduct biodistribution studies of therapeutic substances delivered through various routes. Nimesulide (NSD) was radiolabeled with technetium pertechnetate (Technetium99m [99mTc]) and this radiolabeled drug complex (99mTc-NSD) was used to prepare a topical gel formulation. The permeation of the radiolabeled drug from the topical gel was determined by gamma scintigraphy on human volunteers. The region of interest was calculated for the quantification of permeated radiolabeled drugs. This was observed that the mean percentage permeation of 99mTc-NSD was found to be 0.32 ± 0.22 to 36.37 ± 2.86 at 5 and 240 min. It was demonstrated that gamma scintigraphy may be a noninvasive and reliable technique for the determination of drug permeation through topical routes.

Matched MeSH terms: Radionuclide Imaging
Operational nuclear research reactors in the Asia-Pacific with potential for medical radionuclide production

Tan HY, Wong YH, Kasbollah A, Md Shah MN, Perkins AC, Yeong CH

Nucl Med Commun, 2023 Apr 01;44(4):227-243.
PMID: 36808108 DOI: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000001665

Personalised cancer treatment is of growing importance and can be achieved via targeted radionuclide therapy. Radionuclides with theranostic properties are proving to be clinically effective and are widely used because diagnostic imaging and therapy can be accomplished using a single formulation that avoids additional procedures and unnecessary radiation burden to the patient. For diagnostic imaging, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) is used to obtain functional information noninvasively by detecting the gamma (γ) rays emitted from the radionuclide. For therapeutics, high linear energy transfer (LET) radiations such as alpha (α), beta (β - ) or Auger electrons are used to kill cancerous cells in close proximity, whereas sparing the normal tissues surrounding the malignant tumour cells. One of the most important factors that lead to the sustainable development of nuclear medicine is the availability of functional radiopharmaceuticals. Nuclear research reactors play a vital role in the production of medical radionuclides for incorporation into clinical radiopharmaceuticals. The disruption of medical radionuclide supplies in recent years has highlighted the importance of ongoing research reactor operation. This article reviews the current status of operational nuclear research reactors in the Asia-Pacific region that have the potential for medical radionuclide production. It also discusses the different types of nuclear research reactors, their operating power, and the effects of thermal neutron flux in producing desirable radionuclides with high specific activity for clinical applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Radionuclide Imaging
Accuracy of bleeding volumetric measurement on head CT scan with sequence and helical techniques using manual and automatic methods: A phantom study

Darmini, Prastanti AD, Daryati S, Kartikasari Y, Sulistiyadi AH, Setiawan DA

Med J Malaysia, 2023 Dec;78(7):865-869.
PMID: 38159919

INTRODUCTION: There are two data acquisition methods for computed tomography (CT) scans, namely sequence and helical. Each of them has two ways of measuring the volume of bleeding in a head CT scan, namely by manual and automatic methods. So, it is necessary to have an analysis for measurement accuracy with these two methods in two data acquisitions. The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate bleeding volumetric measurement accuracy of sequence and helical on head CT acquisition using manual and automatic methods.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is quantitative research with a true experimental approach. Actual bleeding volume was simulated by an acrylic phantom containing Iodine contrast media (5 ml, 10 ml, 15 ml, and 20 ml). The phantom was scanned using routine CT protocol using the helical and sequence technique. Bleeding volume from each technique was measured manually using the Broderick formula and automatic software (ROI based). Accuracy was assessed by comparing the volume measurement result to the actual bleeding volume. Data was analysed using the Friedman test and by Wilcoxon.
RESULTS: The standard deviation of measured bleeding volume from the manual and automatic measurements compared to the actual bleeding volume were (0.220; 0.236; 0.351; 0.057) and (0.139; 0.270; 0.315; 0.329) in helical technique, and (0.333; 0.376; 0.447; 0.476) and (0.139; 0.242; 0.288; 0,376) in sequence technique. There are differences in the measurement results from the helical and sequence techniques (p <0.05) and using manual and automatic methods (p <0.05).
CONCLUSION: The measurement of bleeding volume that has a standard deviation value compared to the actual volume is more accurate in the helical technique using the automatic method, while the sequence technique is the manual method.

Matched MeSH terms: Radionuclide Imaging
Fulltext Cardiac Iodine-123-Meta-Iodo-Benzylguanidine Uptake in Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity

Tan MP, Murray A, Hawkins T, Chadwick TJ, Kerr SR, Parry SW

PLoS One, 2015;10(6):e0126241.
PMID: 26057525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126241

Carotid sinus syndrome is the association of carotid sinus hypersensitivity with syncope, unexplained falls and drop attacks in generally older people. We evaluated cardiac sympathetic innervation in this disorder in individuals with carotid sinus syndrome, asymptomatic carotid sinus hypersensitivity and controls without carotid sinus hypersensitivity.

Matched MeSH terms: Carotid Sinus/radionuclide imaging*; Heart/radionuclide imaging*; Hypersensitivity/radionuclide imaging*; Mediastinum/radionuclide imaging
Neutron-activated ¹⁵³Sm-ion-exchange resin as a tracer for gastrointestinal scintigraphy

Yeong CH, Abdullah BJ, Ng KH, Chung LY, Goh KL, Sarji SA, et al.

Nucl Med Commun, 2011 Dec;32(12):1256-60.
PMID: 21934547 DOI: 10.1097/MNM.0b013e32834b3ac8

Nuclear medicine techniques are well established for the investigation of gastrointestinal (GI) motility and transit. Ion-exchange resins radiolabelled with ⁹⁹mTc and ¹¹¹In are widely used as nonabsorbable radiopharmaceutical markers, with ¹¹¹In being preferred for whole-gut transit studies. This radionuclide, however, is not produced in many countries and may be expensive when obtained through international shipment. This study describes the use of neutron-activated ¹⁵³Sm-resin as an alternative tracer for use in GI scintigraphic investigation. A measure of 50 mg of stable samarium-152 chloride (¹⁵²SmCl₃) was incorporated into 100 mg of cation-exchange resin and irradiated in a neutron flux of 1 × 10¹³ cm⁻² s⁻¹ for 100 s to achieve an activity of 5 MBq after 66 h. Aliquots of ¹¹¹In-radiolabelled resin (5 MBq) were prepared for comparison of labelling and stability. Radiolabelling efficiencies were obtained by washing resin with distilled water, and the activity lost was measured. The radiolabelled resins were immersed in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid environments, and the retention of ¹⁵³Sm³⁺ and ¹¹¹In³⁺ was measured over a 24 h period. At 66 h after production, 91.15 ± 12.42% of ¹⁵³Sm was bound to the resin after washing in distilled water, whereas radiolabelling with ¹¹¹In achieved 99.96 ± 0.02% efficiency. Both radiolabelled resins demonstrated almost 100% stability in simulated intestinal fluid and >90% stability in artificial gastric juice over 24 h. The performance of neutron-activated ¹⁵³Sm-resin is similar to that of ¹¹¹In-resin and can be used as an alternative tracer for GI transit studies when In is not available.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract/radionuclide imaging*
Fulltext Myocardial infarct imaging using 99m technetium pyrophosphate and 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate: a clinical evaluation

Paramsothy M, Singham KT

Med J Malaysia, 1980 Mar;34(3):289-300.
PMID: 7412670

Radioisotope detection and localisation of myocardial infarction is discussed. Its clinical value and pitfalls are also discussed. The clinical application of this safe, simple, sensitive, repeatable, reproducible and non-invasive method in Malaysian patients performed during the period October 1978 to April 1979 at the University Hospital is reviewed. The main value of 99mTc labelled phosphate scan is in the demonstration and localisation of recent myocardial infarctions in patients where the electrocardiogram or serum enzymes changes are unhelpful.

Matched MeSH terms: Myocardial Infarction/radionuclide imaging*
Brain scans with Tc99m (pertechnetate) in children

Arumugasamy N

Med J Malaya, 1968 Dec;23(2):110-4.
PMID: 4240820
Matched MeSH terms: Radionuclide Imaging*
Radionuclide gastric emptying scintigraphy in patients with suspected gastroparesis in Hospital Kuala Lumpur: A preliminary experience

Rohani MFM, Zanial AZ, Nagaratnam P, Gew LT, Mutalib NAA, Hassan SZA

Med J Malaysia, 2021 07;76(4):518-525.
PMID: 34305113

INTRODUCTION: Gastroparesis is a medical condition that can cause significant morbidity. Its prevalence in Malaysia is not known and is often under diagnosed. The gold standard in the assessment of gastroparesis is radionuclide gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES). The aim of this study was to evaluate the added benefit of performing GES in patients with suspected gastroparesis in Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL).
METHODS: The clinical data and scintigraphic findings of consecutive patients referred to the Department of Nuclear Medicine, HKL for GES from July 2020 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.
RESULTS: Thirteen patients underwent the study (6 males and 7 females) with a mean age of 47.9 years (age range of 25 to 72 years). The majority of patients (n=11) were diagnosed with either type I or type II diabetes mellitus. Ten patients reported abnormal scan findings with only 3 patients had normal GES findings. Scintigraphic findings from our patients, association of symptoms with abnormal GES as well as the challenges in implementing GES in Malaysia is discussed.
CONCLUSION: GES provides valuable information to the referring physician in the diagnosis and management of patients with gastric motility disorders. However, its use is limited because of limited availability, cost restriction, lack of familiarity among clinicians, and lack of understanding of the test. Further effort is thus needed to enhance the availability and usage of GES in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Radionuclide Imaging*

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