Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 70 in total

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  1. Taty-Anna K, Farihah HS, Norzana AG, Farida H, Das S
    Clin Ter, 2012 Nov;163(6):503-4.
    PMID: 23306746
    The right and left lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by an isthmus. The isthmus lies at the level of the second and third tracheal rings. Occasionaly, the isthmus may be absent. We hereby, report the absence of isthmus in a 52-year-old male cadaver of unknown origin. Both the right and left lobes were normal but they were separated. Both the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland measured 4.3 cm vertically. The separation distance between right and left glands was noted at the upper, middle and lower parts. The upper end of medial border of both lobes were separated by a distance of 1 cm while the separation distance was 0.7 cm and 1.5 cm at the middle and lower parts, respectively. The anatomical and clinical significance of absence of isthmus is important for medical personnel and the surgeons operating on the thyroid gland. The present case report is a an attempt to highlight such.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland/abnormalities*
  2. Jin M, Dang J, Paudel YN, Wang X, Wang B, Wang L, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2021 Jul 01;776:145963.
    PMID: 33639463 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145963
    Fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF) is a bisphenol A substitute, which has been introduced for the production of so-called 'bisphenol A (BPA)-free' plastics. However, it has been reported that BHPF can enter living organisms through using commercial plastic bottles and cause adverse effects. To date, the majority of the toxicologic study of BHPF focused on investigating its doses above the toxicological threshold. Here, we studied the effects of BHPF on development, locomotion, neuron differentiation of the central nervous system (CNS), and the expression of genes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in zebrafish exposed to different doses of BHPF ranging from 1/5 of LD1 to LD50 (300, 500, 750, 1500, 3000, and 4500 nM). As a result, the possible hormetic effects of BHPF on regulating the HPT axis were revealed, in which low-dose BHPF positively affected the HPT axis while this regulation was inhibited as the dose increased. Underlying mechanism investigation suggested that BHPF disrupted myelination through affecting HPT axis including related genes expression and TH levels, thus causing neurotoxic characteristics. Collectively, this study provides the full understanding of the environmental impact of BHPF and its toxicity on living organisms, highlighting a substantial and generalized ongoing dose-response relationship with great implications for the usage and risk assessment of BHPF.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland*
  3. Lee SH, Moorthy R, Nagala S
    Br J Surg, 2022 May 16;109(6):497-502.
    PMID: 35576381 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac072
    BACKGROUND: The IDEAL Framework is a scheme for safe implementation and assessment of surgical innovation. The transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) is a new innovation in thyroid surgery that eliminates the need for a cervical incision. Despite considerable interest and adoption worldwide, significant scepticism remains regarding the outcomes and cost-effectiveness for healthcare systems. The aim of this narrative review was to appraise the available literature and examine whether TOETVA has progressed in line with the IDEAL Framework.

    METHODS: A literature review of PubMed with a focus on historical and landmark studies was undertaken to classify the evidence according to the different stages of the IDEAL Framework.

    RESULTS: Several different transoral approaches were developed by a small of number of surgeon-innovators on animals and cadavers, and subsequently in first-in-human studies. The trivestibular approach emerged as the safest technique, with further refinements of this technique culminating in TOETVA. The basic steps and indications for this technique have been standardized and it is now being replicated by early adopters in many centres worldwide. The development of TOETVA has closely aligned with the IDEAL Framework, and is currently at stage 2B (Exploration).

    CONCLUSION: There is need for multi-institutional collaborations and international registry studies to plan high-quality randomized trials comparing TOETVA with other remote-access approaches and collect long-term follow-up data. In countries where TOETVA has yet to be adopted, the IDEAL Framework will be a useful roadmap for government regulators and professional societies to evaluate, regulate, and provide best practice recommendations for the adoption of this technique.

    Matched MeSH terms: Parathyroid Glands; Thyroid Gland/surgery
  4. Kandasami P, Mathews VK
    Med J Malaysia, 1985 Mar;40(1):52-3.
    PMID: 3831737
    Cases of lingual thyroid are rare. The Johns Hopkins Hospital, New York, reported three cases of lingual thyroid in 800,000 admissions. We report here a case of lingual thyroid associated with hypothyroidism. The embryology, clinical features and principals of management are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland/abnormalities*
  5. Ooi CP, Yusof Khan AHK, Abdul Manaf R, Mustafa N, Sukor N, Williamson PR, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2021 Jul 28;11(7):e050231.
    PMID: 34321306 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050231
    INTRODUCTION: Thyroid dysfunctions (TD) are common medical conditions affecting all global populations. Improved healthcare leading to increasing survival rates and delayed diagnosis rendered significant burden of the disease in the increasing number of patients with TD with comorbid illnesses. Therefore, reducing the burden of TD and improving the quality of care are crucial. Existing poor-quality data that guide evidence-based decisions only provide a fragmented picture of clinical care. The different outcomes across studies assessing the effectiveness of treatments impede our ability to synthesise results for determining the most efficient treatments. This project aims to produce a core outcome set (COS), which embeds the multiple complex dimensions of routine clinical care for the effectiveness studies and clinical care of adult patients with TD.

    METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This mixed-method project has two phases. In phase 1, we will identify a list of patient-reported and clinical outcomes through qualitative research and systematic reviews. In phase 2, we will categorise the identified outcomes using the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials taxonomy of core domains and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. We will develop questionnaires from the list of outcomes identified from each domain for the two-round online Delphi exercise, aiming to reach a consensus on the COS. The Delphi process will include patients, carers, researchers and healthcare participants. We will hold an online consensus meeting involving representatives of all key stakeholders to establish the final COS.

    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects, Universiti Putra Malaysia and the Research Ethics Committee, National University of Malaysia. This proposed COS in TD will improve the value of data, facilitate high-quality evidence synthesis and evidence-based decision-making. Furthermore, we will present the results to participants, in peer-reviewed academic journals and conferences.

    REGISTRATION DETAILS: Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) Initiative database registration: http://www.comet-initiative.org/studies/details/1371.

    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland*
  6. Rossi A, Tomimori E, Camargo R, Medeiros-Neto G
    J Clin Ultrasound, 2002 May;30(4):226-31.
    PMID: 11981932
    Our objective was to establish thyroid volume by sonography in Brazilian schoolchildren and to correlate thyroid volume with anthropometric characteristics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland/anatomy & histology*; Thyroid Gland/metabolism; Thyroid Gland/ultrasonography*
  7. Arumainathan UD, Lwin S, Suan TL, Raman R
    Ear Nose Throat J, 2000 Apr;79(4):314-5.
    PMID: 10786396
    We report the first published case of the removal of a migratory fish bone from the thyroid gland that did not necessitate a thyroid lobectomy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland/pathology*; Thyroid Gland/radiography; Thyroid Gland/surgery*
  8. Tan TH, Lee BN, Amir Hassan SZ, Ch'ng ES, Hussein Z
    Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2012 Dec;46(4):300-3.
    PMID: 24900078 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-012-0160-x
    Ectopic thyroid or thyroid ectopia is a rare developmental anomaly with the prevalence of 1 per 100,000-300,000 population. Even rarer, such an anomaly manifests as dual thyroid ectopia. To our best knowledge, only one case has been reported on dual thyroid ectopia with Graves' disease in the English literature. We present here a case of dual thyroid ectopia complicated by Graves' disease, whereby the diagnosis was rendered through judicious use of various diagnostic modalities coupled with a close clinical follow-up. In this case, therapeutic consideration should be personalized with proper informed consent of the patient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland/abnormalities*
  9. Hisham AN, Sarojah A, Mastura T, Lim TO
    Asian J Surg, 2004 Jul;27(3):172-5.
    PMID: 15564155
    Measurement of prevertebral soft tissue is commonly used to assess prevertebral abnormalities, such as retropharyngeal abscess or injury to the cervical spine. In the presence of goitres, the widened prevertebral tissue seen on plain lateral neck radiograph may be diagnostic of an enlarged tubercle of Zuckerkandl (ZT), which may be responsible for most pressure symptoms. The aim of this study was to substantiate the value of plain lateral neck radiographs in preoperative demonstration of enlarged ZT.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland/radiography*
  10. Jayaram G, Razak A, Gan SK, Alhady SF
    Malays J Pathol, 1999 Jun;21(1):17-27.
    PMID: 10879275
    1853 thyroid lesions subjected to cytological sampling (either by the fine needle aspiration or fine needle capillary sampling technique) from January 1992 to December 1997 at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, were reviewed. Nodular goitre was the most common thyroid lesion needled (67.35%). Among the neoplastic lesions, follicular neoplasms predominated (64%), followed by papillary carcinoma (29.4%). In 325 cases, partial or total thyroidectomy had been done, providing material for histological review and cyto-histological correlation. Cytological diagnosis was found to have high sensitivity and specificity rates of over 75%. Besides, most non-neoplastic thyroid lesions could be diagnosed on cytology. The scope of cytology in the diagnosis of lymphomas, anaplastic and metastatic tumours rendered diagnostic biopsies (or thyroidectomy) unnecessary in these cases. Being a cost-effective technique and having the capacity to provide exact morphological diagnosis in a large variety of thyroid lesions, cytology is obviously the method of choice in the assessment of thyroid nodules.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland/pathology*
  11. Mahmud N
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2001;13(1):36-9.
    PMID: 12109259
    The data on thyroid volume measurements that determines prevalence of goitre in children is very important for public health consideration as the presence of goitre in children effectively reflects the status of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in the general population. Ultrasound is an excellent modality to evaluate thyroid size. Local experience in using a portable ultrasound machine to measure thyroid volume is presented. The thyroid anatomy and techniques of ultrasound assessment are highlighted. Proper training of public health doctors to perform thyroid gland ultrasonography is crucial to ensure that the thyroid volume data collected would be more accurate and reliable for the planning of health programmes to eliminate IDD in the particular areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland/anatomy & histology
  12. Foo LC, Mafauzy M
    Eur. J. Endocrinol., 1999 Dec;141(6):557-60.
    PMID: 10601955
    Endemic iodine deficiency is largely an environmental problem affecting whole populations. Currently, thyroid volume data from a population are analyzed with the sole objective of obtaining an estimate of goitre prevalence using +97th percentile or +2 standard deviations of an appropriate reference as cut-off. This paper proposes an alternative approach to the analysis and presentation of thyroid volume data using Z-scores (standard deviation scores) of the thyroid volume indices such as thyroid volume-for-age or thyroid volume-for-body surface area. The calculation of the summary statistics of the Z-scores, such as mean or median, provides an alternative to the prevalence-based approach for expressing severity of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). An advantage of the mean or median Z-score is that it describes the thyroid volume profile (and therefore the IDD status) of the entire population directly, unlike goitre prevalence which gives information only about the extremes of distribution. The frequency curve or histogram of the Z-scores provides a complete picture of the whole distribution. Although qualitatively similar conclusions on IDD severity can be drawn from both analytical approaches, only the Z-score system is able to capture adequately the trends or changes in thyroid size over time, and to establish whether a previously iodine-deficient community's thyroid volume profile has returned to 'normal' (as indicated by a distribution that is not significantly different from that of the reference) following intervention. As a continuous variable, Z-scores are particularly useful for the analysis of data from populations where the sample size is relatively small, or where many individuals lie outside the extreme percentiles of the reference population. In view of its advantages in the context of activities based on single and multiple measurements, the Z-score system is to be preferred for the reporting and use of thyroid volume indices. A desirable consequence of this preference is that national goals will be oriented towards an improvement of the overall thyroid volume profile of the population, rather than just a reduction of the number of individuals at the extremes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland/pathology*
  13. Hu SJ, Katagiri H, Kobayashi H
    Health Phys, 1995 Jan;68(1):67-70.
    PMID: 7989197
    When the definition of calm in atmospheric diffusion analyses is changed from 0.5 m s-1 to 0.1 m s-1, actual and more accurate low wind speeds and wind directions can be used to calculate the average air concentrations due to continuous releases of radionuclides at 10-m stack height more realistically and accurately. However, this modified calm condition has little affect on the calculated adult thyroid exposure for a postulated accident.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland/radiation effects*
  14. Abdul Ghani S, Hashim R
    Med J Malaysia, 1984 Dec;39(4):314-6.
    PMID: 6544941
    A case of A. V. fistula of the superior thyroid vessels following thyroidectomy is reported. Though the standard treatment of such a fistula is ligation and excision, a more simple Iigation and division of the superior thyroid artery is adequate for reasons mention. The demonstration of the feeding vessel by angiogram has to be accurate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland/blood supply*
  15. Ng ML, Rajna A, Khalid BA
    Clin Chem, 1987 Dec;33(12):2286-8.
    PMID: 3690847
    A combined enzyme immunoassay (micro-ELISA) technique was established for measuring autoantibodies against thyroglobulin and thyroid microsome, involving the immuno-dot blot technique. Thyroglobulin and thyroid microsome antigens (1 g/L each) prepared from normal thyroids were spotted separately onto nitrocellulose membrane filter discs. Results by this method and those by immunofluorescence correlated well. The percentages of confirmed positives were 30% and 48% and the negatives were 58% and 46% (n = 50) for thyroglobulin and microsome, respectively. Testing these samples by gelatin agglutination gave a high percentage of false positives (up to 20%, n = 128) and hemagglutination testing yielded a high percentage of false negatives (up to 20%, n = 45). The titer of autoantibodies by the micro-ELISA technique was greater than by agglutination. This technique is highly specific and sensitive.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland/immunology*
  16. Cheah JS, Loh FK
    Med J Malaysia, 1973 Mar;27(3):217-9.
    PMID: 4268928
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland/abnormalities*
  17. Ang GS, Da Costa JL
    Med J Malaya, 1971 Dec;26(2):137-8.
    PMID: 4260861
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland/immunology
  18. Wong TH, Tan TH, Chin SC, Lee BN
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 06;73(3):181-182.
    PMID: 29962506
    Recently, encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma has been reclassified as non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) to emphasize the benign nature of this entity. In our institution, we have assessed 455 patients treated with radioiodine ablation for differentiated thyroid carcinoma and 20 of them were retrospectively found to fulfill the new NIFTP criteria. There was no evidence of metastasis on post radioiodine whole body scans for NIFTP cases and these patients were in remission subsequently. The benign features of these patients' whole body scans and good clinical outcome following treatment further support NIFTP as a low risk thyroid neoplasm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland/pathology
  19. Feisal TK, Prepageran N, Shahrizal T, Zulkiflee AB
    Singapore Med J, 2008 May;49(5):e137-8.
    PMID: 18465039
    An ectopic location of the thyroid gland usually occurs in the midline, starting anywhere from the tongue to the diaphragm. The occurrence of an ectopic thyroid gland in a non-midline site is extremely rare. We report a 32-year-old Malay woman with an aberrant thyroid gland presenting as a parapharyngeal lesion. She had a normally functioning thyroid gland. An ectopic thyroid should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses in the parapharyngeal mass.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland/abnormalities*
  20. Pyvovar SM, Rudyk I, Scherban TD
    Wiad Lek, 2024;77(1):105-113.
    PMID: 38431814 DOI: 10.36740/WLek202401113
    OBJECTIVE: Aim: To analyze the role of cytokines in the progression of heart failure (HF) in patients with concomitant pathology of the thyroid gland.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The systematization of literature data on the role of cytokines in the progression of HF in patients with concomitant thyroid pathology (TP) was carried out. The results of our own research were presented.

    CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The final chapter in the history of the role of cytokines in the progression of HF has not yet been written. Further studies, including genetic ones, are necessary. The patients with HF have higher levels of TNFβ and IL-6, and a lower concentration of IL-4, compared to the control group. Patients with a fatal outcome of the disease, in contrast to those who survived for two years, have an increased level of TNFβ. In patients with concomitant TP, who had repeated hospitalization, a lower level was registered, compared to that under conditions of a more favorable course of heart failure. Concentrations of cytokines in the blood of patients with HF are associated with gene polymorphisms of the β-adrenoreceptor system: the C-allele of the Gly389A polymorphism of the β1-adrenoceptor gene leads to a decrease in the risk of increasing TNFα; IL-1α increases in the presence of the A-allele of the Ser49Gly polymorphism of this gene. In patients with HF and concomitant thyroid pathology, the risk of IL-6 growth increases in homozygous (C) patients for the Ser275 polymorphism of the β3 subunit of the G-protein.

    Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Gland*
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