Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 88 in total

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  1. Omar N, Lim TS
    Methods Mol Biol, 2018;1701:25-44.
    PMID: 29116498 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7447-4_2
    This protocol describes the processes involved in the generation of human antibody libraries in Fab format. The antibody repertoire is derived from peripheral blood mononucleocytes focusing on different immunoglobulin isotypes. A two-step cloning process was used to generate a diverse human Fab library for subsequent selection by phage display. The method can be applied for the generation of both naive and immune antibody libraries. The naive repertoire allows for the library to be applied for the generation of human monoclonal antibodies against a broad range of target antigens making it a useful resource for antibody generation. However, the immune repertoire will be focused against target antigens from a particular disease. The protocol will focus on the generation of the library including the panning process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology*
  2. Reitsema RD, van der Geest KSM, Sandovici M, Jiemy WF, Graver JC, Abdulahad WH, et al.
    Rheumatology (Oxford), 2022 Dec 23;62(1):417-427.
    PMID: 35460236 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac250
    OBJECTIVES: Evidence from temporal artery tissue and blood suggests involvement of CD8+ T cells in the pathogenesis of GCA, but their exact role is poorly understood. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of circulating and lesional CD8+ T cells in GCA patients.

    METHODS: Circulating CD8+ T cells were analysed for differentiation status (CD45RO, CCR7), markers of activation (CD69 and CD25) and proliferation (Ki-67) in 14 newly diagnosed GCA patients and 18 healthy controls by flow cytometry. Proliferative capacity of CD8+ T cells upon anti-CD3 and anti-CD3/28 in vitro stimulation was assessed. Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients and controls (n = 3 each) was performed for mechanistic insight. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CD3, CD8, Ki-67, TNF-α and IFN-γ in GCA-affected tissues.

    RESULTS: GCA patients had decreased numbers of circulating effector memory CD8+ T cells but the percentage of Ki-67-expressing effector memory CD8+ T cells was increased. Circulating CD8+ T cells from GCA patients demonstrated reduced T cell receptor activation thresholds and displayed a gene expression profile that is concurrent with increased proliferation. CD8+ T cells were detected in GCA temporal arteries and aorta. These vascular CD8+ T cells expressed IFN-γ but not Ki-67.

    CONCLUSION: In GCA, circulating effector memory CD8+ T cells demonstrate a proliferation-prone phenotype. The presence of CD8+ T cells in inflamed arteries seems to reflect recruitment of circulating cells rather than local expansion. CD8+ T cells in inflamed tissues produce IFN-γ, which is an important mediator of local inflammatory responses in GCA.

    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
  3. Lai JY, Lim TS
    Methods Mol Biol, 2023;2702:39-58.
    PMID: 37679614 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3381-6_3
    Phage display has been applied successfully for the rapid isolation of monoclonal antibodies against various targets including infectious diseases, autoantigens, cancer markers, and even small molecules. The main component in any phage display experiment is the availability of an antibody library to carry out the selection process of target-specific antibodies through an iterative process termed as biopanning. To generate human antibody libraries, the antibody repertoire can be obtained from human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) or directly from cell-sorted B-cell populations. The choice of antibody isotype is dictated by the nature of the library. Naïve libraries would utilize IgM repertoires, whereas the IgG repertoire is commonly used for immune libraries. Antibody genes are amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and paired in a combinatorial fashion to expand the diversity of the cloned library repertoire. The protocol here describes the use of a two-step cloning method that can be applied for the construction of either a naïve or immune human antibody library in Fab format followed by the subsequent panning.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear*
  4. Song BPC, Lai JY, Lim TS
    Methods Mol Biol, 2024;2793:21-40.
    PMID: 38526721 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3798-2_2
    Phage display antibody libraries have been successfully used as the essential tool to produce monoclonal antibodies against a plethora of targets ranging from diseases to native biologically important proteins as well as small molecules. It is well documented that diverse antibody genes are the major genetic source for the construction of a high-quality antibody library and selection of high-affinity antibodies. Naïve antibody libraries are derived using the IgM repertoire of healthy donors obtained from B-cells isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). Single-chain fragment variable (scFv) is a routinely used format due to its smaller size and preference for phage display. The process involves the use of a two-step cloning method for library construction. The protocol also covers the biopanning process for target positive clone selection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear
  5. Wan Jamaludin WF, Mohamad Yusoff F, Ismail NA, Mohd Idris MR, Palaniappan S, Ng CKK, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2018 Apr;40(1):61-67.
    PMID: 29704386 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Immunosuppressive state due to haematological malignancies and chemotherapy may cause disruption to wound healing despite optimum conventional treatment and standard wound dressing. Non-healing wounds are predisposed to infection whereas chemotherapy dose reductions or interruptions are associated with poor survival.

    BACKGROUND: Mononuclear cells contain progenitor cells including haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells and fibroblasts which facilitate wound healing through cytokines, growth factor secretions, cell-cell interactions and provision of extracellular matrix scaffolding. Clinical applications of autologous mononuclear cells therapy in wound healing in non-malignant patients with critical limb ischaemia have been reported with remarkable outcome.

    METHODS: We report three patients with haematological malignancies undergoing chemotherapy, who received autologous mononuclear cells implantation to treat non-healing wound after optimum conventional wound care. The sources of mononuclear cells (MNC) were from bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PB) and mobilised PB cells (mPB-MNC) using granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). The cells were directly implanted into wound and below epidermis. Wound sizes and adverse effects from implantation were assessed at regular intervals.

    RESULTS: All patients achieved wound healing within three months following autologous mononuclear cells implantation. No implantation adverse effects were observed.

    CONCLUSIONS: Autologous mononuclear cells therapy is a feasible alternative to conventional wound care to promote complete healing in non-healing wounds compounded by morbid factors such as haematological malignancies, chemotherapy, diabetes mellitus (DM), infections and prolonged immobility.

    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/transplantation*
  6. Zulpa AK, Barathan M, Iyadorai T, Chandramathi S, Vellasamy KM, Vadivelu J, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Jun 01;38(2):180-185.
    PMID: 34172708 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.2.055
    Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease progressed from abnormal production of immature myeloid cells, which is often associated with concurrent infections after diagnosis. It was widely established that infections are the major contributors to mortality in this group due to the prevalency of neutropenia. Gram-negative Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. This disease had been reported in several neutropenic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy resulting in severe clinical presentations and high mortalities which is in need of critical attention. Studies show that cytokines are important mediators of melioidosis progression and low neutrophil counts are associated with progression of its severity. However, to date, there are no reports on cytokine production in neutropenic cancer patients who are prone to melioidosis. Hence, here we assessed the cytokine production in neutropenic AML patients by introducing B. pseudomallei to their peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture in vitro. We observed that inflammatory response related cytokines namely TNF-α, IFN-γ IL-6 and IL-10 were highly circulated in infected PBMCs suggesting that these cytokines may play important roles in the progression of severity in melioidosis infected neutropenic patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/microbiology
  7. Campanella G, Gunter MJ, Polidoro S, Krogh V, Palli D, Panico S, et al.
    Int J Obes (Lond), 2018 Dec;42(12):2022-2035.
    PMID: 29713043 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0064-7
    BACKGROUND: Obesity is an established risk factor for several common chronic diseases such as breast and colorectal cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases; however, the biological basis for these relationships is not fully understood. To explore the association of obesity with these conditions, we investigated peripheral blood leucocyte (PBL) DNA methylation markers for adiposity and their contribution to risk of incident breast and colorectal cancer and myocardial infarction.

    METHODS: DNA methylation profiles (Illumina Infinium® HumanMethylation450 BeadChip) from 1941 individuals from four population-based European cohorts were analysed in relation to body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip and waist-height ratio within a meta-analytical framework. In a subset of these individuals, data on genome-wide gene expression level, biomarkers of glucose and lipid metabolism were also available. Validation of methylation markers associated with all adiposity measures was performed in 358 individuals. Finally, we investigated the association of obesity-related methylation marks with breast, colorectal cancer and myocardial infarction within relevant subsets of the discovery population.

    RESULTS: We identified 40 CpG loci with methylation levels associated with at least one adiposity measure. Of these, one CpG locus (cg06500161) in ABCG1 was associated with all four adiposity measures (P = 9.07×10-8 to 3.27×10-18) and lower transcriptional activity of the full-length isoform of ABCG1 (P = 6.00×10-7), higher triglyceride levels (P = 5.37×10-9) and higher triglycerides-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (P = 1.03×10-10). Of the 40 informative and obesity-related CpG loci, two (in IL2RB and FGF18) were significantly associated with colorectal cancer (inversely, P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/chemistry
  8. Lam HY, Yusoff K, Yeap SK, Subramani T, Abd-Aziz S, Omar AR, et al.
    Int J Med Sci, 2014;11(12):1240-7.
    PMID: 25317070 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8170
    Immunotherapy has raised the attention of many scientists because it hold promise to be an attractive therapeutic strategy to treat a number of disorders. In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of low titers of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) AF2240 on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed. We evaluated cytokine secretion and PBMC activation by cell proliferation assay, immunophenotyping and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The proliferation of the human PBMC was measured to be 28.5% and 36.5% upon treatment with 8 hemaglutinin unit (HAU) and 2 HAU of NDV respectively. Interestingly, the percentage of cells with activating markers CD16 and CD56 were increased significantly. Furthermore, the intracellular perforin and granzyme levels were also increased upon virus infection. Human PBMC treated with NDV titer 8 HAU was found to stimulate the highest level of cytokine production including interferon-γ, interleukin-2 and interleukin-12. The release of these proteins contributes to the antitumor effect of PBMC against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Based on the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, activated human PBMC showed high cytolytic efficiency towards human breast tumor cells. In summary, NDV was able to stimulate PBMC proliferation, cytokine secretion and cytolytic activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology*; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
  9. Kuppusamy UR, Chong YL, Mahmood AA, Indran M, Abdullah N, Vikineswary S
    Indian J. Biochem. Biophys., 2009 Apr;46(2):161-5.
    PMID: 19517993
    Lentinula edodes (Berk) Pegler, commonly known as Shiitake mushroom has been used as medicinal food in Asian countries, especially in China and Japan and is believed to possess strong immunomodulatory property. In the present study, the methanolic extract of the fruit bodies of L. edodes was investigated for cytoprotective effect against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by measuring the activities of xanthine oxidase (XO) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) . H2O2 at a concentration of 5 microM caused 50% inhibition of PBMCs viability. The extract improved the PBMC viability and exerted a dose-dependent protection against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. At 100 microg/ml of extract concentration, the cell viability increased by 60% compared with the PBMCs incubated with H2O2 alone. The extract also inhibited XO activity in PBMC, while showing moderate stimulatory effect on GPx. However, in the presence of H2O2 alone, both the enzyme activities were increased significantly. The GPx activity increased, possibly in response to the increased availability of H2O2 in the cell. When the cells were pretreated with the extract and washed (to remove the extract) prior to the addition of H2O2, the GPx and XO activities as well as the cell viability were comparable to those when incubated with the extract alone. Thus, it is suggested that one of the possible mechanisms via which L. edodes methanolic extract confers protection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in PBMC is by inhibiting the superoxide-producing XO and increasing GPx activity which could rapidly inactivate H2O2.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects*; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/enzymology
  10. Abdul Rahman A, Abdul Karim N, Abdul Hamid NA, Harun R, Ngah WZ
    Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2013;2013:189129.
    PMID: 24381713 DOI: 10.1155/2013/189129
    Mechanisms determining both functional rate of decline and the time of onset in aging remain elusive. Studies of the aging process especially those involving the comparison of long-lived individuals and young controls are fairly limited. Therefore, this research aims to determine the differential gene expression profile in related individuals from villages in Pahang, Malaysia. Genome-wide microarray analysis of 18 samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from two groups: octo/nonagenarians (80-99 years old) and their offspring (50.2 ± 4.0 years old) revealed that 477 transcripts were age-induced and 335 transcripts were age-repressed with fold changes ≥1.2 in octo/nonagenarians compared to offspring. Interestingly, changes in gene expression were associated with increased capacity for apoptosis (BAK1), cell cycle regulation (CDKN1B), metabolic process (LRPAP1), insulin action (IGF2R), and increased immune and inflammatory response (IL27RA), whereas response to stress (HSPA8), damage stimulus (XRCC6), and chromatin remodelling (TINF2) pathways were downregulated in octo/nonagenarians. These results suggested that systemic telomere maintenance, metabolism, cell signalling, and redox regulation may be important for individuals to maintain their healthy state with advancing age and that these processes play an important role in the determination of the healthy life-span.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology*; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism*
  11. Nathan SA, Puthucheary SD
    Malays J Pathol, 2005 Jun;27(1):3-7.
    PMID: 16676686
    B. pseudomallei has been shown to persist intracellularly in melioidosis patients until reactivated by decreasing immunocompetence. We have shown by transmission electron microscopy the internalization of B. pseudomallei by human macrophages via conventional phagocytosis enclosed within membrane-bound vacuoles or phagosomes. Ferritin labeled lysosomes provided evidence of phagosome-lysosome fusion. Ingested bacilli were designated as "intact" or "damaged" on the basis of their ultrastructural features. An intact bacterium was seen with low electron opaque central nuclear region surrounded by dense bacterial cytoplasm, bounded externally by bacterial plasma membrane and cell wall. In contrast, B. pseudomallei were considered damaged when seen with cavitation within the central nuclear region, separation of bacterial cytoplasm from the cell wall, herniation of cytoplasmic contents and lamination of bacterial cell wall and its surrounding electron transparent zone. Our observations indicate that the microbicidal mechanism(s) in B. pseudomallei-infected macrophages failed to ensure complete clearance of the organism and this failure probably facilitates intracellular persistence and proliferation, and this may be one of the survival strategies adopted by this organism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/physiology*; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/ultrastructure*
  12. Lindsay A, Othman MI, Prebble H, Davies S, Gieseg SP
    Exp Physiol, 2016 07 01;101(7):851-65.
    PMID: 27094349 DOI: 10.1113/EP085795
    What is the central question of this study? Acute and repetitive cryotherapy are routinely used to accelerate postexercise recovery, although the effect on resident immune cells and repetitive exposure has largely been unexplored and neglected. What is the main finding and its importance? Using blood-derived mononuclear cells and semi-professional mixed martial artists, we show that acute and repetitive cryotherapy reduces the in vitro and in vivo T-cell and monocyte activation response whilst remaining independent of the physical performance of elite athletes. We investigated the effect of repetitive cryotherapy on the in vitro (cold exposure) and in vivo (cold water immersion) activation of blood-derived mononuclear cells following high-intensity exercise. Single and repeated cold exposure (5°C) of a mixed cell culture (T cells and monocytes) was investigated using in vitro tissue culture experimentation for total neopterin production (neopterin plus 7,8-dihydroneopterin). Fourteen elite mixed martial art fighters were also randomly assigned to either a cold water immersion (15 min at 10°C) or passive recovery protocol, which they completed three times per week during a 6 week training camp. Urine was collected and analysed for neopterin and total neopterin three times per week, and perceived soreness, fatigue, physical performance (broad jump, push-ups and pull-ups) and training performance were also assessed. Single and repetitive cold exposure significantly (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/physiology*
  13. Chin SF, Cheong SK
    Malays J Pathol, 1994 Jun;16(1):69-73.
    PMID: 16329579
    Several fixation and permeabilization techniques that enable the flow cytometric analysis of the cell contents have been introduced in recent years. These methods allow sensitive detection of intracellular antigens that facilitates the diagnosis of certain diseases. We have undertaken in this study to evaluate a simple method of fixation and permeabilization using 2% paraformaldehyde and Tween 20. Intracellular antigens in three different leukaemia cases were analysed. We found that the method was reliable and easy. Intracellular kappa light chains were found in abundance in a case of plasma cell leukaemia. CD3 and CD22 were found in greater amount intracellularly than on the surface in pre-T-ALL and pre-pre B-ALL respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology
  14. Salim E, Kumolosasi E, Jantan I
    J Nat Med, 2014 Jul;68(3):647-53.
    PMID: 24799081 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0841-0
    The inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts from 20 selected medicinal plants on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were evaluated. The major compound from the most active plant extract was also investigated. The inhibitory effect of the methanol extracts on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines was tested by incubating PBMCs with the sample and then stimulating by lipopolysaccharide at 0.1 μg/ml. The level of cytokines was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among the extracts tested, Andrographis paniculata extract demonstrated the strongest inhibition of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1α, and IL-6 release, with IC50 values of 1.54, 1.06, and 0.74 μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 value of A. paniculata extract was significantly higher than that of andrographolide on IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects*; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
  15. Hadzir SN, Ibrahim SN, Abdul Wahab RM, Zainol Abidin IZ, Senafi S, Ariffin ZZ, et al.
    Cytotherapy, 2014 May;16(5):674-82.
    PMID: 24176546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.07.013
    Suspension mononuclear cells (MNCs) can be differentiated into osteoblasts with the induction of ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of suspension MNCs to differentiate into osteoblasts using ascorbic acid only.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology*; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects*
  16. Yeap SK, Alitheen NB, Ali AM, Omar AR, Raha AR, Suraini AA, et al.
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2007 Dec 3;114(3):406-11.
    PMID: 17884317
    The study of bioactivity of natural product is one of the major researches for drug discovery. The aim of this finding was to study the proliferation effect of Rhaphidophora korthalsii methanol extract on human PBMC and subsequently the cytotoxic effect of activated PBMC toward HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma. In this present study, MTT assay, cell cycle study and Annexin 5 binding assay were used to study the immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects. In vitro cytotoxic screening of Rhaphidophora korthalsii methanol extract showed that the extract was non-toxic against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2). In contrast, the extract was able to stimulate the proliferation of human PBMC at 48 h and 72 h in MTT assay and cell cycle progress study. The application of immunomodulator in tumor research was studied by using MTT microcytotoxicity assay and flow cytometric Annexin V. Results indicated that pre-treated PBMC with Rhaphidophora korthalsii methanol extract induced the highest cytotoxicity (44.87+/-6.06% for MTT microcytotoxicity assay and 51.51+/-3.85% for Annexin V) toward HepG2. This finding demonstrates that Rhaphidophora korthalsii methanol extract are potent to stimulate the cytotoxic effect of immune cells toward HepG2.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects*; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
  17. Kuppusamy UR, Dharmani M, Kanthimathi MS, Indran M
    Biol Trace Elem Res, 2005 Jul;106(1):29-40.
    PMID: 16037608
    The trace elements copper, zinc, and selenium are important immune modulators and essential cofactors of the antioxidant enzymes. In the present study, the proliferative effect of human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that have been exposed to copper, zinc, and selenium and the corresponding activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase, were determined. Zinc and copper stimulated the PBMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner within the dose range 25-200 micromol/L. SOD and GPx activities in PBMCs exposed to zinc were inhibited, whereas catalase activity was unaffected. All the three antioxidant enzymes in the cells exposed to copper were inhibited. Selenium exerted more potent inhibition of the cell proliferation while causing stimulation of the antioxidant enzymes at the lowest dose (25 micromol/L) than at the highest dose (200 micromol/L) tested. A significant negative correlation was observed between proliferation and antioxidant enzyme (SOD and GPx) activities in trace-element-exposed PBMC. The present findings substantiate the importance of trace elements as immune modulators and the involvement of enzymatic antioxidant system in the immune cell regulation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology*; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects*
  18. Sabran A, Kumolosasi E, Jantan I
    Acta Pharm, 2019 Mar 01;69(1):75-86.
    PMID: 31259717 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0005
    Recent studies suggest that annexin A1 (ANXA1) promotes apoptosis in cancerous cells. This study aims to investigate the effects of ANXA1 on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in K562, Jurkat and U937 cells and peripheral blood mononu-clear cells (PBMC). Cells were treated with ANXA1 and cyclophosphamide prior to flow cytometry analysis for apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induction. At 2.5µM, ANXA1 induced significant apoptosis in K562 (p ≤ 0.001) and U937 (p ≤ 0.05) cells, with EC50 values of 3.6 and 3.8 µM, respectively. In Jurkat cells, induction was not significant (EC50, 17.0 µM). No significant apoptosis induction was observed in PBMC. ANXA1 caused cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in K562 and U937 cells with p ≤ 0.001 for both, and (p ≤ 0.01) for Jurkat cells. ANXA1 induced apoptosis and cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in K562 and U937 cells, causing only cell cycle arrest in Jurkat cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism*; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/physiology*
  19. Rajah T, Chow SC
    Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2014 Jul 15;278(2):100-6.
    PMID: 24768707 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.04.014
    The caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbony (Cbz)-l-Val-Ala-Asp (OMe)-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-FMK) has recently been shown to inhibit T cell proliferation without blocking caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation in primary T cells. We showed in this study that z-VAD-FMK treatment leads to a decrease in intracellular glutathione (GSH) with a concomitant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in activated T cells. The inhibition of anti-CD3-mediated T cell proliferation induced by z-VAD-FMK was abolished by the presence of low molecular weight thiols such as GSH, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and l-cysteine, whereas d-cysteine which cannot be metabolised to GSH has no effect. These results suggest that the depletion of intracellular GSH is the underlying cause of z-VAD-FMK-mediated inhibition of T cell activation and proliferation. The presence of exogenous GSH also attenuated the inhibition of anti-CD3-induced CD25 and CD69 expression mediated by z-VAD-FMK. However, none of the low molecular weight thiols were able to restore the caspase-inhibitory properties of z-VAD-FMK in activated T cells where caspase-8 and caspase-3 remain activated and processed into their respective subunits in the presence of the caspase inhibitor. This suggests that the inhibition of T cell proliferation can be uncoupled from the caspase-inhibitory properties of z-VAD-FMK. Taken together, the immunosuppressive effects in primary T cells mediated by z-VAD-FMK are due to oxidative stress via the depletion of GSH.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
  20. Das, Priscilla, Naing, Nyi Nyi, Nadiah Wan-Arfah, Noorjan, KON, Yee, Cheng Kueh, Rasalingam, Kantha
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Astrocytic gliomas are the most common and lethal intracranial brain tumours and rely on angiogenesis for the tumour development. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to the angiogenesis of glioma tumour. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the matured circulating endothelial cells population in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and its associations with tissue resident angiogenic cells in astrocytic glioma patients. Methods: A total of 22 astrocytic glioma patients were recruited from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Tumour were sliced and stained with CD133+ and VEGFA+ for angiogenic cells (n=22). The circulating (CD133-/VEGFR2+) matured endothelial cells in PBMCs (n=22) were quantified using FACS. The paired t-test and Pearson correlation test were used for the data analysis. Results: The angiogenic cells in brain tumour tissue were significantly higher compared to adjacent normal brain tissue (median 1.07±0.96% vs. median 0.69±0.68%; Wilcoxon signed rank test Z=-3.100; p=0.002). Positive correlation was found between the angiogenic cells of brain tumour tissue and adjacent normal brain tissue (Spearman’s rho correlation test, r=0.56; p=0.007). Significant positive correlation was found between matured endothelial cells in peripheral circulating systems and angiogenic cells in tumour of astrocytic glioma patients (Pearson correlation test, r=0.60, p=0.003).Conclusion:The findings of the study give support to the possible roles of EPCs in astrocytic glioma patients. Thus targeting tissue resident angiogenic cells and matured circulating endothelial cells by antiangiogenic treatment might be useful to prevent the tumour growth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukocytes, Mononuclear
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