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Fulltext Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among elderly patients in outpatient clinic of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital

Imran A, Azidah AK, Asrenee AR, Rosediani M

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):134-9.
PMID: 20058573 MyJurnal

Depression among elderly primary care patients is a serious problem with significant morbidity and mortality. This is a cross sectional study to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among the elderly patients attending the outpatient clinic, Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. This study utilized Malay version Geriatric Depression Scale 14 (M-GDS 14) to screen for elderly depression among Malaysian population. It also looked into associated risk factors for elderly depression using sociodemographic, family dynamics, and medically related questionnaires. Out of 244 subjects, 34 or 13.9% were found to have depression. Three variables were found to be significantly associated with depression. Elderly patient with any illness that limits the patient's activity or mobility has more risk of developing depression (OR 2.68 CI 1.15 - 6.24). Elderly patients who were satisfied with their personal incomes (OR 0.29 CI 0.10 - 0.85), and who had children or son/daughter-in-law to take care of them when they are sick (OR 0.10 CI 0.01 - 0.83) have a lower chance of having depression. Screening the elderly for depression, would help in diagnosing the elderly depression better and offer them the treatment needed.

Study site: Outpatient clinics, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)

Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients/statistics & numerical data*
Fulltext Proportion of dementia and its associated factors among elderly patients attending outpatient clinics of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital

Norlaily H, Azidah AK, Asrenee AR, Rohayah H, Juwita S

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):140-5.
PMID: 20058574 MyJurnal

The increase in life expectancy observed over the last decade has particular relevance for conditions such as cognitive decline and dementia. This is a cross sectional study to determine the rate of dementia and to identify its associated factors among 399 elderly patients attending outpatient clinics of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. This study was conducted in 2 phases. In the first phase, the literate subjects were screened using validated Malay version of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the illiterate subjects with Malay version of Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (ECAQ). All subjects suspected to have dementia were selected for further evaluation in phase 2 of this study. The second phase involved full clinical examination in order to establish clinical diagnosis of dementia. The proportion of dementia in this study was 2.5% (10). Although history of exposure to pesticide (p < 0.05) and history of stroke (p < 0.05) were significant, they were not significant factors. These were because vast discrepancy in number between those exposed to pesticide and having stroke between dementia and non dementia.

Study site: Outpatient clinics, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)

Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients/statistics & numerical data*
Comprehension of antibiotic instructions in an outpatient Malaysian practice

Hassan Y, Abd Aziz N, Sarriff A, Darwis Y, Ibrahim P

Hosp Pharm, 1994 Jan;29(1):48-50, 53.
PMID: 10131493

Patients may not comply with antibiotic instructions because they do not understand them. The aim of this study was to assess outpatients' ability to comprehend their antibiotic prescription labels. Two hundred and five subjects on oral antibiotic regimens from an outpatient clinic and pharmacy of a district hospital were selected in this survey. All patients were interviewed by trained clinical pharmacy students. They were asked to read the labels and then how they would take their antibiotics. The results show that 119 (58.1%) patients could interpret the label. Forty-nine (23.9%) patients knew the name of antibiotics and interpreted the directions of use correctly. One hundred sixteen (56.6%) subjects were able to recall the auxiliary information. However, only 44 (21.4%) patients were able to comprehend complete antibiotic instruction. This study demonstrates that a significant proportion of patients could not interpret the labeling instruction. The comprehension level of patients was low and significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the ability of patient to read the label contents. These observations illustrate the need for physicians and pharmacists to provide antibiotic instructions and review these instructions with the patient.

Study site: outpatient clinic and pharmacy of a district hospita

Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Factors associated with patient satisfaction towards pharmacy services among out-patients attending public health clinics: Questionnaire development and its application

Ismail A, Gan YN, Ahmad N

PLoS One, 2020;15(11):e0241082.
PMID: 33170854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241082

INTRODUCTION: Patient satisfaction is widely used to measure quality of healthcare by identifying potential areas for improvement. Aim of study is to assess patient satisfaction towards pharmacy services and its associated factors using newly developed questionnaire among outpatients attending public health clinics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Public Health Clinic Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PHC-PSQ) towards pharmacy services was developed using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's α. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 patients visiting the pharmacy in three randomly selected public health clinics recruited via systematic random sampling. Data was collected using a set of questionnaire including PHC-PSQ. Factors associated with patient satisfaction was analysed using multiple linear regression.
RESULTS: Final PHC-PSQ consisted of three domains (administrative competency, technical competency and convenience of location) and 22 items with 69.9% total variance explained. Cronbach's α for total items was 0.96. Total mean score for patient satisfaction was 7.56 (SD 1.32). Older age and higher education were associated with lower patient satisfaction mean score. Patients who had visited the pharmacy more than once in the past three months, perceived to be in better health status and had a more correct general knowledge of pharmacists expressed higher patient satisfaction mean score.
CONCLUSIONS: PHC-PSQ is a newly developedtool to measure patient satisfaction towards pharmacy services in public health clinics in Malaysia. Patient satisfaction was relatively high. Age, education, frequency of visit, self-perceived health status and general knowledge of pharmacists were factors significantly associated with patient satisfaction.

Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients/statistics & numerical data*
First evidence of local circulation of Plasmodium ovale curtisi and reliability of a malaria rapid diagnostic test among symptomatic outpatients in Douala, Cameroon

Kojom Foko LP, Kouemo Motse FD, Kamgain Mawabo L, Pande V, Singh V

Infect Genet Evol, 2021 07;91:104797.
PMID: 33676011 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104797

The performances of a commonly used Plasmodium falciparum-detecting rapid diagnostic test (RDT) were determined in symptomatic individuals living in Cameroon. Discrepancies between RDT and light microscopy (LM) results were further investigated, with a focus on non-falciparum malaria (NFM) which are still largely understudied in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA) countries. In the present study, a total of 355 individuals aged 1-65 years were enrolled in the study. Their signs/symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics were documented. The RDT reliability was evaluated using LM as gold standard method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of Plasmodium 18S gene was performed for samples with discordant results between LM and RDT (i.e., RDT-/LM+, and RDT+/LM-). The PCR amplicons of NFM species were sequenced and BLASTed. The prevalence of malaria infection by LM was 95.7% (95% CI: 93.1-97.4%). The sensitivity and specificity of RDT for P. falciparum detection was 94.0% and 66.7%, respectively. By PCR assay, P. ovale curtisi (PoC) was found in 5 of the 30 discordant samples, and on sequence analysis these isolates were found to be phylogenetically closer to sequences reported from China-Myanmar border and Malaysia. This is the first report on molecular characterization of P. ovale subspecies in Cameroon. The study also outlines the good diagnostic performances of the RDT for detection of P. falciparum. Though, the presence of PoC indicated the importance of having RDTs targeting the NFM species in malaria diagnosis and treatment, which is presently limited in the country.

Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients/statistics & numerical data*
Fulltext Survey on mammographic screening among women aged 40 to 65 years old at polyclinics

Leong HS, Heng R, Emmanuel SC

Singapore Med J, 2007 Jan;48(1):34-40.
PMID: 17245514

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the commonest female cancer in Singapore. It is steadily rising with an incidence of 53.1 cases per 100,000 persons per year among women. Screening for detection of early lesions which are highly curable helps to reduce mortality.
METHODS: Over three afternoon sessions in December 2003, 224 female patients aged 40-65 years, participated in interviews conducted by the National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore. The survey sought information on mammographic screening history, the time interval since the previous mammographic screening, and the reasons for not going for the screening.
RESULTS: The survey found that only 26.4 percent (28 out of 106) among those aged 40 to 49 years had mammographic screening done within the past one year, and 43.2 percent (51 out of 118) among those aged 50 to 65 years had screening done within the last two years. Chinese women were twice more likely than Malay women to have a mammogram done. The commonest reasons for not wanting to have mammographic screening among women who did not have a mammogram done or had mammogram done more than two years ago, were lack of time (42.5 percent), fear of pain during the procedure (26.9 percent), and the belief that cancer would not happen to them (24.6 percent).
CONCLUSION: Despite publicity on breast cancer being the commonest cancer among women in Singapore and cure being possible if the malignancy was detected early, close to half of the women aged 40-65 years old who attended the National Healthcare Group Polyclinics did not have mammographic screening done. One-quarter of the women who did not have mammogram screening did not do so as they did not think cancer would happen to them.
Study site: NHG Polyclinics, Singapore

Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients/statistics & numerical data*
Primary caregiver burden and undiagnosed mental health illness in out-patients with inflammatory bowel disease-A multicentric prospective survey from the IBD Emerging Nations' Consortium

Banerjee R, Pal P, Hilmi I, Raghunathan N, Rahman M, Limsrivillai J, et al.

Indian J Gastroenterol, 2024 Dec;43(6):1156-1167.
PMID: 39023742 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-024-01617-y

BACKGROUND: Mental health is an overlooked aspect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patient care with limited data from the developing world. The primary caregiver burden is expected to be high, but has not been evaluated.
METHODS: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey of consecutive out-patients with no diagnosed mental health illness (n = 289) and their primary caregivers (n = 247) from 10 centers across eight countries (Bangladesh, India, Iran, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand) of IBD-Emerging Nations' Consortium (ENC). Patients were assessed for anxiety (PHQ-9), depression (GAD-7), quality of life (SIBDQ, IBDCOPE) and medication adherence (MMAS-8). Caregiver burden was assessed by Zarit-Burden Interview (ZBI), Ferrans and Power Quality of Life (QOL) scores and coping strategies (BRIEF-COPE). Multivariate logistic regression and correlation analyses were performed to identify risk factors and the impact on QOL in patients and caregivers.
RESULTS: Moderate to severe depression and anxiety were noted in 33% (severe 3.5%) and 24% (severe 3.8%) patients, respectively. The risk factor for depression was active disease (p

Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext What are the antioxidant status predictors' factors among male chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients?

Pirabbasi E, Najafiyan M, Cheraghi M, Shahar S, Abdul Manaf Z, Rajab N, et al.

Glob J Health Sci, 2013 Jan;5(1):70-8.
PMID: 23283038 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v5n1p70

Imbalance between antioxidant and oxidative stress is a major risk factor for pathogenesis of some chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to determine antioxidant and oxidative stress status, and also theirs association with respiratory function of male COPD patients to find the antioxidant predictors' factors. A total of 149 subjects were involved in a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted at two medical centers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Results of the study showed that plasma vitamin C was low in most of the subjects (86.6%). Total antioxidant capacity was the lowest in COPD stage IV compare to other stages (p < 0.05). Level of plasma vitamin A (p= 0.012) and vitamin C (p= 0.007) were low in malnourished subjects. The predictors for total antioxidant capacity were forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted and intake of ?-carotene (R2= 0.104, p= 0.002). Number of cigarette (pack/ year) and smoking index (number/ year) were not associated with total antioxidant capacity of this COPD population. Plasma oxidative stress as assessed plasma lipid peroxidation (LPO) was only positively correlated with plasma glutathione (p= 0.002). It might be a need to evaluate antioxidant status especially in older COPD patients to treat antioxidant deficiency which is leading to prevent COPD progression.
Study site: Outpatient clinics, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM) and Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Influence of food intake and eating habits on hypertension control among outpatients at a government health clinic in the Klang Valley, Malaysia

Suzana S, Azlinda A, Hin SL, Khor WH, Zahara Z, Sa'ida MJ, et al.

Malays J Nutr, 2011 Aug;17(2):163-73.
PMID: 22303571 MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: In Malaysia, hypertension prevalence has increased from 13% in 1996 to 43% in 2006 based on the Third National Health and Morbidity Survey.
METHODOLOGY: Recognising the importance of hypertension control to prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, a cross-sectional study was carried out to assess factors influencing blood pressure among 74 hypertensive adults (22 men, 52 women, mean age 61.1 +/- 8.8 years old) attending an outpatient clinic of a government health clinic in Klang Valley. Subjects were interviewed to obtain information on social and health, physical activity level and food intake using Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, waist circumference and percentage of body fat were also conducted.
RESULTS: The majority of the subjects (71.6%) had poor hypertension control as determined using blood pressure. Women aged 30-59 years old had a higher mean diastolic blood pressure (87.3 +/- 11.6 mmHg) than women aged 60 years old (78.5 +/- 9.5 mmHg) (p < 0.05). Most of the men (36.4%) achieved three out of six Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) for Hypertension Recommendations as outlined by the Malaysian Dietitians' Association. About one-third (30.8%) of the women achieved two out of six of the guidelines. High sodium intake (adjusted OR 3.501, 95% CI 1.116-10.985, p < 0.05), daily consumption of coffee (adjusted OR 0.302, 95% CI 0.093-0.983, p < 0.05) and less intake of milk (adjusted OR 3.328, 95% CI 1.055-10.493, p < 0.05) were associated with uncontrolled hypertension.
CONCLUSION: Three quarters of the subjects had unsatisfactory hypertensive control and was related to food intake and eating habits including high salt diet, coffee consumption and inadequate milk intake were unsatisfactory. There is a need to implement a nutrition intervention programme based on MNT to achieve good hypertensive control among subjects.
Study site: klinik kesihatan, Klang Valley, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients/statistics & numerical data
The prevalence of tongue lesions in Malaysian dental outpatients from the Klang Valley area

Koay CL, Lim JA, Siar CH

Oral Dis, 2011 Mar;17(2):210-6.
PMID: 20796228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01724.x

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of tongue lesions in Malaysian dental outpatients from the Klang Valley area.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted on 600 Malaysian outpatients (257 men, 343 women, mean age, 37.7 years) attending the Primary Dental Care Unit at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya. Demographic and medical data were recorded for all respondents.
RESULTS: One hundred eighty-one patients (30.2%) (81 men, 100 women, mean age 42.0 years) were diagnosed with at least one tongue lesion (n = 207) at the time of examination. Of these, 24 patients (4%) had two or more tongue lesions present synchronously. Seven different lesions were diagnosed: fissured tongue (13.8%), crenated tongue (7.8%), pigmented tongue (6.2%), geographic tongue (2.2%), ankyloglossia (1.7%), hairy tongue (1.0%) and median rhomboid glossitis (0.2%). Their racial prevalences were Malays (n = 65, 10.8%), Indians (n = 62, 10.3%), Chinese (n = 53, 8.8%) and other race (n = 1, 0.2%). A significant relationship was observed between crenated tongue and race; between four types of tongue lesions (fissured tongue, geographic tongue, crenated tongue and pigmented tongue) and age; and between fissured tongue and gender (P data in the daily clinical practice.

Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients/statistics & numerical data*
Clinical and sociodemographic correlates of severe insomnia in psychotropic drug-free, Asian outpatients with major depressive disorder

Srisurapanont M, Likhitsathian S, Chua HC, Udomratn P, Chang S, Maneeton N, et al.

J Affect Disord, 2015 Nov 1;186:26-31.
PMID: 26226430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.032

BACKGROUND: Little has been known regarding the correlates of severe insomnia in major depressive disorder (MDD). This post-hoc analysis aimed to examine the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of severe insomnia in psychotropic drug-free, Asian adult outpatients with MDD.
METHODS: Participants were psychotropic drug-free patients with MDD, aged 18-65 years. By using the Symptom Checklist-90 Items, Revised (SCL-90-R), a score of 4 (severe distress) on any one of three insomnia items was defined as severe insomnia. Other measures included the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), the nine psychopathology subscales of SCL-90-R, the Physical and Mental Component Summaries of Short Form Health Survey (SF-36 PCS and SF-36 MCS), and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS).
RESULTS: Of 528 participants, their mean age being 39.5 (SD=13.26) years, 64.2% were females, and 239 (45.3%) had severe insomnia. The logistic regression model revealed that low educational qualifications (less than secondary school completion), high SCL-90-R Depression scores, high SCL-90-R Anxiety scores, and low SF-36 PCS scores were independently correlated with severe insomnia (p's

Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients/statistics & numerical data

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