Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 58 in total

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  1. Clinical trichuriasis in hospitalised Kuala Lumpur children
    McKay DA, Hiap CY, Virik HK
    Med J Malaya, 1971 Sep;26(1):20-4.
    PMID: 4258570
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/epidemiology*
  2. Fulltext Clostridia isolated from helminth-colonized humans promote the life cycle of Trichuris species
    Sargsian S, Chen Z, Lee SC, Robertson A, Thur RS, Sproch J, et al.
    Cell Rep, 2022 Nov 29;41(9):111725.
    PMID: 36450245 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111725
    Soil-transmitted intestinal worms known as helminths colonize over 1.5 billion people worldwide. Although helminth colonization has been associated with altered composition of the gut microbiota, such as increases in Clostridia, individual species have not been isolated and characterized. Here, we isolate and sequence the genome of 13 Clostridia from the Orang Asli, an indigenous population in Malaysia with a high prevalence of helminth infections. Metagenomic analysis of 650 fecal samples from urban and rural Malaysians confirm the prevalence of species corresponding to these isolates and reveal a specific association between Peptostreptococcaceae family members and helminth colonization. Remarkably, Peptostreptococcaceae isolated from the Orang Asli display superior capacity to promote the life cycle of whipworm species, including hatching of eggs from Trichuris muris and Trichuris trichiura. These findings support a model in which helminths select for gut colonization of microbes that support their life cycle.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis*
  3. Fulltext Trichuris Dysentery Syndrome: evidence that it may be underdiagnosed in Kelantan
    Noorizan AM, Mahendra Raj S
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Mar;56(1):53-7.
    PMID: 11503297
    The prevalence rate of trichuriasis in children in certain areas of Kelantan is high. However the Trichuris Dysentery Syndrome (TDS), a condition in children characterized by chronic diarrhoea, stunting and anaemia is said to be rare. A recent change in policy at our institution to lower the threshold for undertaking colonoscopy in children with chronic diarrhoea resulted in the detection of 6 cases of TDS in less than a year. The median age was 7 years (range 3-13) and the median duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 2 years (range 1-8). The insidious nature of TDS and the low level of awareness of this condition even among health care workers may result in considerable underdiagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/etiology; Trichuriasis/epidemiology*; Trichuriasis/physiopathology
  4. Fulltext Discovery of Trichuris landak n. sp. by Endang Purwaningsih
    Huat LB
    Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2013 Apr;3(4):314.
    PMID: 23620858 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60070-2
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/veterinary*
  5. Trichuriasis: localized inflammatory responses in the colon
    Kaur G, Raj SM, Naing NN
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2002 Jun;33(2):224-8.
    PMID: 12236416
    Most patients with trichuriasis have light worm burdens. Data regarding the inflammatory response to Trichuris worms in the colon of lightly infected persons are scant. Nine patients whose Trichuris infection was found by colonoscopy had biopsies taken from a site adjacent to visible worms and from a second site some 20 cm distally. The biopsies were studied by routine and immunohistochemical methods. None of the biopsies showed mucosal ulceration, significant congestion, fibrosis, gland distortion or goblet cell mucin depletion. There was no difference between worm and worm-free sites in terms of edema, lymphoid follicles or epithelial slough. Worm sites had higher numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils and total inflammatory cells and lower numbers of plasma cells. However there was no difference in lymphocyte, mast cell, and B- and T-cell counts between the two sites. This suggests that the T. trichiura worm incites a local inflammatory response involving eosinophils and neutrophils, even when the colon has only a light burden of worms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/pathology*
  6. Fulltext Geographical distribution of soil transmitted helminths and the effects of community type in South Asia and South East Asia - A systematic review
    Silver ZA, Kaliappan SP, Samuel P, Venugopal S, Kang G, Sarkar R, et al.
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2018 01;12(1):e0006153.
    PMID: 29346440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006153
    BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are among the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases (NTD) worldwide. Since the publication of the WHO road map to combat NTD in 2012, there has been a renewed commitment to control STH. In this study, we analysed the geographical distribution and effect of community type on prevalence of hookworm, Trichuris and Ascaris in south Asia and south east Asia.

    METHODOLOGY: We conducted a systematic review of open-access literature published in PubMed Central and the Global Atlas of Helminth Infection. A total of 4182 articles were available and after applying selection criteria, 174 studies from the region were retained for analysis.

    PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Ascaris was the commonest STH identified with an overall prevalence of 18% (95% CI, 14-23%) followed by Trichuris (14%, 9-19%) and hookworm (12%, 9-15%). Hookworm prevalence was highest in Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia. We found a geographical overlap in countries with high prevalence rates for Trichuris and Ascaris (Malaysia, Philippines, Myanmar, Vietnam and Bangladesh). When the effect of community type was examined, prevalence rates of hookworm was comparable in rural (19%, 14-24%) and tribal communities (14%, 10-19%). Tribal communities, however, showed higher prevalence of Trichuris (38%, 18-63%) and Ascaris (32%, 23-43%) than rural communities (13%, 9-20% and 14%, 9-20% respectively). Considerable between and within country heterogeneity in the distribution of STH (I2 >90%) was also noted. When available data from school aged children (SAC) were analysed, prevalence of Ascaris (25% 16-31%) and Trichuris (22%, 14-34%) were higher than among the general population while that of hookworm (10%, 7-16%) was comparable.

    CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our analysis showed significant variation in prevalence rates between and within countries in the region. Highlighting the importance of community type in prevalence and species mix, we showed that tribal and rural communities had higher hookworm infections than urban communities and for ascariasis and trichuriasis, tribal populations had higher levels of infection than rural populations. We also found a higher prevalence of ascariasis and trichuriasis in SAC compared to the general population but comparable levels of hookworm infections. These key findings need to be taken into account in planning future MDA and other interventions.

    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/epidemiology*
  7. Molecular characterization of Trichuris species isolated from humans, dogs and cats in a rural community in Peninsular Malaysia
    Mohd-Shaharuddin N, Lim YAL, Hassan NA, Nathan S, Ngui R
    Acta Trop, 2019 Feb;190:269-272.
    PMID: 30500371 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.11.026
    Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) are soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) that causing trichuriasis in human. Trichuris vulpis, a canine whipworm has also been reported occasionally in humans. However, an overlapping dimension in the morphology and due to limited external characters between both species may lead to the potential for misidentification. Although there has been an extensive study on the distribution of whipworm in both human and animal hosts, little is known about the molecular epidemiology of Trichuris species in both hosts. To investigate to characterize the whipworm species and to determine the genetic relationship between species infecting both humans and animals, we sequenced the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) regions of Trichuris egg isolated from humans, dogs and cats in a rural community in Malaysia. A total of 524 fresh fecal samples were collected from humans and animals. The overall prevalence of Trichuris was 59.9% as determined by microscopy examination. The molecular analysis showed that 98.7% were identified as T. trichiura in the human fecal sample. Interestingly, 1.3% were identified as T. vulpis. As for animal fecal sample, 56.8% and 43.2% were identified as T. trichiura and T. vulpis, respectively. Phylogenetic and sequence analysis demonstrated that T. trichiura isolates were genetically distinct from T. vulpis isolates from both hosts. This finding implies that companion animals can be a reservoir and mechanical transmitter for T. trichiura infection in human and also highlighting the possible zoonotic potential of T. vulpis. This finding may also suggest that cross-transmission between humans and animal hosts in sympatric setting may be a source of infection in both hosts. More studies are needed to better understand the transmission dynamic and public health significance of Trichuris infection in both hosts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/transmission
  8. Helminthic infections among domestic dogs in and around Kuala Lumpur--a preliminary report
    Ramachandran CP, Balasingam E, Lim BL
    Med J Malaya, 1968 Mar;22(3):241.
    PMID: 4234375
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/veterinary*
  9. Helminthiases in peninsular Malaysia--prevalence and density of infestation of hookworm, Ascaris and trichuris in rural school children
    Lo EK, Varughese J, Ghouse A, Noor M
    Med J Malaysia, 1979 Dec;34(2):95-9.
    PMID: 548726
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/epidemiology
  10. Fulltext Trichuris dysentery syndrome: Do we learn enough from case studies?
    Zeehaida M, Zueter A, Zairi NZ, Zunulhisham S
    Trop Biomed, 2015 Sep;32(3):545-50.
    PMID: 26695216 MyJurnal
    Trichuris Dysentery Syndrome (TDS) is a severe persistent trichuriasis associated with heavy worm build-up in the colon that continues to be neglected and underestimated in endemic countries. Trichuriasis is most prevalent in children in tropical countries, and that increases the risk of TDS. We reported a series of four preschool children of both genders chronically having TDS over a period ranging from several months to years presenting with anaemia. The hemoglobin levels ranged from 4.6 to 9.1 g/dl on first admissions. Despite treatment, the cases were reported to have failure to thrive with persistent anaemia. It was concluded that TDS should be considered in endemic areas among children presenting with chronic bloody diarrhea and anaemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/complications; Trichuriasis/diagnosis*; Trichuriasis/pathology*
  11. Fulltext Severe chronic iron deficiency anaemia secondary to Trichuris dysentery syndrome - a case report
    Azira N MS, Zeehaida M
    Trop Biomed, 2012 Dec;29(4):626-31.
    PMID: 23202608
    Trichuris dysentery syndrome is caused by Trichuris trichiura which contributes to one of the most common helminthic infections in the world. It is associated with heavy colonic infection that manifests as mucoid diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, rectal prolapse, iron deficiency anaemia, and finger clubbing. Here, we report a case of trichuris dysentery syndrome complicated with severe chronic iron deficiency anaemia in a 4-year-old girl who required blood transfusion. The nematode was visualized on stool microscopic and colonoscopic examination. A longer duration of anti-helminthic treatment is required to achieve effective and better outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/complications*; Trichuriasis/diagnosis*; Trichuriasis/pathology
  12. Prevalence and distribution of soil-transmitted helminthiases among Orang Asli children living in peripheral Selangor, Malaysia
    Al-Mekhlafi MS, Azlin M, Nor Aini U, Shaikh A, Sa'iah A, Fatmah MS, et al.
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2006 Jan;37(1):40-7.
    PMID: 16771211
    Soil-transmitted helminthiases are a public health problem in rural communities. A cross-sectional study of the prevalence and distribution of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm was conducted in 281 Orang Asli children (aborigines) aged between 2 and 15 years, from 8 Orang Asli villages in Selangor, Malaysia. All the children were infected with soil-transmitted helminthes, with 26.3% of the children infected either with A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura or hookworm and 72.6% having mixed infection. The overall prevalences of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm were 61.9, 98.2 and 37.0%, respectively. Approximately 19.0, 26.0 and 3.0% of the children had severe infection of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infection, respectively. The prevalences and mean egg per gram (epg) counts for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura were not significantly dependent on age, therefore age-dependent convexity was not seen in this study. However, the results of this study reveal an age-dependent prevalence and mean epg count in children with hookworm infection. We conclude that ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infection are still prevalent and therefore a public health concern in Orang Asli communities. Severe ascariasis and trichuriasis may lead to other health and medical problems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/epidemiology*; Trichuriasis/transmission
  13. Fulltext Comparative trials using albendazole and mebendazole in the treatment of soil-transmitted helminths in schoolchildren on Penang, Malaysia
    Rahman WA
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1996 Dec;27(4):765-7.
    PMID: 9253881
    Trials using albendazole and mebendazole, as single 400 mg dose treatments, against soil-transmitted helminths, were carried out in 7-9 and 10-12 years-old schoolchildren living in urban and rural environments in Penang, Malaysia. Both drugs were equally effective in treating trichuriasis and ascariasis in both age groups and environments. However, mebendazole is not so effective in the treatment for hookworms when compared to albendazole. It is suggested that albendazole should be considered the drug of choice for mass chemotherapy for Penang.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/drug therapy; Trichuriasis/epidemiology
  14. Does ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infection predispose to non-specific abdominal symptoms among adults in endemic areas?
    Raj SM, Anteson R, Sivakumaran S, Abdullah MR, Low HC
    Trop Doct, 1994 Apr;24(2):88-9.
    PMID: 8009635
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/complications*; Trichuriasis/epidemiology
  15. Fulltext Intestinal geohelminthiasis and growth in pre-adolescent primary school children in Northeastern Peninsular Malaysia
    Mahendra Raj S
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1998 Mar;29(1):112-7.
    PMID: 9740282
    A cohort of one hundred 8-9 year old school children in Northeastern Peninsular Malaysia underwent stool examination, weight and height measurements. Seventy-three children were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides and/or Trichuris trichiura. All infected children were treated with albendazole at baseline, 6 months and 9 months. Measurements were repeated on all but 2 children at 1 year. Repeat stool examination (n = 94) at 1 year revealed a marked reduction in the level of Ascaris infection and a modest reduction in Trichuris infection. There was no difference in net growth between treated children and uninfected controls. Post-hoc analysis by gender however revealed that infected girls (n = 33) experienced significantly higher increments in weight, height and weight for age. Furthermore, children found to be infected at baseline level but worm free at follow-up, were observed to have experienced greater increments in height and height for age. The evidence suggests that periodic antihelminthic treatment may have a positive effect on the growth of subsets of pre-adolescent children but it is emphasised that further work is required to validate these findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/complications*; Trichuriasis/drug therapy
  16. Aggregation and predisposition to Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura at the familial level
    Chan L, Bundy DA, Kan SP
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1994 1 1;88(1):46-8.
    PMID: 8153999 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(94)90492-8
    This study examines the persistence of familial aggregation and familial predisposition to Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infection over 2 periods of treatment and reinfection, in an urban community in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Both parasite species were shown to be aggregated (assessed by the variance to mean ratio) within families at all 3 interventions, although no consistent trend in aggregation was observed over the period of the study. Associations between mean A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infection levels of families, at all 3 interventions, were highly significant (P < 0.0001), suggesting persistent predisposition at the family level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/genetics; Trichuriasis/epidemiology*
  17. Albendazole, an effective single dose, broad spectrum anthelmintic drug
    Ramalingam S, Sinniah B, Krishnan U
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1983 Sep;32(5):984-9.
    PMID: 6625078
    Albendazole, a new anthelmintic drug was evaluated in Malaysia in 91 patients, with single or mixed infections of Ascaris, Trichuris, and hookworm. Albendazole was administered as a single dose of 400 mg, 600 mg, or 800 mg. The cure rate for Ascaris at all three doses was 100% at days 14 and 21 post-treatment; for hookworm it was 98.8%, 100% and 98%, respectively, at day 14 and 68.8%, 100% and 84%, respectively, at day 21; for Trichuris it was 31.2%, 57.1% and 42.3%, respectively, at day 14 and 27.3%, 60.9% and 48.0%, respectively, at day 21. The egg reduction rate at day 21 was 100% at all three doses for Ascaris, 94.5%, 100% and 96.1%, respectively, for hookworm; and 39.2%, 85.1% and 72.8%, respectively, for Trichuris. There were no side effects, and biochemical examination of blood and urine did not indicate any unfavourable changes. Based on this trial, the recommended dosage for Ascaris and hookworm is a 400 mg single dose, and for Trichuris is a 600 mg single dose. Albendazole appears to be more effective than other available anthelmintic drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/complications; Trichuriasis/drug therapy*
  18. Mebendazole in treatment of severe Trichuris trichiura infection in Malaysian children
    Nagalingam I, Lam LE, Robinson MJ, Dissanaike AS
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1976 Jul;25(4):568-72.
    PMID: 961974
    Children with severe Trichuris trichiura infection pose significant social, clinical, and therapeutic problems in Malaysia. Thirty such children were investigated, and mebendazole was found to be safe and effective in the treatment of severe trichuriasis but it had to be given for a longer period than currently recommended. A poor correlation was found between egg load and worm burden in these children. Direct visualization of the rectal and colonic mucosa was the most reliable method of assessing severity in untreated cases, and response to treatment. The eggs of Trichuris that had been exposed to mebendazole were morphologically altered and not viable when incubated. This may be of considerable epidemiological importance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/drug therapy*; Trichuriasis/parasitology
  19. Fulltext Ascariasis, trichuriasis, and growth of schoolchildren in Northeastern Peninsular Malaysia
    Raj SM, Naing NN
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1998 Dec;29(4):729-34.
    PMID: 10772554
    A study to determine the effect of antihelminthic treatment on growth and nutritional status was undertaken on 103 children in the second grade of primary school, 71 of whom were found to be infected with Ascaris lumbricoides or Trichuris trichiura. The median Ascaris and Trichuris intensities in the infected group were 19,600 (range; 0-488,000) and 2,800 (range; 0-84,600) eggs per gram of feces respectively. Forty-three children harbored both types of worm. Fourteen weeks after two 400 mg doses of albendazole were administered to infected children, the increases in weight, height, weight for age, height for age and weight for height were significantly higher among infected children than controls who were uninfected at baseline. The observed gains were independent of sex and socioeconomic status. Decrease in log transformed Trichuris intensity correlated with increases in weight (r=0.24; p=0.02) and weight for age (r=0.20; p=0.06) but decrease in Ascaris intensity did not correlate with increases in any of the anthropometric parameters. The results suggest that antihelminthic treatment has beneficial short-term effects on growth and nutritional status of a modest magnitude among early primary schoolchildren in the area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/drug therapy*; Trichuriasis/epidemiology
  20. Fulltext Helminthic infections of urban and rural schoolchildren in Penang Island, Malaysia: implications for control
    Rahman WA
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1998 Sep;29(3):596-8.
    PMID: 10437964
    The intestinal parasites of schoolchildren from an urban and a rural area on Penang island, Malaysia were compared. Examination of stool samples for helminth eggs showed that helminths found were Trichuris, Ascaris and hookworms. The results indicate that there is no significant difference (p<0.05) between rural and urban schoolchildren as regards to the prevalence of the three species of helminths. An extensive control program targetted at schoolchildren to monitor the helminth problem on the island is suggested.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trichuriasis/epidemiology*; Trichuriasis/prevention & control
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