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Fulltext Metaproteomic analysis of human gut microbiota: where are we heading?

Lee PY, Chin SF, Neoh HM, Jamal R

J Biomed Sci, 2017 Jun 12;24(1):36.
PMID: 28606141 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0342-z

The human gut is home to complex microbial populations that change dynamically in response to various internal and external stimuli. The gut microbiota provides numerous functional benefits that are crucial for human health but in the setting of a disturbed equilibrium, the microbial community can cause deleterious outcomes such as diseases and cancers. Characterization of the functional activities of human gut microbiota is fundamental to understand their roles in human health and disease. Metaproteomics, which refers to the study of the entire protein collection of the microbial community in a given sample is an emerging area of research that provides informative details concerning functional aspects of the microbiota. In this mini review, we present a summary of the progress of metaproteomic analysis for studying the functional role of gut microbiota. This is followed by an overview of the experimental approaches focusing on fecal specimen for metaproteomics and is concluded by a discussion on the challenges and future directions of metaproteomic research.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Fulltext Diet contributes to urban-induced alterations in gut microbiota: experimental evidence from a wild passerine

Teyssier A, Matthysen E, Hudin NS, de Neve L, White J, Lens L

Proc Biol Sci, 2020 02 12;287(1920):20192182.
PMID: 32019440 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2182

Urban sprawl increasingly affects the ecology of natural populations, including host-microbiota interactions, with observed differences in the gut microbiota between urban and rural hosts. While different mechanisms could explain this pattern, dietary uptake constitutes a likely candidate. To assess the contribution of diet in explaining urban-rural variation in gut microbiota, we performed an aviary experiment in which urban and rural house sparrows were fed with mimics of urban or rural diets. Before the experiment, rural sparrows hosted more diverse gut communities, with a higher relative abundance of Enterococcaceae and Staphylococcaceae and lower abundance of genes involved in xenobiotic degradation and lipid metabolism than their urban counterparts. The experimental diets significantly altered gut microbiota α- and β-diversity and taxonomic composition, with the strongest shifts occurring in individuals exposed to contrasting diets. Overall, diet-induced shifts resembled initial differences between free-ranging urban and rural hosts. Furthermore, rural diet had a positive impact on urban host body mass but only in hosts with the highest initial gut diversity. Overall, our results indicate that diet constitutes an important factor contributing to differences in gut microbiota along the urbanization gradient and provide new insights on possible fitness consequences of a reduced gut diversity in urban settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
RATIO OF MAIN PHYLOTYPES OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE DEPENDING ON THE BODY MASS INDEX

Fadieienko GD, Chereliuk NI, Galchinskaya VY

Wiad Lek, 2021;74(3 cz 1):523-528.
PMID: 33813462

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To analyze the status of Gut microbiota (GM) at the level of the main phylotypes in patients with NAFLD, depending on the body mass index (BMI) and gender in comparison with a group of practically healthy individuals.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study involved 120 patients with NAFLD, who were divided into two groups depending on BMI and the control group containing 20 practically healthy individuals.
RESULTS: Results: In patients with NAFLD with comorbid obesity, a statistically significant increase in the relative amount of Firmicutes (52.12 [42.38; 67.39]%) and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (3.75 [1.7; 9.5]) against the background of a significant decrease in the amount of Bacteroidetes (13.41 [7.45; 26.07]%); in NAFLD patients with overweight, the relative amount of Firmicutes was 49.39 [37.47; 62.73]%, Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes ratio was 1.98 [1.15; 5.92], and the relative amount of Bacteroidetes was 23.69 [12.11; 36.16]%. In the control group, the distribution of the basic GM phylotypes was significantly different; the relative amount of Bacteroidetes was almost the same as of Firmicutes - 34.65 [24.58; 43.53]% and 29.97 [22.52; 41.75]% respectively, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was 0.64 [0.52; 1.47].
CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The most statistically significant changes in the composition of IM occur due to the increase in the relative amount of Firmicutes and the ratio of Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes against the background of a decrease in the relative amount of Bacteroidetes. These changes were directly proportional to the increase in BMI, but had no gender features.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Fulltext Effects of Vitamin E on the Gut Microbiome in Ageing and Its Relationship with Age-Related Diseases: A Review of the Current Literature

Gothandapani D, Makpol S

Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Sep 28;24(19).
PMID: 37834115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914667

Ageing is inevitable in all living organisms and is associated with physical deterioration, disease and eventually death. Dysbiosis, which is the alteration of the gut microbiome, occurs in individuals during ageing, and plenty of studies support that gut dysbiosis is responsible for the progression of different types of age-related diseases. The economic burden of age-linked health issues increases as ageing populations increase. Hence, an improvement in disease prevention or therapeutic approaches is urgently required. In recent years, vitamin E has garnered significant attention as a promising therapeutic approach for delaying the ageing process and potentially impeding the development of age-related disease. Nevertheless, more research is still required to understand how vitamin E affects the gut microbiome and how it relates to age-related diseases. Therefore, we gathered and summarized recent papers in this review that addressed the impact of the gut microbiome on age-related disease, the effect of vitamin E on age-related disease along with the role of vitamin E on the gut microbiome and the relationship with age-related diseases which are caused by ageing. Based on the studies reported, different bacteria brought on various age-related diseases with either increased or decreased relative abundances. Some studies have also reported the positive effects of vitamin E on the gut microbiome as beneficial bacteria and metabolites increase with vitamin E supplementation. This demonstrates how vitamin E is vital as it affects the gut microbiome positively to delay ageing and the progression of age-related diseases. The findings discussed in this review will provide a simplified yet deeper understanding for researchers studying ageing, the gut microbiome and age-related diseases, allowing them to develop new preclinical and clinical studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Combined effect of salinity and hypoxia on digestive enzymes and intestinal microbiota in the oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis

Xie Z, Li Y, Xiong K, Tu Z, Waiho K, Yang C, et al.

Environ Pollut, 2023 Aug 15;331(Pt 2):121921.
PMID: 37263564 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121921

Anthropologic activities caused frequent eutrophication in coastal and estuarine waters, resulting in diel-cycling hypoxia. Given global climate change, extreme weather events often occur, thus salinity fluctuation frequently breaks out in these waters. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of salinity and hypoxia on intestinal microbiota and digestive enzymes of Crassostrea hongkongensis. Specifically, we sequenced 16 S rRNA of intestinal microbiota and measured the digestive enzymes trypsin (TRS), lipase (LPS) and amylase (AMY) in oysters exposed for 28 days to three salinities (10, 25 and 35) and two dissolved oxygen conditions, normoxia (6 mg/L) and hypoxia (6 mg/L for 12 h, 2 mg/L for 12 h). Oysters in normoxia and salinity of 25 were treated as control. After 28-day exposure, for microbial components, Fusobacteriota, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota comprised the majority for all experimental groups. Compared with the control group, the diversity and structure of intestinal microbiota tended to change in all treated groups. The species richness in C. hongkongensis intestine also changed. It was the most significant that high salinity increased Proteobacteria proportion while low salinity and hypoxia increased Fusobacteriota but decreased Proteobacteria, respectively. Additionally, Actinobacteriota was sensitive and changed under environmental stressor (P

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Fulltext Distinct gut microbiota composition among older adults with myocardial ageing

Wong JJ, Purbojati RW, Tan RS, Pettersson S, Koh AS

ESC Heart Fail, 2022 Dec;9(6):4366-4368.
PMID: 36071622 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14139
Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Fulltext Gut Microbiota Disruption in COVID-19 or Post-COVID Illness Association with severity biomarkers: A Possible Role of Pre / Pro-biotics in manipulating microflora

Alharbi KS, Singh Y, Hassan Almalki W, Rawat S, Afzal O, Alfawaz Altamimi AS, et al.

Chem Biol Interact, 2022 May 01;358:109898.
PMID: 35331679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109898

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a coronavirus-induced illness attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, is thought to have first emerged on November 17, 2019. According to World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 has been linked to 379,223,560 documented occurrences and 5,693,245 fatalities globally as of 1st Feb 2022. Influenza A virus that has also been discovered diarrhea and gastrointestinal discomfort was found in the infected person, highlighting the need of monitoring them for gastro intestinal tract (GIT) symptoms regardless of whether the sickness is respiration related. The majority of the microbiome in the intestines is Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, while Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes are found in the lungs. Although most people overcome SARS-CoV-2 infections, many people continue to have symptoms months after the original sickness, called Long-COVID or Post COVID. The term "post-COVID-19 symptoms" refers to those that occur with or after COVID-19 and last for more than 12 weeks (long-COVID-19). The possible understanding of biological components such as inflammatory, immunological, metabolic activity biomarkers in peripheral blood is needed to evaluate the study. Therefore, this article aims to review the informative data that supports the idea underlying the disruption mechanisms of the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute COVID-19 or post-COVID-mediated elevation of severity biomarkers.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Happy ageing by trusting our gut microbes

Jayaraman A, Pettersson S

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2022 Dec 10;633:88-91.
PMID: 36344172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.026

The human gut microbiota comprises of trillions of micro-organisms in the gut some which secrete metabolites that play a pivotal role in supporting optimal body and organ functions. These dynamic and malleable gut microbes share a bidirectional relationship with their hosts that supports health in an age- and sex-dependent manner. Disruption of the gut microbiota or decrease in their diversity and richness due to unhealthy changes in lifestyle, diet or social disconnection, always results in unwanted outcomes on the host health which fuel chronic disease symptoms including neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, impairment of gut microbiota composition, results in organ decline that accelerates an individual's biological ageing. Here we review evidence supporting the bidirectional relationships between the gut microbiota and biological ageing.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Fulltext Effect of Plant-Based Diets on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies

Sidhu SRK, Kok CW, Kunasegaran T, Ramadas A

Nutrients, 2023 Mar 21;15(6).
PMID: 36986240 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061510

Plant-based diets have grown increasingly popular across the globe, mainly for their health and environmental benefits. Several studies have identified a link between plant-based diets and the decreased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and other health issues. We systematically reviewed human interventions to identify the relationship between various plant-based food items and the gut microbiome, alongside the biochemical and anthropometric measurements as secondary findings. The study selection process was completed using the COVIDENCE platform. Overall, 203 studies were identified, of which 101 were chosen for title and abstract screening by two independent authors. Following this process, 78 studies were excluded, and the full texts and the reference lists of the remaining 23 records were reviewed using the review eligibility criteria. A manual search yielded five additional articles. In the end, 12 studies were included in the systematic review. We found evidence for short- to moderate-term beneficial effects of plant-based diets versus conventional diets (duration ≤ 13 months) on gut microbiome composition and biochemical and anthropometric measurements in healthy participants as well as obese, cardiovascular, and rheumatoid arthritis patients. However, contradictory results were observed for Enterobacteriaceae, at the family level, and for Faecalibacterium and Coprococcus, at the genus level, of gut microbiome composition. The relationship between plant-based diets and the gut microbiome, alongside their underlying metabolic and inflammatory effects, remains largely unexplored. Hence more interventional studies are needed to address these questions.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Fulltext Diet Gut Microbiota Axis in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Recent Evidence

Kunasegaran T, Balasubramaniam VRMT, Arasoo VJT, Palanisamy UD, Ramadas A

Curr Nutr Rep, 2023 Mar;12(1):203-214.
PMID: 36810808 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00453-4

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Although gut microbiota have been associated with the etiology of some diseases, the influence of foods on gut microbiota, especially among pregnant women, remains unclear. Hence, a systematic review was performed to investigate the association between diet and gut microbiota and their influence on metabolic health in pregnant women.
RECENT FINDINGS: We performed the systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 protocol to investigate the association between diet and gut microbiota and their influence on metabolic role in pregnant women. Five databases were searched for relevant peer-reviewed articles published in English since 2011. Two-staged screening of 659 retrieved records resulted in the inclusion of 10 studies. The collated findings suggested associations between nutrient intakes and four key microbes: Collinsella, Lachnospira, Sutterella, Faecalibacterium, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in pregnant women. Dietary intakes in pregnancy were found to modify the gut microbiota and positively influence the cell metabolism in pregnant women. This review, however, emphasizes the importance of conducting well-designed prospective cohorts to investigate the role of changes in dietary intakes within the pregnancy and the influence of such changes on gut microbiota.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
New clues for postbiotics to improve host health: a review from the perspective of function and mechanisms

Yan R, Zeng X, Shen J, Wu Z, Guo Y, Du Q, et al.

J Sci Food Agric, 2024 Aug 30;104(11):6376-6387.
PMID: 38450745 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13444

Strain activity and stability severely limit the beneficial effects of probiotics in modulating host health. Postbiotics have emerged as a promising alternative as they can provide similar or even enhanced efficacy to probiotics, even under inactivated conditions. This review introduces the ingredients, preparation, and identification techniques of postbiotics, focusing on the comparison of the advantages and limitations between probiotics and postbiotics based on their mechanisms and applications. Inactivation treatment is the most significant difference between postbiotics and probiotics. We highlight the use of emerging technologies to inactivate probiotics, optimize process conditions to maintain the activity of postbiotics, or scale up their production. Postbiotics have high stability which can overcome unfavorable factors, such as easy inactivation and difficult colonization of probiotics after entering the intestine, and are rapidly activated, allowing continuous and rapid optimization of the intestinal microecological environment. They provide unique mechanisms, and multiple targets act on the gut-organ axis, co-providing new clues for the study of the biological functions of postbiotics. We summarize the mechanisms of action of inactivated lactic acid bacteria, highlighting that the NF-κB and MAPK pathways can be used as immune targeting pathways for postbiotic modulation of host health. Generally, we believe that as the classification, composition, and efficacy mechanism of postbiotics become clearer they will be more widely used in food, medicine, and other fields, greatly enriching the dimensions of food innovation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Fulltext Development of live biotherapeutic products: a position statement of Asia-Pacific Microbiota Consortium

Tseng CH, Wong S, Yu J, Lee YY, Terauchi J, Lai HC, et al.

Gut, 2025 Apr 07;74(5):706-713.
PMID: 40011030 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-334501

OBJECTIVE: Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) are biological products composed of living micro-organisms, developed to prevent, treat, or cure diseases. Examples include cultured strains of Akkermansia muciniphila and Christensenella minuta, as well as treatments using purified Firmicutes spores for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections. There is a need for guidelines over the increasing interest in developing LBPs. A panel of microbiome experts from Asia-Pacific countries articulates their perspectives on key considerations for LBP development.
DESIGN: Experts in microbiome research, microbiology, gastroenterology, internal medicine and biotherapeutics industry were invited to form a panel. During the 2023 Inauguration Conference of the Asia-Pacific Microbiota Consortium, an organised, iterative roundtable discussion was conducted to build expert consensus on critical issues surrounding the development of LBP.
RESULTS: The consensus statements were organised into three main aspects: (a) rationales of LBP development, (b) preclinical studies and (c) preparation for clinical studies. The panel strongly recommended to prioritise human-derived and food-sourced strains for development, with indications based on clinical need and efficacy shown in studies. Preclinical evaluation should involve thorough screening, genotyping and phenotyping, as well as comprehensive in vitro and animal studies to assess functional mechanisms and microbiological safety. Rigorous cell banking practices and genetic monitoring are essential to ensure product consistency and safety throughout the manufacturing process. Clinical trials, including postmarketing surveillance, must be carefully designed and closely monitored, with robust safety and risk management protocols in place.
CONCLUSIONS: The development of LBP should be approached with a strong emphasis on microbiological evaluation, clinical relevance, scientific mechanisms and safety at every stage. These measures are essential to ensure the safety, effectiveness and long-term success of the product.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Fulltext Warming-driven migration of enterotypes mediates host health and disease statuses in ectotherm Litopenaeus vannamei

Zeng S, Huang Z, Kriengkrai S, Zhou R, Yuan D, Tuấn NV, et al.

Commun Biol, 2025 Jan 26;8(1):126.
PMID: 39865129 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-025-07558-2

Global warming has threatened all-rounded hierarchical biosphere by reconstructing eco-structure and bringing biodiversity variations. Pacific white shrimp, a successful model of worldwide utilizing marine ectothermic resources, is facing huge losses due to multiple diseases relevant to intestinal microbiota (IM) dysbiosis during temperature fluctuation. However, how warming mediates shrimp health remains poorly understood. Herein, a global shrimp IM catalogue was conducted via 1,369 shrimp IM data from nine countries, including 918 samples from previously published data and 451 generated in the study. Shrimp IMs were stratified into three enterotypes with distinctive compositions and functions, dominated by Vibrio, Shewanella and Candidatus Bacilloplasma, which showed an obvious distribution bias between enterotypes and diseases. The ratio of Vibrio and Candidatus Bacilloplasma was a crucial indicator for shrimp health. Moreover, temperature was the most driving factor for microbial composition, which potentially led to the migration of enterotypes, and high probability of white feces syndrome and low risk of hepatopancreas necrosis syndrome. Collectively, the warming-driven enterotypes mediated shrimp health, which exemplified the causal relationship between temperature rising and ectothermic animals' health. These findings enlarged the cognition of shrimp health culture management from a microecological perspective, and alerted the inevitable challenge of global warming to ectothermic animals.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
The effect of probiotics on the risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Kow CS, Ramachandram DS, Hasan SS

Inflammopharmacology, 2023 Dec;31(6):3327-3332.
PMID: 37848697 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01358-y

Probiotics have been hypothesized to play a beneficial role in modulating immune responses and gut microbiota in various clinical settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of probiotics in reducing all-cause mortality among patients diagnosed with COVID-19. We conducted a comprehensive search of the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for published studies, and medRxiv, Research Square, and SSRN for preprints. The search spanned from the inception of these databases to April 4, 2023. We included studies that investigated the use of probiotics as an intervention and their impact on all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19. A random-effects model meta-analysis was employed to estimate the pooled odds ratio, along with 95% confidence interval, to quantify the outcomes associated with probiotic use compared to other interventions. Our systematic review comprised six studies, encompassing a total of 642 patients. The meta-analysis, employing a random-effects model, demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality when probiotics were administered to patients with COVID-19, compared to those not receiving probiotics (pooled odds ratio = 0.44; 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.82). In conclusion, evidence derived from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicates a survival benefit associated with the use of probiotics among COVID-19 patients. However, it is essential to exercise caution and await data from large-scale randomized trials to definitively confirm the mortality benefits of probiotics in this patient population.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Fulltext The Interplay Between Obesity, Gut Microbiota and Early-onset Colorectal Cancer

Kendong SMA, Razali NN, Bo MS, Sarkawi M, Mokhtar MH, Hamid AA

In Vivo, 2026;40(6):3297-3310.
PMID: 42957227 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.14478

The global incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is rising at an alarming rate, particularly among individuals under the age of 50, referred to as early-onset CRC (EOCRC). While genetic predisposition accounts for approximately 20% of the total cases, the majority are influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors. Among these, the rising prevalence of obesity is a major modifiable contributor to EOCRC pathogenesis. This narrative review explores the multifaceted role of obesity in EOCRC, focusing on how diet-induced adiposity reshapes the gut microbiota and host metabolic signaling. We synthesize evidence on how obesity-associated dysbiosis, characterized by the depletion of protective, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and the enrichment of genotoxic pathobionts, compromises intestinal barrier integrity and promotes a "leaky gut" phenotype. In addition, we explore the systemic consequences of obesity-driven inflammation, including M1-polarized macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, dysregulated adipokine signaling, and the hyperactivation of the insulin-IGF-1 axis. By integrating epidemiological data with molecular mechanisms, this review highlights how the synergy between metabolic dysfunction and microbial alterations creates a fertile niche for early-onset carcinogenesis. These findings underscore the importance of targeting lifestyle interventions to mitigate the rising burden of obesity and reduce the risk of EOCRC progression.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Fulltext Mycobiome in the Gut: A Multiperspective Review

Chin VK, Yong VC, Chong PP, Amin Nordin S, Basir R, Abdullah M

Mediators Inflamm, 2020;2020:9560684.
PMID: 32322167 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9560684

Human gut is home to a diverse and complex microbial ecosystem encompassing bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and other microorganisms that have an undisputable role in maintaining good health for the host. Studies on the interplay between microbiota in the gut and various human diseases remain the key focus among many researchers. Nevertheless, advances in sequencing technologies and computational biology have helped us to identify a diversity of fungal community that reside in the gut known as the mycobiome. Although studies on gut mycobiome are still in its infancy, numerous sources have reported its potential role in host homeostasis and disease development. Nonetheless, the actual mechanism of its involvement remains largely unknown and underexplored. Thus, in this review, we attempt to discuss the recent advances in gut mycobiome research from multiple perspectives. This includes understanding the composition of fungal communities in the gut and the involvement of gut mycobiome in host immunity and gut-brain axis. Further, we also discuss on multibiome interactions in the gut with emphasis on fungi-bacteria interaction and the influence of diet in shaping gut mycobiome composition. This review also highlights the relation between fungal metabolites and gut mycobiota in human homeostasis and the role of gut mycobiome in various human diseases. This multiperspective review on gut mycobiome could perhaps shed new light for future studies in the mycobiome research area.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology*
Fulltext Crocodiles and alligators: physicians' answer to cancer?

Khan NA, Soopramanien M, Siddiqui R

Curr Oncol, 2019 06;26(3):186.
PMID: 31285664 DOI: 10.3747/co.26.4855
Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine-N-oxide: A bridge between dietary fatty acid and cardiovascular disease?

He M, Tan CP, Xu YJ, Liu Y

Food Res Int, 2020 12;138(Pt B):109812.
PMID: 33288187 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109812

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious disease that endangers human health and is one of the leading causes of death. Recent studies have reported that gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of CVD, especially its metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Dietary precursors, such as choline, L-carnitine, phosphatidylcholine and betaine were metabolized to trimethylamine (TMA) under the action of gut microbiota, and subsequently oxidized by hepatic flavin monooxygenases (FMOs) to form TMAO. Dietary fat is one of three major nutrients in food, has been found to have a positive or negative effect on the development of CVD. Multiple clinical and experimental evidences suggested that dietary fatty acids (FAs) can affect TMAO production through gut microbiota and/or FMO3 enzyme activity. This article summarizes the existing gut microbiota-mediated reduction of TMA, discusses the molecular mechanism of dietary FAs in the pathobiology of CVD from the view of TMAO. Therefore, this review provides new insight into the association of dietary FAs and CVD, paving the way for dietary FAs therapy for CVD.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Fulltext Dynamic microbiome evolution in social bees

Kwong WK, Medina LA, Koch H, Sing KW, Soh EJY, Ascher JS, et al.

Sci Adv, 2017 Mar;3(3):e1600513.
PMID: 28435856 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600513

The highly social (eusocial) corbiculate bees, comprising the honey bees, bumble bees, and stingless bees, are ubiquitous insect pollinators that fulfill critical roles in ecosystem services and human agriculture. Here, we conduct wide sampling across the phylogeny of these corbiculate bees and reveal a dynamic evolutionary history behind their microbiota, marked by multiple gains and losses of gut associates, the presence of generalist as well as host-specific strains, and patterns of diversification driven, in part, by host ecology (for example, colony size). Across four continents, we found that different host species have distinct gut communities, largely independent of geography or sympatry. Nonetheless, their microbiota has a shared heritage: The emergence of the eusocial corbiculate bees from solitary ancestors appears to coincide with the acquisition of five core gut bacterial lineages, supporting the hypothesis that host sociality facilitates the development and maintenance of specialized microbiomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology*
[ABDOMINAL OBESITY AND GUT MICROBIOTA (REVIEW)]

Miloslavsky D, Mysnychenko O, Penkova M, Schenyavska Е, Koval S

Georgian Med News, 2021 9 14.
PMID: 34511461

In review provides data on pathophysiological relationships of intestinal microbiota with body weight regulation in patients with abdominal obesity. In manuscript discusses the leading mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can contribute to obesity and metabolic diseases, analyzes its components, including gastrointestinal peptides, short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, farnesoid receptors, etc. Western diet high in salt, dysbiosis and endotoxemia can be powerful pro-inflammatory factors responsible for the development of insulin resistance and weight gain. It is promising to prescribe agonists of gastrointestinal peptides, probiotics and prebiotics, which in abdominal obesity are able to inhibit dysbiosis, regulate immune functions, and protect the organism from low-intensity chronic inflammation.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*

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