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  1. Fulltext Low birth weight babies (letter 1)
    Chia CP
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Mar;50(1):120.
    PMID: 7752969
    Comment on: Yadav H. Low birth weight incidence in Lundu, Sarawak. Med J Malaysia. 1994 Jun;49(2):164-8
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Low Birth Weight*
  2. Birthweights of Nigerian children
    Effiong CE, Laditan AA, Aimakhu VE, Ayeni O
    Niger Med J, 1976 Jan;6(1):63-8.
    PMID: 16295069
    A retrospective study of birthweights, the incidence, and possible aetiology of low birthweight in 31,490 Nigerian children, delivered in two hospitals at Ibadan, is reported. The important findings were: (a) mean birthweights for males (3,000 gm), and for females (2,880 gm) in a non-teaching hospital were significantly higher than 2,980 gm and 2,860 gm for males and females respectively in the teaching hospital; (b) the mean birthweights for boys were significantly higher than those for girls in both hospitals; (c) these mean birthweights, though generally higher than previous reports from Nigeria, were significantly lower than those for North American Caucasian and Negro babies, and of babies of three different racial groups in Malaysia. Other interesting, though expected findings were: (a) a high incidence of low birthweight (15.5 per cent) and (b) a high incidence of small for dates babies (60 per cent). It is suggested that since birthweights, the incidence of low birthweight and its aetiology are vital in the planning of health care in any country, a prospective study involving many urban and rural areas of the country and including factors known to influence birthweight should be undertaken.
    Matched MeSH terms: Birth Weight*; Infant, Low Birth Weight
  3. Fulltext Risk factors associated with low birth weight infants in the Malaysian population
    Boo NY, Lim SM, Koh KT, Lau KF, Ravindran J
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Oct;63(4):306-10.
    PMID: 19385490 MyJurnal
    This study aimed to identify the risk factors which were significantly associated with low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g) infants among the Malaysian population. This was a case-control study carried out at the Tuanku Jaafar Hospital, Seremban, Malaysia over a five-month period. Cases were all infants born with birth weight less than 2500 g. Control infant were selected with the help a random sampling table from among infants with birth weight of > or =2500 g born on the same day in the hospital. Of 3341 livebirths delivered in the hospital, 422 (12.6%) were LBW infants. Logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for various potential confounders, the only significant risk factors associated with infants of LBW were gestational age (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=0.6, 95% C.I.: 0.5, 0.6; < 0.0001), maternal pre-pregnancy weight (adjusted OR = 0.97, 95% C.I.: 0.95, 0.99; p < 0.0001), nulliparity (adjusted OR = 3.4, 95% C.I.: 2.2, 5.1; p < 0.0001), previous history of LBW infants (adjusted OR = 2.3, 95% C.I.: 1.4, 3.8; p=0.001) and PIH during current pregnancy (adjusted OR=3.3, 95% C.I.: 1.6, 6.6; p = 0.001). A number of potentially preventable or treatable risk factors were identified to be associated with LBW infants in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Birth Weight; Infant, Low Birth Weight*
  4. Low birth weight babies in Sitiawan, Perak. Rural Health Survey, 1997
    Atiya AS
    JUMMEC, 1999;4:58-61.
    Matched MeSH terms: Birth Weight
  5. Fulltext Maternal factors in predicting low birth weight babies
    Yadav H, Lee N
    Med J Malaysia, 2013;68(1):44-7.
    PMID: 23466766 MyJurnal
    This study examines the association between maternal factors and low birth weight among newborns at a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. This was a cross-sectional study where mothers were followed through from first booking till delivery. There were 666 mothers who delivered from May 2007 to March 2008. Infants' birth weight were compared with maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, fathers BMI, parity, ethnicity, per capita monthly income, and maternal blood pressure during pregnancy. A multiple logistic regressions was used to determine the relationship of maternal factors and low birth weight, while the ROC curve was constructed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the predictive model. Among the significant risk factors of low birth weight were older age (35 years and above), low pre-pregnancy BMI (<20 kg/m2), parity of 4 and above, Indian origin, economically under privileged, and low and high blood pressure. Blood pressure during pregnancy was an important risk factor for LBW, by using this parameter alone the risk of LBW could be predicted with a sensitivity rate of 70% and a specificity rate of 70%. The sensitivity and specificity was further improved to 80% and 75% percent respectively when other factors like maternal factors such as maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, ethnicity, and per capita monthly income were included in the analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Birth Weight*; Infant, Low Birth Weight*
  6. Fulltext Low birth weight babies (letter 2)
    Yadav H
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Sep;50(3):285-6.
    PMID: 8926914
    Author reply to: Chia CP. Low birth weight babies. Med J Malaysia. 1995 Mar;50(1):120.
    Comment on: Yadav H. Low birth weight incidence in Lundu, Sarawak. Med J Malaysia. 1994 Jun;49(2):164-8.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Low Birth Weight*
  7. Fulltext Low birth weight incidence in Lundu, Sarawak
    Yadav H
    Med J Malaysia, 1994 Jun;49(2):164-8.
    PMID: 8090096
    The overall mean birth weight of the total deliveries (1986-1988) in Lundu Hospital was 2.96 kg. The mean birth weight for the male babies was 2.94 kg. The Chinese babies had a significantly higher mean birth weight (3.12 kg) than the other ethnic groups (p < 0.05). The overall incidence of low birth weight (LBW) in this study was 11.84 per cent. The Chinese again had a lower incidence of LBW of 6.73 per cent compared to Ibans who had the highest incidence of LBW, 13.59 per cent, with the Bidayuhs 12.97 per cent and Malays, 12.45 per cent. It was also noticed that of the 14.9 per cent preterm deliveries, 37.5 per cent were LBW. The very young mothers (15-19 years) and older mothers (> 40 years) seem to have a higher incidence of LBW. Mothers who had medical conditions like anaemia, hypertension, pre-eclampsia also had a higher incidence of LBW when compared to mothers who did not have a medical condition. Special emphasis should be given to mothers who have medical conditions, and to very young and very old mothers during antenatal care, to prevent incidence of LBW.
    Comment in: Chia CP. Low birth weight babies. Med J Malaysia. 1995 Mar;50(1):120
    Matched MeSH terms: Birth Weight; Infant, Low Birth Weight*
  8. Fulltext Recent birthweight distribution and trends in Kuala Lumpur
    Chong YH, Hussein H
    Med J Malaysia, 1982 Mar;37(1):40-5.
    PMID: 7121345
    The birthweights of 13,614 singleton infants comprising 5376 Malays, 5352 Chinese and 2886 Indians born at the Maternity Hospital Kuala Lumpur, during 1973, 1975 and 1977 have been extracted and analysed. Male Chinese infants (3.16 ± 0.37 kg) were significantly heavier than Malay and Indian infants while the male Malay infants (3.12 ± 0.41 kg) were significantly heavier than the Indian (2.97 ± 0.41 kg). Both female Chinese (3.04 ± 0.38 kg) and Malay infants (3.05 ± 0.38 kg) were heavier than the female Indian (2.89 ± 0.39 kg) but there was no difference in birthweight between Chinese and Malay female infants. The mean gestational period and the proportion of full-term births were similar for all 3 races with averages of 39.9 weeks and 77.8 percent respectively. Maternal age at first birth was also closely similar for the three communities with an average of 22.9 years. Significant correlations were found between birthweight and length of neonates, birthweight and gravida, birthweight and maternal age. Indians have a higher incidence of low birthweight or small-for-gestational age infants (14.5 percent) compared to the Chinese (5.6 percent) and the Malays (7.6 percent); the incidence of low birthweights being higher in girls than in boys. Present-day Malay and Indian full-term male and female infants are significantly heavier than their counterparts born at the same Hospital two decades ago, but no difference in birthweight was observed for Chinese infants during this time interval. The gap between the incidence of low birthweight found in Malaysia and those in the developed countries seems to be narrowing and this may be taken to reflect the overall effects of socioeconomic development, including the greater availability of general health and ante-natal care throughout the country since its Independence in 1957.
    Matched MeSH terms: Birth Weight*; Infant, Low Birth Weight
  9. Fulltext The role of intravenous nutrition in low birth-weight infants
    Abidin Z, Kuhan N
    Med J Malaysia, 1984 Sep;39(3):192-6.
    PMID: 6443580
    Seven infants with birth weights less than lS00g received total parenteral nutrition for seven to 16 days through the peripheral route, commencing within the first 24 hours of life. Excessive weight loss was prevented and the infants showed significant weight gain. The time required to regain the initial birth weight showed an improvement over that expected in conventionally managed infants. Metabolic and septic complications were minimal and easily manageable. The results demonstrate that the technique, when properly used, warrants consideration in feeding low birth weight infants incapable of tolerating enteral feeding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Low Birth Weight*
  10. Fulltext Haemoglobin Levels in Early Life among Infants with and without Retinopathy of Prematurity
    Pheng E, Lim ZD, Tai Li Min E, Rostenberghe HV, Shatriah I
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 07 01;18(13).
    PMID: 34280989 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137054
    Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative retinal vascular disorder attributed to an ischaemic stimulus in preterm infants. Haemoglobin, the main component for oxygen transportation, may be implicated in ROP development. This retrospective study compared the mean weekly haemoglobin levels between infants with and without ROP over the first six weeks of life. Premature infants of less than 32 weeks gestational age and less than 1.5 kg birth weight were grouped into age and birth weight-matched ROP cases and controls. Weekly mean haemoglobin levels were documented. An independent t-test was used to analyze the difference in mean haemoglobin levels between infants with ROP and infants without ROP. Adjustment for confounders was performed using one-way analysis of covariance. There was a statistically significant difference in adjusted mean haemoglobin levels between the ROP and non-ROP group during the first week of life (p = 0.038). No significant intergroup differences were observed at the other weeks. Haemoglobin monitoring during the first week of postnatal life may be useful to guide ROP screening in premature infants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Birth Weight; Infant, Low Birth Weight
  11. Analysis of birth weight data from the Malaysian Family Life Survey II
    Awang Mahmud AB, Sallam AA
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 1999;11(2):71-6.
    PMID: 11195161 DOI: 10.1177/101053959901100204
    An analysis of birth weight was undertaken on secondary data derived from the Malaysian Family Life Survey II. A total of 1629 last singleton live birth infants was analysed with the aim of identifying from the variables available potential risk factors for low birth weight. Univariate and subsequently multivariate analyses were carried out for this purpose. The incidence of low birth weight was 11.8 percent. Race, parity and prematurity were found to be significantly associated with low birth weight after controlling of the other variables. The findings indicate that more work needs to be done to establish the underlying reasons for low birth weight in Malaysia.
    Study name: Malaysian Family Life Survey (MFLS-2)
    Matched MeSH terms: Birth Weight*; Infant, Low Birth Weight*
  12. Fulltext Birth weight distribution, mean birth weights, and Low Birth Weights among various ethnic groups in Malaysian newborns
    Yadav H
    Singapore Med J, 1983 Jun;24(3):145-9.
    PMID: 6635677
    The birth weight distribution, mean birth weight and incidence of LBW amongst the various ethnic groups in Malaysia is described briefly. The data collected and analysed is hospital data where all deliveries in 1980 were analysed. The mean birth weight showed that the Chinese had the highest Mean Birth Weight amongst the three ethnic groups and the Indians had the lowest mean birth weights. The overall incidence of LBW was 11.8% and the Malay and Indian babies constituted the high
    incidence of LBW whereas the Chinese had a low incidence of LBW babies in the study. Amongst the various ethnic groups the Indians had a higher incidence of LBW compared to the Chinese and Malays.
    Matched MeSH terms: Birth Weight*; Infant, Low Birth Weight*
  13. Birthweight and early neonatal health: Bangladesh perspective
    Ullah A, Barman A, Haque J, Khanum M, Bari I
    Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 2009 Nov;23(6):542-7.
    PMID: 19840290 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01063.x
    It has been suggested that a birthweight limit of 2.5 kg should not be regarded as valid for all populations as the cut-off point of low-weight births because of demographic, genetic and environmental differences. Countries often choose alternative cut-off values for low birthweight for clinical purposes. Bangladesh also needs to choose a convenient cut-off value for low birthweight. A total of 770 live singleton full-term normal newborns were included in this study by stratified sampling; birthweight was measured using the Detecto-type baby weight machine. Newborns were followed up to the end of their first week of life. For data collection a pretested structured questionnaire and an Apgar Score estimating checklist were used. Chi-square test was applied to assess the association of different birthweight strata and neonatal health outcomes. Multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the independent effects of different levels of birthweight on early neonatal health. The neonates having birthweight < or = 2 kg had a significantly higher risk of early neonatal mortality and morbidity than the higher level birthweight group. Birth asphyxia was the commonest cause of early neonatal mortality and morbidity. Borderline birthweight (>2 to <2.5 kg) neonates experienced the same mortality and morbidity rates as the normal birthweight neonates during their early neonatal life. Birthweight < or = 2 kg may be one of the criteria for admission to a neonatal intensive care unit whereas more than 2 kg may not require admission unless otherwise necessary.
    Matched MeSH terms: Birth Weight*; Infant, Low Birth Weight*
  14. Perinatal factors, birth weight, and pyloric stenosis of infancy
    Rogers IM
    J Pediatr Surg, 2023 Feb;58(2):362.
    PMID: 36220749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.09.001
    Matched MeSH terms: Birth Weight
  15. Fulltext Factors associated with birth weights among infants
    Rusnani Ab Latif
    The Malaysian Journal of Nursing, 2018;9(103):45-53.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Birth weight is the single most important factor which determines infant morbidity and
    mortality. Birth weight of the newborn is believed to be influenced by several factors. Therefore, it is
    important to understand the possible factors that influence birth weight.

    Methodology: The respondents were 230 postnatal mothers who participated in this study. A selfadministered
    questionnaire was used for interviewing the postnatal mothers. One Way Analysis of
    Variance (ANOVA), Chi-square tests and the independent t-test were used. Statistically significant data
    were those that had a p- value < 0.05.

    Results: The mean birth weight was 3080.02±400.61g. The incidence of low birth weight (LBW) was
    12.6%. By using One-Way ANOVAtest, the factors that were found to be significantly associated with birth
    weight (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Birth Weight; Infant, Low Birth Weight
  16. Fulltext Reproductive and behavioural risk factors of low birth weight among newborns in Al Thawra Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen
    Idris I, Sheryan M, Ghazali Q, Nawi A
    East Mediterr Health J, 2020 Nov 11;26(11):1415-1419.
    PMID: 33226110 DOI: 10.26719/emhj.20.061
    Background: Low birth weight can lead to infant death, especially during the first year of life.

    Aims: To assess risk factors related to low birth weight babies in Sana'a, Yemen.

    Methods: We conducted an unmatched case-control study of 252 women who came for delivery at Al Thawra Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen, between August and October 2016.

    Results: Significant risk factors for low birth weight were: birth interval < 2 years; history of pre-eclampsia during current pregnancy; preterm gestational age < 37 weeks; and khat chewing or smoking during pregnancy. After controlling for all the confounders, only birth interval < 2 years was significantly associated with low birth weight.

    Conclusion: Shorter birth interval is an important risk factor for low birth weight; therefore, improving maternal awareness of this should be emphasized during postnatal follow-up.

    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Low Birth Weight*
  17. Fulltext Effect of multi-pronged interventions in reducing low birth weight and maternal anaemia among pregnant women. A community-based interventions research in non-agrarian resource constrained setting of rural Pakistan
    Thaver I, Ahmad AM, Ashraf M, Asghar SK, Mirza MS
    J Pak Med Assoc, 2020 Dec;70(12(A)):2092-2101.
    PMID: 33475578 DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.1218
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect on maternal and infant health of iron plus folate and multiple micronutrient supplements, along with deworming and health education session provided to pregnant women in rural, nonagrarian and food-insecure areas.

    METHODS: The quasi-experimental study was conducted in Tharparker and Umerkot districts, Sindh, Pakistan, in 2013-14, and comprised pregnant women in their earlier weeks of pregnancy. The enrolment and follow-up phase entailed 3 visits to each subject. Areas covered by lady health workers were designated as intervention areas, and those with non-LHW population were labelled as non-intervention areas.

    RESULTS: Of the 1204 subjects, 600(49.8%) were in the intervention group and 604(50.2%) were in the nonintervention group. By the end of the follow-up phase, significantly more women had increased number of meals in the intervention group compared to the non-intervention group (p<0.001). There was a significantly higher increase in mean haemoglobin levels and body mass index of women in the intervention arm after 3 and 6 months of interventions (p<0.05). Significantly higher mean birth weight was recorded in intervention areas compared to nonintervention areas (p<0.05).

    CONCLUSIONS: Community-based provision of multiple micronutrients to women along with deworming, health education and dietary counselling significantly reduced the prevalence of anaemia and reduced the incidence of low birth weight.

    Matched MeSH terms: Birth Weight; Infant, Low Birth Weight
  18. Fulltext A 2-year study of neonatal mortality in a large Malaysian hospital
    Boo NY, Nasri NM, Cheong SK, Sivamohan N
    Singapore Med J, 1991 Apr;32(2):142-7.
    PMID: 2042076
    A 2-year study was carried out in the Maternity Hospital, Kuala Lumpur to determine the neonatal mortality rates. This Hospital functions both as the local service centre as well as the national referral centre in Malaysia. Its neonatal services, however, were equipped and manned at those below Level III perinatal centre. During the study period 52, 877 livebirths took place in the Hospital. In 1987 and 1988 respectively, the low birthweight (less than 2500 gm) rates were: 112.8 and 101.9 per 1000 livebirths, very low birthweight (less than 1500 gm) rates: 11.1 and 8.8 per 1000 livebirths, neonatal mortality rates: 12.5 and 10.7 per 1000 livebirths and neonatal mortality risk ratio: 1.15 and 1.27. There was significant difference in mortality rates among the Malay, Chinese and Indian babies born in this hospital: the Indians had the highest and the Chinese the lowest rates. Babies delivered by breech or lower segment Caesarean section (LSCS) also had significantly higher mortality than those delivered by other modes of delivery. Low birthweight neonates constituted less than 45% of the total special care nursery admission but contributed to more than 70% of the total neonatal deaths. The common causes of neonatal deaths were problems of prematurity, infection, asphyxia and congenital malformations. Preterm and low birthweight neonates died primarily from problems of prematurity or infection. Term and larger neonates died mainly from asphyxia. More than 75% of the neonatal deaths occurred before 7 days of life. Improvement of antenatal care in the community and upgrading of perinatal services in this Hospital could help to lower the morbidity and mortality due to preventable causes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Birth Weight; Infant, Low Birth Weight
  19. Low birth weight in Kuala Lumpur
    Tahir HM, Ismail NN, Gebbie DA
    Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol, 1991 Jun;17(2):135-42.
    PMID: 1867582
    Low birth weight babies are defined as those weighing under 2,500 g. They make 13.5% of all births at the Maternity Hospital, Kuala Lumpur but contribute to 74.8% of all deaths. They are most likely to be Indian babies and least likely to be Chinese. Among all 3 communities, the primigravidae tend to produce smaller babies than multiparae but this is also true for the Indian of parity more than 3. The Malay teenager is more likely to produce small babies than their older counterparts but not so with the Indian and Chinese. There are definite clinical factors associated with or causing the births of small babies and the lighter the baby, the more influential are these factors. Maternal hypertension, antepartum haemorrhage, multiple pregnancy and unexplained intrauterine death are the 4 outstanding associations with both low birth weight and perinatal death. Although the spontaneous (often premature) onset of labour was the commonest preceding factor, it was much less important in the lowest birth weight groups of babies and was a less important contributor to perinatal death.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Low Birth Weight*
  20. Birth weight and the effects of birth spacing and breastfeeding on infant mortality
    Millman SR, Cooksey EC
    Stud Fam Plann, 1987 Jul-Aug;18(4):202-12.
    PMID: 3629662 DOI: 10.2307/1966871
    Analyses previously reported, based on data from the World Fertility Survey (WFS), are replicated here with data from the Malaysian Family Life Survey. Comparison of results, when data limitations inherent in the World Fertility Surveys are reproduced or relaxed, suggests that these limitations cause little distortion, and thus bolsters confidence in the validity of results based on WFS data in which these limitations are inescapable. Generalizations based on the present investigation and on the body of previous work that it tends to validate are presented. Most significantly, these include the greater importance of both breastfeeding and birth spacing under generally unfavorable conditions, the variability of durations to which some benefit of continued breastfeeding persists, and the observation that the great majority of birth-spacing effects operate through some mechanism other than the association of breastfeeding with birth interval lengths.
    PIP: Analyses previously reported, based on data from the World Fertility Survey (WFS) are replicated with data from the Malaysian Family Life Survey, based on a stratified probability sample for 1,262 ever-married women 50 years of age in Peninsular Malaysia. Comparison of the results, when data limitations inherent in the WFS are reproduced or relaxed, suggests that these limitations cause little distortion, and thus bolsters confidence in the validity of results based on WFS data in which these limitations are inescapable. Generalizations based on the present investigation and on the body of previous work that it tends to validate are presented. The greater importance of both breastfeeding and birth spacing under generally unfavorable conditions becomes clear. The relationship between breastfeeding and survival for all births, as well as for the last 2 births, emphasized in this model, has a logit coefficint significant at the .01 level for the 1st month of life as well as the period from birth to 1 year. The durations to which some benefit of continued breastfeeding persists, are variable. In countries where the situation generally is more favorable to child survival, as indicated by rates of infant mortality, breastfeeding's positive effects on child survival are less significant. Breastfeeding promotion and continuation should be the goal especially for programs operating among very poor groups. The great majority of birth spacing effects operate through some mechanism other than the association of breastfeeding with birth interval lengths, as indicated by the fact that significant survival advantages are often associated with birth spacing after controlling for breastfeeding
    Matched MeSH terms: Birth Weight*
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