Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 108 in total

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  1. Fulltext Relationship between arginine intake in parenteral nutrition and preterm neonatal population plasma arginine concentrations: a systematic review
    Premakumar CM, Turner MA, Morgan C
    Nutr Rev, 2019 12 01;77(12):878-889.
    PMID: 31504841 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz049
    CONTEXT: Very preterm neonates (VPNs) are unable to digest breast milk and therefore rely on parenteral nutrition (PN) formulations. This systematic review was prepared following PRISMA-P 2015 guidelines. For the purpose of this review, desirable mean plasma arginine concentration is defined as ≥80 micromoles/L.

    OBJECTIVE: The review was performed to answer the following research question: "In VPNs, are high amounts of arginine in PN, compared with low amounts of arginine, associated with appropriate circulating concentrations of arginine?" Therefore, the aims were to 1) quantify the relationship between parenteral arginine intakes and plasma arginine concentrations in PN-dependent VPNs; 2) identify any features of study design that affect this relationship; and 3) estimate the target parenteral arginine dose to achieve desirable preterm plasma arginine concentrations.

    DATA SOURCES: The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched regardless of study design; review articles were not included.

    DATA EXTRACTION: Only articles that discussed amino acid (AA) intake and measured plasma AA profile post PN in VPNs were included. Data were obtained using a data extraction checklist that was devised for the purpose of this review.

    DATA ANALYSIS: Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria. The dose-concentration relationship of arginine content (%) and absolute arginine intake (mg/(kg × d)) with plasma arginine concentrations showed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.001).

    CONCLUSION: Future studies using AA solutions with arginine content of 17%-20% and protein intakes of 3.5-4.0 g/kg per day may be needed to achieve higher plasma arginine concentrations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine/administration & dosage*; Arginine/blood; Arginine/pharmacokinetics
  2. Fulltext Structural and functional analyses of Burkholderia pseudomallei BPSL1038 reveal a Cas-2/VapD nuclease sub-family
    Shaibullah S, Shuhaimi N, Ker DS, Mohd-Sharif N, Ho KL, Teh AH, et al.
    Commun Biol, 2023 Sep 08;6(1):920.
    PMID: 37684342 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05265-4
    Burkholderia pseudomallei is a highly versatile pathogen with ~25% of its genome annotated to encode hypothetical proteins. One such hypothetical protein, BPSL1038, is conserved across seven bacterial genera and 654 Burkholderia spp. Here, we present a 1.55 Å resolution crystal structure of BPSL1038. The overall structure folded into a modified βαββαβα ferredoxin fold similar to known Cas2 nucleases. The Cas2 equivalent catalytic aspartate (D11) pairs are conserved in BPSL1038 although B. pseudomallei has no known CRISPR associated system. Functional analysis revealed that BPSL1038 is a nuclease with endonuclease activity towards double-stranded DNA. The DNase activity is divalent ion independent and optimum at pH 6. The concentration of monovalent ions (Na+ and K+) is crucial for nuclease activity. An active site with a unique D11(X20)SST motif was identified and proposed for BPSL1038 and its orthologs. Structure modelling indicates the catalytic role of the D11(X20)SST motif and that the arginine residues R10 and R30 may interact with the nucleic acid backbone. The structural similarity of BPSL1038 to Cas2 proteins suggests that BPSL1038 may represent a sub-family of nucleases that share a common ancestor with Cas2.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine
  3. Thermodynamics and solute-solvent interactions of lovastatin in an aqueous arginine solution
    Zolkiflee NF, Affandi MMRMM, Majeed ABA
    Eur J Pharm Sci, 2020 Jan 01;141:105111.
    PMID: 31629916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105111
    Lovastatin (LVS) is an effective therapeutic and prophylactic agent in several cardiovascular disorders. However, it has low bioavailability. This study investigated solute-solvent and solute-cosolute interactions and assessed thermodynamic parameters that contributed to LVS solubility enhancement in the presence of arginine (ARG) as a hydrotropic agent. The electrolytic conductance of LVS-ARG binary system was measured at temperatures from 298.15 K to 313.15 K. Conductometric parameters such as limiting molar conductance was evaluated. Additionally, thermodynamic parameters (ΔG0, ΔH0, ΔS0 and ES) involved in the association process of the solute in the aqueous solution of ARG solution were determined systematically. Solubility markedly improved 43-fold in the LVS-ARG complex compared to LVS alone. The analysed data from values of molar conductance and activation energy suggested favourable solubilisation, with a stronger solute-solvent interaction between LVS-ARG in water at higher temperatures. ARG and LVS complexation caused by strong molecular interactions was confirmed by spectral results. Hence, the addition of ARG as a co-solute was proven to enhance LVS solubility in water. The obtained data will ultimately enable the development of desired highly soluble, more efficient and safer LVS preparations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine/chemistry*
  4. Biochemical and in silico structural characterization of a cold-active arginase from the psychrophilic yeast, Glaciozyma antarctica PI12
    Yusof NY, Quay DHX, Kamaruddin S, Jonet MA, Md Illias R, Mahadi NM, et al.
    Extremophiles, 2024 Feb 01;28(1):15.
    PMID: 38300354 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-024-01333-7
    Glaciozyma antarctica PI12 is a psychrophilic yeast isolated from Antarctica. In this work, we describe the heterologous production, biochemical properties and in silico structure analysis of an arginase from this yeast (GaArg). GaArg is a metalloenzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. The cDNA of GaArg was reversed transcribed, cloned, expressed and purified as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. The purified protein was active against L-arginine as its substrate in a reaction at 20 °C, pH 9. At 10-35 °C and pH 7-9, the catalytic activity of the protein was still present around 50%. Mn2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and K+ were able to enhance the enzyme activity more than two-fold, while GaArg is most sensitive to SDS, EDTA and DTT. The predicted structure model of GaArg showed a very similar overall fold with other known arginases. GaArg possesses predominantly smaller and uncharged amino acids, fewer salt bridges, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions compared to the other counterparts. GaArg is the first reported arginase that is cold-active, facilitated by unique structural characteristics for its adaptation of catalytic functions at low-temperature environments. The structure and function of cold-active GaArg provide insights into the potentiality of new applications in various biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine
  5. Fulltext IMAAAGINE: a webserver for searching hypothetical 3D amino acid side chain arrangements in the Protein Data Bank
    Nadzirin N, Willett P, Artymiuk PJ, Firdaus-Raih M
    Nucleic Acids Res, 2013 Jul;41(Web Server issue):W432-40.
    PMID: 23716645 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt431
    We describe a server that allows the interrogation of the Protein Data Bank for hypothetical 3D side chain patterns that are not limited to known patterns from existing 3D structures. A minimal side chain description allows a variety of side chain orientations to exist within the pattern, and generic side chain types such as acid, base and hydroxyl-containing can be additionally deployed in the search query. Moreover, only a subset of distances between the side chains need be specified. We illustrate these capabilities in case studies involving arginine stacks, serine-acid group arrangements and multiple catalytic triad-like configurations. The IMAAAGINE server can be accessed at http://mfrlab.org/grafss/imaaagine/.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine/chemistry
  6. Fulltext Solubility enhancement of simvastatin by arginine: thermodynamics, solute-solvent interactions, and spectral analysis
    Meor Mohd Affandi MM, Tripathy M, Shah SA, Majeed AB
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2016;10:959-69.
    PMID: 27041998 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S94701
    We examined the solubility of simvastatin in water in 0.01 mol·dm(-3), 0.02 mol·dm(-3), 0.04 mol·dm(-3), 0.09 mol·dm(-3), 0.18 mol·dm(-3), 0.36 mol·dm(-3), and 0.73 mol·dm(-3) arginine (ARG) solutions. The investigated drug is termed the solute, whereas ARG the cosolute. Phase solubility studies illustrated a higher extent of solubility enhancement for simvastatin. The aforementioned system was subjected to conductometric and volumetric measurements at temperatures (T) of 298.15 K, 303.15 K, 308.15 K, and 313.15 K to illustrate the thermodynamics involved and related solute-solvent interactions. The conductance values were used to evaluate the limiting molar conductance and association constants. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG (0), ΔH (0), ΔS (0), and E s) for the association process of the solute in the aqueous solutions of ARG were calculated. Limiting partial molar volumes and expansibilities were evaluated from the density values. These values are discussed in terms of the solute-solvent and solute-cosolute interactions. Further, these systems were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and (13)C, (1)H, and two-dimensional nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance to complement thermophysical explanation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine/chemistry*
  7. Arginine Complexes with Simvastatin: Apparent Solubility, In Vitro Dissolution and Solid State Characterization
    Affandi MMRMM, Tripathy M, Majeed ABA
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2018;15(1):77-86.
    PMID: 28322162 DOI: 10.2174/1567201814666170320144259
    BACKGROUND: Categorized as a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II drugs, statin exhibit low aqueous solubility and bioavailability thus presenting an obstacle and great challenge to formulation researchers. This paper describes a de novo approach to enhance the aqueous solubility of one of the most commonly prescribed statins i.e., simvastatin (SMV) by forming a complex (SMV-ARG) with cosolute arginine (ARG).

    METHODS: The complex has been characterized for its apparent solubility and in vitro dissolution. The solid state characterization has been carried out using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Elemental Analysis, X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

    RESULTS: Simvastatin-Arginine (SMV-ARG) complex exhibited massive solubility enhancement by 12,000 fold and significant improvement in both acidic and alkaline dissolution media. A conversion of coherent crystalline to non-coherent pattern, and certain extent of amorphization in SMV-ARG complex, fully justifies the enhanced solubility, and hence the dissolution profile.

    CONCLUSION: The present study provides a significant evidence that ARG molecules are capable to form a complex with small molecules and increase their aqueous solubility which prove to be beneficial in drug formulation and development.

    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine/chemistry*
  8. Fulltext Control of Polyamine Biosynthesis by Antizyme Inhibitor 1 Is Important for Transcriptional Regulation of Arginine Vasopressin in the Male Rat Hypothalamus
    Greenwood MP, Greenwood M, Paton JF, Murphy D
    Endocrinology, 2015 Aug;156(8):2905-17.
    PMID: 25961839 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1074
    The polyamines spermidine and spermine are small cations present in all living cells. In the brain, these cations are particularly abundant in the neurons of the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) of the hypothalamus, which synthesize the neuropeptide hormones arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin. We recently reported increased mRNA expression of antizyme inhibitor 1 (Azin1), an important regulator of polyamine synthesis, in rat SON and PVN as a consequence of 3 days of dehydration. Here we show that AZIN1 protein is highly expressed in both AVP- and oxytocin-positive magnocellular neurons of the SON and PVN together with antizyme 1 (AZ1), ornithine decarboxylase, and polyamines. Azin1 mRNA expression increased in the SON and PVN as a consequence of dehydration, salt loading, and acute hypertonic stress. In organotypic hypothalamic cultures, addition of the irreversible ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor DL-2-(difluoromethyl)-ornithine hydrochloride significantly increased the abundance of heteronuclear AVP but not heteronuclear oxytocin. To identify the function of Azin1 in vivo, lentiviral vectors that either overexpress or knock down Azin1 were stereotaxically delivered into the SON and/or PVN. Azin1 short hairpin RNA delivery resulted in decreased plasma osmolality and had a significant effect on food intake. The expression of AVP mRNA was also significantly increased in the SON by Azin1 short hairpin RNA. In contrast, Azin1 overexpression in the SON decreased AVP mRNA expression. We have therefore identified AZIN1, and hence by inference, polyamines as novel regulators of the expression of the AVP gene.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine Vasopressin/genetics*; Arginine Vasopressin/metabolism
  9. Fulltext Effects of Aging and Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Supplementation on Brain Arginine Metabolism in Rats
    Mazlan M, Hamezah HS, Taridi NM, Jing Y, Liu P, Zhang H, et al.
    Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2017;2017:6019796.
    PMID: 29348790 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6019796
    Accumulating evidence suggests that altered arginine metabolism is involved in the aging and neurodegenerative processes. This study sought to determine the effects of age and vitamin E supplementation in the form of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on brain arginine metabolism. Male Wistar rats at ages of 3 and 21 months were supplemented with TRF orally for 3 months prior to the dissection of tissue from five brain regions. The tissue concentrations of L-arginine and its nine downstream metabolites were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We found age-related alterations in L-arginine metabolites in the chemical- and region-specific manners. Moreover, TRF supplementation reversed age-associated changes in arginine metabolites in the entorhinal cortex and cerebellum. Multiple regression analysis revealed a number of significant neurochemical-behavioral correlations, indicating the beneficial effects of TRF supplementation on memory and motor function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine/drug effects; Arginine/metabolism*
  10. Gene profiling and characterization of arginine kinase-1 (MrAK-1) from freshwater giant prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
    Arockiaraj J, Vanaraja P, Easwvaran S, Singh A, Alinejaid T, Othman RY, et al.
    Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2011 Jul;31(1):81-9.
    PMID: 21549198 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.04.004
    Arginine kinase-1 (MrAK-1) was sequenced from the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii using Illumina Solexa Genome Analyzer Technique. MrAK-1 consisted of 1068 bp nucleotide encoded 355 polypeptide with an estimated molecular mass of 40 kDa. MrAK-1 sequence contains a potential ATP:guanido phosphotransferases active domain site. The deduced amino acid sequence of MrAK-1 was compared with other 7 homologous arginine kinase (AK) and showed the highest identity (96%) with AK-1 from cherry shrimp Neocaridina denticulate. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed a broad expression of MrAK-1 with the highest expression in the muscle and the lowest in the eyestalk. The expression of MrAK-1 after challenge with the infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) was tested in muscle. In addition, MrAK-1 was expressed in Escherichia coli by prokaryotic expression plasmid pMAL-c2x. The optimum temperature (30 °C) and pH (8.5) was determined for the enzyme activity assay. MrAK-1 showed significant (P < 0.05) activity towards 10-50 mM ATP concentration. The enzyme activity was inhibited by α-ketoglutarate, glucose and ATP at the concentration of 10, 50 and 100 mM respectively. Conclusively, the findings of this study indicated that MrAK-1 might play an important role in the coupling of energy production and utilization and the immune response in shrimps.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine Kinase/genetics*; Arginine Kinase/metabolism
  11. Identification of the major allergens of Charybdis feriatus (red crab) and its cross-reactivity with Portunus pelagicus (blue crab)
    Misnan R, Murad S, Yadzir ZH, Abdullah N
    Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 2012 Dec;30(4):285-93.
    PMID: 23393908
    Tropomyosin and arginine kinase have been identified as the major allergens in multiple species of crab. Charybdis feriatus is an important commercial crab in this country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine Kinase/immunology*; Arginine Kinase/chemistry
  12. Investigating the binding preferences of small molecule inhibitors of human protein arginine methyltransferase 1 using molecular modelling
    Hong W, Li J, Laughton CA, Yap LF, Paterson IC, Wang H
    J Mol Graph Model, 2014 Jun;51:193-202.
    PMID: 24937176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2014.05.010
    Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyse the methylation of arginine residues of target proteins. PRMTs utilise S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) as the methyl group donor, leading to S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH) and monomethylarginine (mMA). A combination of homology modelling, molecular docking, Active Site Pressurisation, molecular dynamic simulations and MM-PBSA free energy calculations is used to investigate the binding poses of three PRMT1 inhibitors (ligands 1-3), which target both SAM and substrate arginine binding sites by containing a guanidine group joined by short linkers with the SAM derivative. It was assumed initially that the adenine moieties of the inhibitors would bind in sub-site 1 (PHE44, GLU137, VAL136 and GLU108), the guanidine side chain would occupy sub-site 2 (GLU 161, TYR160, TYR156 and TRP302), with the amino acid side chain occupying sub-site 3 (GLU152, ARG62, GLY86 and ASP84; pose 1). However, the SAH homocysteine moiety does not fully occupy sub-site 3, suggesting another binding pose may exist (pose 2), whereby the adenine moiety binds in sub-site 1, the guanidine side chain occupies sub-site 3, and the amino acid side chain occupies sub-site 2. Our results indicate that ligand 1 (pose 1 or 2), ligand 2 (pose 2) and ligand 3 (pose 1) are the predominant binding poses and we demonstrate for the first time that sub-site 3 contains a large space that could be exploited in the future to develop novel inhibitors with higher binding affinities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors*; Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/chemistry
  13. Application of the linear interaction energy method (LIE) to estimate the binding free energy values of Escherichia coli wild-type and mutant arginine repressor C-terminal domain (ArgRc)-l-arginine and ArgRc-l-citrulline protein-ligand complexes
    Asi AM, Rahman NA, Merican AF
    J Mol Graph Model, 2004 Mar;22(4):249-62.
    PMID: 15177077
    Protein-ligand binding free energy values of wild-type and mutant C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli arginine repressor (ArgRc) protein systems bound to L-arginine or L-citrulline molecules were calculated using the linear interaction energy (LIE) method by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The binding behaviour predicted by the dissociation constant (K(d)) calculations from the binding free energy values showed preferences for binding of L-arginine to the wild-type ArgRc but not to the mutant ArgRc(D128N). On the other hand, L-citrulline do not favour binding to wild-type ArgRc but prefer binding to mutant ArgRc(D128N). The dissociation constant for the wild-type ArgRc-L-arginine complex obtained in this study is in agreement with reported experimental results. Our results also support the experimental data for the binding of L-citrulline to the mutant ArgRc(D128N). These showed that LIE method for protein-ligand binding free energy calculation could be applied to the wild-type and the mutant E. coli ArgRc-L-arginine and ArgRc-L-citrulline protein-ligand complexes and possibly to other transcriptional repressor-co-repressor systems as well.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine/metabolism*; Arginine/chemistry
  14. Fulltext Genome sequence of Novosphingobium sp. strain Rr 2-17, a nopaline crown gall-associated bacterium isolated from Vitis vinifera L. grapevine
    Gan HM, Chew TH, Hudson AO, Savka MA
    J Bacteriol, 2012 Sep;194(18):5137-8.
    PMID: 22933764 DOI: 10.1128/JB.01159-12
    Novosphingobium sp. strain Rr 2-17 is an N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-producing bacterium isolated from the crown gall tumor of a grapevine. To our knowledge, this is the first draft genome announcement of a plant-associated strain from the genus Novosphingobium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine/analogs & derivatives; Arginine/metabolism
  15. Fulltext Identification of tropomyosin and arginine kinase as major allergens of Portunus pelagicus (blue swimming crab)
    Rosmilah M, Shahnaz M, Zailatul HM, Noormalin A, Normilah I
    Trop Biomed, 2012 Sep;29(3):467-78.
    PMID: 23018510
    Crab is an important source of food allergen. Tropomyosin represents the main crab allergen and is responsible for IgE cross-reactivity between various species of crustaceans. Recently, other new crab allergens including arginine kinase have been identified. However, information on allergens of the local Portunidcrab is not available. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the major allergens of Portunus pelagicus (blue swimming crab) using the allergenomics approach. Raw and cooked extracts of the crab were prepared from the crab meat. Protein profile and IgE binding pattern were demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting using sera from 30 patients with crab allergy. The major allergens of the crab were then identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), followed by mass spectrometry analysis of the peptide digests. The SDS-PAGE of raw extract revealed approximately 20 protein fractions over a wide molecular weight range, while cooked extract demonstrated fewer protein bands. The raw extract also demonstrated a higher number of IgE reactive bands than the cooked extract. A heat-resistant protein of 36 kDa has been identified as the major allergen in both raw and cooked extracts. In addition, a heat-sensitive protein of 41 kDa was also recognized as a major allergen in raw crab. The 2-DE gel profile of the raw extract demonstrated about >100 distinct proteins spots and immunoblotting of the 2-DE profile demonstrated at least 12 different major IgE reactive spots with molecular masses between 13 to 250 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) values ranging from 4.0 to 7.0. The 36 and 41 kDa proteins were identified as the crab tropomyosin and arginine kinase, respectively by mass spectrometry. Therefore, this study confirmed that tropomyosin and arginine kinase are the major allergens of the local Portunid crab, P. pelagicus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine Kinase/analysis; Arginine Kinase/immunology*
  16. Fulltext New generation of drug delivery systems based on ginsenoside Rh2-, Lysine- and Arginine-treated highly porous graphene for improving anticancer activity
    Zare-Zardini H, Taheri-Kafrani A, Amiri A, Bordbar AK
    Sci Rep, 2018 01 12;8(1):586.
    PMID: 29330486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18938-y
    In this study, Rh2-treated graphene oxide (GO-Rh2), lysine-treated highly porous graphene (Gr-Lys), arginine-treated Gr (Gr-Arg), Rh2-treated Gr-Lys (Gr-Lys-Rh2) and Rh2-treated Gr-Arg (Gr-Arg-Rh2) were synthesized. MTT assay was used for evaluation of cytotoxicity of samples on ovarian cancer (OVCAR3), breast cancer (MDA-MB), Human melanoma (A375) and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cell lines. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The hemolysis and blood coagulation activity of nanostructures were performed. Interestingly, Gr-Arg, Gr-Lys, Gr-Arg-Rh2, and Gr-Lys-Rh2 were more active against cancer cell lines in comparison with their cytotoxic activity against normal cell lines (MSCs) with IC50 values higher than 100 μg/ml. The results of TUNEL assay indicates a significant increase in the rates of TUNEL positive cells by increasing the concentrations of nanomaterials. Results were also shown that aggregation and changes of RBCs morphology were occurred in the presence of GO, GO-Rh2, Gr-Arg, Gr-Lys, Gr-Arg-Rh2, and Gr-Lys-Rh2. Note that all the samples had effect on blood coagulation system, especially on PTT. All nanostrucure act as antitumor drug so that binding of drugs to a nostructures is irresolvable and the whole structure enter to the cell as a drug.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine/pharmacology*; Arginine/chemistry
  17. Fulltext Reappraisal of bovril as a source of arginine in the arginine stimulation test for growth hormone deficiency
    Loh HH, Norlela S, Nor Azmi K
    Med J Malaysia, 2015 Jun;70(3):208-9.
    PMID: 26248787 MyJurnal
    The purpose of this case study is to report the use of oral Bovril (a food supplement which contains arginine) as an alternative test for growth hormone stimulation test. We performed oral Bovril test in 3 patients -- one with suspected growth hormone deficiency in whom insulin tolerance test could not be performed (subject A), one sex-matched control (subject B), and one with confirmed growth hormone deficiency (subject C). 14g/m(2) of oral Bovril was mixed with 150ml of warm water and was given to all three subjects. Blood for growth hormone was taken at baseline, and every 30 minutes till 150 minutes after ingestion of oral Bovril. The ingestion of oral Bovril showed a positive response in subjects A and B, with highest growth hormone levels of 28.4mIU/L and 42.0mIU/L respectively at 150 minutes. Subject C had suppressed growth hormone throughout the test. Oral Bovril is readily available and is a safe alternative for standard growth hormone stimulation test.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine
  18. In vitro propagation of taro, with spermine, arginine and ornithine : II. Plantlet regeneration via callus
    Sabapathy S, Nair H
    Plant Cell Rep, 1995 May;14(8):520-4.
    PMID: 24185524 DOI: 10.1007/BF00232787
    Regeneration of plantlets from shoot apex-derived callus and "calloid" cultures of a local taro [Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum cv. Keladi Birah] cultivar, was expedited by treatment with high levels of spermine. The total time taken, from culture of primary shoot apices on modified Linsmaier and Skoog medium supplemented with trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin, to complete plantlet regeneration, was reduced by 2-16 weeks, when the callus and "calloid" cultures were treated with 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM spermine. Furthermore, the number of plantlets produced per gram callus increased from 25 to 55. On media supplemented with arginine and ornithine, no callus was initiated from expiants and no plantlets differentiated from pre-established callus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine
  19. In vitro propagation of taro, with spermine, arginine, and ornithine : I. Plantlet regeneration from primary shoot apices and axillary buds
    Sabapathy S, Nair H
    Plant Cell Rep, 1992 Jun;11(5-6):290-4.
    PMID: 24203142 DOI: 10.1007/BF00235084
    In vitro growth and multiplication of taro [Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum cv. Keladi Birah] was improved considerably, when primary shoot apices were cultured on two modifications of Linsmaier and Skoog [1965] medium, containing 5.5 mg 1(-1) naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.2 mg 1(-1) kinetin or 1.85 mg 1(-1) naphthaleneacetic acid and 2 mg 1(-1) kinetin and supplemented with 10(-4) or 10(-3) mol·1(-1) of polyamine spermine or either of the precursors of polyamine putrescine-arginine and ornithine. Plantlets were regenerated directly from primary shoot apices, axillary buds and protocorm-like bodies [PLB]. Frequency of plantlet regeneration, rate of development and growth in height of main plantlets were enhanced by the addition of arginine and ornithine to the media. Secondary plantlet formation from axillary buds and PLB were promoted by spermine and arginine respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine
  20. Fulltext Development of Isocratic RP-HPLC Method for Separation and Quantification of L-Citrulline and L-Arginine in Watermelons
    Ridwan R, Abdul Razak HR, Adenan MI, Md Saad WM
    Int J Anal Chem, 2018;2018:4798530.
    PMID: 29853897 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4798530
    Watermelons (Citrullus lanatus) are known to have sufficient amino acid content. In this study, watermelons grown and consumed in Malaysia were investigated for their amino acid content, L-citrulline and L-arginine, by the isocratic RP-HPLC method. Flesh and rind watermelons were juiced, and freeze-dried samples were used for separation and quantification of L-citrulline and L-arginine. Three different mobile phases, 0.7% H3P04, 0.1% H3P04, and 0.7% H3P04 : ACN (90 : 10), were tested on two different columns using Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 and Gemini C18 with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and a detection wavelength at 195 nm. Efficient separation with reproducible resolution of L-citrulline and L-arginine was achieved using 0.1% H3P04 on the Gemini C18 column. The method was validated and good linearity of L-citrulline and L-arginine was obtained with R2 = 0.9956, y = 0.1664x + 2.4142 and R2 = 0.9912, y = 0.4100x + 3.4850, respectively. L-citrulline content showed the highest concentration in red watermelon of flesh and rind juice extract (43.81 mg/g and 45.02 mg/g), whereas L-arginine concentration was lower than L-citrulline, ranging from 3.39 to 11.14 mg/g. The isocratic RP-HPLC method with 0.1% H3P04 on the Gemini C18 column proved to be efficient for separation and quantification of L-citrulline and L-arginine in watermelons.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arginine
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