Browse publications by year: 2002

  1. S-Abdul-Wahid F, Soon-Keng C
    Br J Haematol, 2002 Mar;116(4):731.
    PMID: 11886374
    MeSH terms: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Elliptocytosis, Hereditary/pathology; Erythrocytes/pathology*; Female; Graft Survival; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology*; Male; Neutrophils/pathology*; Transplantation, Homologous; Treatment Outcome; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation*
  2. Zalina MD, Desa MN, Nguyen VT, Kassim AH
    Water Sci Technol, 2002;45(2):63-8.
    PMID: 11890166
    This paper discusses the comparative assessment of eight candidate distributions in providing accurate and reliable maximum rainfall estimates for Malaysia. The models considered were the Gamma, Generalised Normal, Generalised Pareto, Generalised Extreme Value, Gumbel, Log Pearson Type III, Pearson Type III and Wakeby. Annual maximum rainfall series for one-hour resolution from a network of seventeen automatic gauging stations located throughout Peninsular Malaysia were selected for this study. The length of rainfall records varies from twenty-three to twenty-eight years. Model parameters were estimated using the L-moment method. The quantitative assessment of the descriptive ability of each model was based on the Probability Plot Correlation Coefficient test combined with root mean squared error, relative root mean squared error and maximum absolute deviation. Bootstrap resampling was employed to investigate the extrapolative ability of each distribution. On the basis of these comparisons, it can be concluded that the GEV distribution is the most appropriate distribution for describing the annual maximum rainfall series in Malaysia.
    MeSH terms: Environmental Monitoring; Malaysia; Rain*; Models, Statistical*
  3. Deurenberg P, Deurenberg-Yap M
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2002;11(1):1-7.
    PMID: 11890632
    Body fat percentage (BF%) was measured in 298 Singaporean Chinese, Malay and Indian men and women using a chemical four-compartment model consisting of fat, water, protein and mineral (BF%4C). In addition, weight, height, skinfold thickness and segmental impedance (from hand to hand) was measured. Body fat percentage was predicted using prediction equations from the literature (for skinfolds BF%SKFD) and using the manufacturer's software for the hand-held impedance analyser (BF%IMP). The subjects ranged in age from 18-70 years and in body mass index from 16.0 to 40.2 kg/m2. Body fat ranged from 6.5 to 53.3%. The biases for skinfold prediction (BF%4C-BF%SKFD, mean +/- SD) were -0.4+/-3.9, 2.3+/-4.1 and 3.1+/-4.2 in Chinese, Malay and Indian women, respectively, the Chinese being different from the Malays and Indians. The differences were significant from zero (P < 0.05) in the Malays and Indians. For the men, the biases were 0.5+/-3.8, 0.0+/-4.8 and 0.9+/-4.0 in Chinese, Malays and Indians, respectively. These biases were not significantly different from zero and not different among the ethnic groups. The biases for hand-held impedance BF% were -0.7+/-4.5, 1.5+/-4.4 and 0.4+/-3.8 in Chinese, Malay and Indian women. These biases were not significantly different from zero but the bias in the Chinese was significantly different from the biases in the Malays and Indians. In the Chinese, Malay and Indian men, the biases of BF%IMP were 0.7+/-4.6, 1.9+/-4.8 and 2.0+/-4.4, respectively. These biases in Malay and Indian men were significantly different from zero and significantly different from the bias in Chinese men. The biases were correlated with level of body fat and age, and also with relative arm span (arm span/height) for impedance. After correction, the differences in bias among the ethnic groups disappeared. The study shows that the biases in predicted BF% differ between ethnic groups, differences that can be explained by differences in body composition and differences in body build. This information is important and should be taken into account when comparing body composition across ethnic groups using predictive methods.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Arm/physiology; Body Composition/physiology*; Female; Humans; India; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Singapore; Skinfold Thickness*; Reproducibility of Results; Electric Impedance; Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  4. Greaves MW
    Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 2002 Jan;127(1):3-9.
    PMID: 11893848 DOI: 10.1159/000048163
    Chronic urticaria includes several different subsets with distinct pathophysiologies, and with important implications for investigation and treatment. Chronic 'idiopathic' urticaria represents a special challenge, which, until recently, was not taken up by dermatological or immunological investigators. However, it has now emerged that at least 30% of patients possess histamine-releasing autoantibodies against Fc epsilon R1, or less commonly IgE itself. These autoantibodies are causative. Recent work implicates complement activation in most cases. Functional (i.e. histamine releasing) autoantibodies are specific to chronic urticaria. However, immunoreactive (non-histamine-releasing) anti-Fc epsilon R1 autoantibodies can be found in sera of patients with physical urticarias and with autoimmune connective tissue and bullous diseases. The reason for the occurrence of this disease type in some individuals but not others is unclear. One possibility is the development, in genetically predisposed persons, of autoantibodies by molecular mimicry - perhaps against lipopolysaccharide of Helicobacter pylori, an organism frequently infecting the upper gastrointestinal tract of chronic urticaria patients.
    MeSH terms: Chronic Disease; Humans; Urticaria/etiology; Urticaria/immunology; Urticaria/physiopathology*; Autoimmunity
  5. Sharma JN, Kesavarao U
    Pharmacology, 2002 Apr;64(4):196-200.
    PMID: 11893900 DOI: 10.1159/000056171
    We investigated the total urinary kallikrein levels, left-ventricular wall thickness and mean arterial blood pressure of nontreated and captopril-treated diabetic and nondiabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats. The mean arterial blood pressure was significantly elevated in diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats as compared to nondiabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats. Captopril treatment caused a significant reduction in the arterial blood pressure of both nondiabetic and diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats. The left-ventricular wall thickness was also significantly reduced in diabetic and nondiabetic spontaneously hypertensive treated with captopril as compared to nontreated diabetic and nondiabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats. The total urinary kallikrein levels were significantly raised in captopril-treated diabetic and nondiabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats against the values obtained from nontreated diabetic and nondiabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats. These results indicate that blood pressure reduction and left ventricular wall regression with captopril treatment might be due to enhanced renal kallikrein formation. The significance of these findings is discussed.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology*; Blood Glucose/drug effects; Blood Pressure/drug effects*; Captopril/pharmacology*; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/urine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glucose/metabolism; Heart Ventricles/drug effects; Heart Ventricles/pathology; Hypertension/blood; Hypertension/physiopathology*; Hypertension/urine; Kallikreins/urine*; Male; Rats, Inbred SHR; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology*; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/urine; Rats
  6. Abdul-Talib S, Hvitved-Jacobsen T, Vollertsen J, Ujang Z
    Water Sci Technol, 2002;45(3):53-60.
    PMID: 11902481
    The sewer is an integral part of the urban wastewater system: the sewer, the wastewater treatment plant and the local receiving waters. The sewer is a reactor for microbial changes of the wastewater during transport, affecting the quality of the wastewater and thereby the successive treatment processes or receiving water impacts during combined sewer overflows. This paper presents the results of studies on anoxic processes, namely denitrification, in the bulk water phase of wastewater as it occurs in sewers. Experiments conducted on 12 different wastewater samples have shown that the denitrification process in the bulk wastewater can be simplified by the reduction of nitrate to nitrogen with significant accumulation of nitrite in the water phase. Utilization of nitrate was observed not to be limited by nitrate for concentrations above 5 gNO3-N/m3. The denitrification rates, under conditions of excess substrate and electron acceptor, were found to be in the range of 0.8-2.0 g NO3-N/(m3h). A discussion on the interaction of the sewer processes and the effects on a downstream located wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is provided.
    MeSH terms: Anoxia; Biodegradation, Environmental; Kinetics; Models, Theoretical*; Nitrates/metabolism*; Nitrogen/metabolism*; Waste Disposal, Fluid*; Water Purification/methods*
  7. Yap SS, Siew WO, Tou TY, Ng SW
    Appl Opt, 2002 Mar 20;41(9):1725-8.
    PMID: 11921803
    A microscope slide acting as a passive waveguide was coated by three separate poly(vinyl alcohol) films that were doped with Coumarin 460, Disodium Fluorescein, and Rhodamine 640 perchlorate. On collinear pumping by a nitrogen laser, these dyes furnished primary red-green-blue laser emissions that were collected and waveguided by the microscope slide but exited from both ends. Frosting the waveguide exit introduced light scattering at the glass-air interface and spatially overlaid the red-green-blue laser emissions that emerged as a uniform white-light beam.
    MeSH terms: Coumarins; Coloring Agents; Glass; Perchlorates; Polyvinyl Chloride; Rhodamines; Fluorescein; Lasers, Gas
  8. Meng Boey CC, Goh KL, Sithasanan N, Goh DW
    Gastrointest Endosc, 2002 Apr;55(4):607-8.
    PMID: 11923788
    MeSH terms: Child, Preschool; Enteral Nutrition/adverse effects*; Gastrostomy/adverse effects*; Humans; Intestinal Perforation/diagnosis; Intestinal Perforation/etiology*; Jejunal Diseases/diagnosis; Jejunal Diseases/etiology*; Male; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
  9. Tye AM, Young SD, Crout NM, Zhang H, Preston S, Bailey EH, et al.
    Environ Sci Technol, 2002 Mar 1;36(5):982-8.
    PMID: 11924544
    An isotopic dilution assay was developed to measure radiolabile As concentration in a diverse range of soils (pH 3.30-7.62; % C = 1.00-6.55). Soils amended with 50 mg of As kg(-1) (as Na2HAsO4 x 7H2O) were incubated for over 800 d in an aerated "microcosm" experiment. After 818 d, radiolabile As ranged from 27 to 57% of total applied As and showed a pH-dependent increase above pH 6. The radiolabile assay was also applied to three sets of soils historically contaminated with sewage sludge or mine-spoil. Results reflected the various geochemical forms in which the arsenic was present. On soils from a sewage disposal facility, radiolabile arsenate ranged from 3 to 60% of total As; mean lability was lower than in the equivalent pH range of the microcosm soils, suggesting occlusion of As into calcium phosphate compounds in the sludge-amended soils. In soils from mining areas in the U.K. and Malaysia, radiolabile As accounted for 0.44-19% of total As. The lowest levels of lability were associated with extremely large As concentrations, up to 17,000 mg kg(-1), from arsenopyrite. Soil pore water was extracted from the microcosm experiment and speciated using "GEOCHEM". The solid<==>solution equilibria of As in the microcosm soils was described by a simple model based on competition between HAsO4(2-) and HPO4(2-) for "labile" adsorption sites.
    MeSH terms: Arsenic/chemistry*; Environmental Monitoring; Forecasting; Isotopes; Mining; Models, Theoretical*; Sewage; Soil Pollutants*; Solubility
  10. Fakhrul-Razi A, Alam MZ, Idris A, Abd-Aziz S, Molla AH
    PMID: 11929070
    A study was carried out to isolate and identify filamentous fungi for the treatment of domestic wastewater sludge by enhancing biodegradability, settleability and dewaterability of treated sludge using liquid state bioconversion process. A total of 70 strains of filamentous fungi were isolated from three different sources (wastewater, sewage sludge and leachate) of IWK's (Indah Water Konsortium) sewage treatment plant, Malaysia. The isolated strains were purified by conventional techniques and identified by microscopic examination. The strains isolated belonged to the genera of Penicillium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Spicaria and Hyaloflorae The distribution of observed isolated fungi were 41% in sewage sludge followed by 39% in wastewater and 20% in leachate. The predominant fungus was Penicillium (39 strains). The second and third most common isolates were Aspergillus (14 strains) and Trichoderma (12 strains). The other isolates were Spicaria (3 strains) and Hyaloflorae (2 strains). Three strains (WWZP1003, LZP3001, LZP3005) of Penicillium (P. corylophilum, P. waksmanii, and P. citrinum respectively), 2 strains (WWZA1006 and SS2017) of Aspergillus (A. terrues and A. flavus respectively) and one strain (SSZT2008) of Trichoderma (T. harzianum) were tentatively identified up to species level and finally verified by CABI Bioscience Identification Services, UK.
    MeSH terms: Biodegradation, Environmental; Environmental Monitoring; Fungi/isolation & purification*; Sewage/microbiology*; Waste Disposal, Fluid*
  11. Sosroseno W, Barid I, Herminajeng E, Susilowati H
    Oral Microbiol. Immunol., 2002 Apr;17(2):72-8.
    PMID: 11929552
    The aim of this study was to determine whether Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans) could stimulate a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7 cells) to produce nitric oxide (NO). The cells were treated with LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans or Escherichia coli LPS (LPS-Ec) for 24 h. The effects of N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), polymyxin B and cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IL-12) on the production of NO were also determined. The role of protein tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C and microtubulin organization on NO production were assessed by incubating RAW264.7 cells with genistein, bisindolylmaleide and colchicine prior to LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans stimulation, respectively. NO levels from the culture supernatants were determined by the Griess reaction. The results showed that LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans stimulated NO production by RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, but was slightly less potent than LPS-Ec. NMMA and polymyxin B blocked the production of NO. IFN-gamma and IL-12 potentiated but IL-4 depressed NO production by LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. TNF-alpha had no effects on NO production. Genistein and bisindolylmalemaide, but not colchicine, reduced the production of NO in a dose-dependent mechanism. The results of the present study suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS, via the activation of protein tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C and the regulatory control of cytokines, stimulates NO production by murine macrophages.
    MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Cell Line; Colchicine/pharmacology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology; Escherichia coli/metabolism; Indoles/pharmacology; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology*; Macrophages/drug effects; Macrophages/metabolism*; Maleimides/pharmacology; Microtubules/drug effects; Nitric Oxide/antagonists & inhibitors; Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis*; Polymyxin B/pharmacology; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology; Free Radical Scavengers/metabolism*; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/metabolism*; Interleukin-12/pharmacology; omega-N-Methylarginine/pharmacology; Genistein/pharmacology; Microtubule-Organizing Center/drug effects; Mice
  12. Lee WS, John P, McKiernan P, de Ville De Goyet J, Kelly DA
    J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2002 Apr;34(4):413-6.
    PMID: 11930100
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Infant; Male; Protein-Losing Enteropathies/etiology*; Vena Cava, Inferior/abnormalities*; Liver Transplantation/adverse effects*
  13. Horn M, Fritsche TR, Linner T, Gautom RK, Harzenetter MD, Wagner M
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2002 Mar;52(Pt 2):599-605.
    PMID: 11931173 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-52-2-599
    All obligate bacterial endosymbionts of free-living amoebae currently described are affiliated with the alpha-Proteobacteria, the Chlamydiales or the phylum Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides. Here, six rod-shaped gram-negative obligate bacterial endosymbionts of clinical and environmental isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. from the USA and Malaysia are reported. Comparative 16S rDNA sequence analysis demonstrated that these endosymbionts form a novel, monophyletic lineage within the beta-Proteobacteria, showing less than 90% sequence similarity to all other recognized members of this subclass. 23S rDNA sequence analysis of two symbionts confirmed this affiliation and revealed the presence of uncommon putative intervening sequences of 146 bp within helix-25 that shared no sequence homology to any other bacterial rDNA. In addition, the 23S rRNA of these endosymbionts displayed one polymorphism at the target site of oligonucleotide probe BET42a that is conserved in all other sequenced beta-Proteobacteria. Intra-cytoplasmatic localization of the endosymbionts within the amoebal host cells was confirmed by electron microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization with a specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe. Based on these findings, the provisional name 'Candidatus Procabacter acanthamoebae' is proposed for classification of a representative of the six endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba spp. studied in this report. Comparative 18S rDNA sequence analysis of the Acanthamoeba host cells revealed their membership with either Acanthamoeba 18S rDNA sequence type T5 (Acanthamoeba lenticulata) or sequence type T4, which comprises the majority of all Acanthamoeba isolates.
    MeSH terms: Acanthamoeba/classification; Acanthamoeba/isolation & purification; Acanthamoeba/microbiology*; Animals; Base Sequence; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry; Environmental Microbiology; Humans; Malaysia; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Genetic; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/chemistry; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/chemistry; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Symbiosis; United States; RNA, Protozoan/genetics; DNA, Protozoan/chemistry; Betaproteobacteria/classification*; Betaproteobacteria/genetics; Betaproteobacteria/isolation & purification
  14. Razak IA, Usman A, Fun HK, Yamin BM, Kasim NA
    Acta Crystallogr C, 2002 Apr;58(Pt 4):M225-7.
    PMID: 11932524
    In the title compound, [Fe(C(34)H(29)O(2)P(2))](2)[Sb(2)Cl(8)], the discrete centrosymmetric [Sb(2)Cl(8)]2- anions are formed from two edge-shared square pyramids of Cl atoms about each Sb atom. Within the cation, the two diphenylphosphinate groups share one H atom and the ferrocene cyclopentadienyl rings are in a staggered conformation, with the average value of the twist angle being 46 degrees. In the crystal, each [Sb(2)Cl(8)]2- anion is involved in eight C-H* * *Cl interactions with four surrounding cations and these interactions interconnect the ions to form molecular columns along the a direction.
    MeSH terms: Anions; Cations; Ferrous Compounds
  15. Usman A, Razak IA, Fun HK, Chantrapromma S, Zhang Y, Xu JH
    Acta Crystallogr C, 2002 Apr;58(Pt 4):O239-41.
    PMID: 11932554
    The crystal of the title compound, C(20)H(17)NO(4), which was used for collecting intensity data was twinned. Each of the two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit has a planar indole moiety perpendicular to a planar oxopropyl moiety. The distribution of the bonds at the central C atom joining the oxopropyl, phenyl and indole substituents is also planar. The packing is stabilized by intermolecular C-H* * *O interactions, as well as by dipole-dipole and van der Waals interactions.
    MeSH terms: Bandages; Crystallography; Indoles
  16. Jayaram G, Sthaneshwar P
    Diagn Cytopathol, 2002 Apr;26(4):222-7.
    PMID: 11933267
    Breast lesions with a significant spindle cell or mesenchymal component are not commonly encountered in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic material and include a heterologous variety of benign and malignant conditions, with phyllodes tumors (PTs) being the foremost differential diagnostic consideration. This study comprises 28 tumors diagnosed histologically as PT in which FNAC material was available for review. Histological sections and cytological smears from these cases were retrieved and subjected to detailed morphological review. Cytological parameters assessed included ratio of stroma to epithelium, pattern characteristics and cytological characteristics of the stromal, and epithelial components and the background cells. Large and hypercellular stroma fragments, dissociated spindle and plump stromal cells, often accompanied by large, folded sheets of epithelium were cytological features that characterized PT. Smears from malignant PT showed predominantly or solely mesenchymal components. FNAC was a highly reliable procedure for the diagnosis of PT, giving an accuracy rate of 92.8%.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Biopsy, Needle; Breast Neoplasms/pathology*; Breast Neoplasms/surgery; Phyllodes Tumor/pathology*; Phyllodes Tumor/surgery; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results
  17. O'Boyle SJ, Power JJ, Ibrahim MY, Watson JP
    Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2002 Apr;6(4):307-12.
    PMID: 11936739
    SETTING: Kota Kinabalu and surrounding communities in Sabah, Malaysia.
    OBJECTIVES: To establish factors affecting compliance of patients with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, their knowledge of the disease, and views on improving the DOTS strategy.
    DESIGN: Interviews with compliant patients attending clinics for DOTS treatment and with non-compliant patients in their homes, in August and September 2000.
    RESULTS: A total of 63 compliant and 23 non-compliant patients were interviewed. For non-compliant patients, reaching the treatment centre entailed greater cost (P < 0.005) and travel time (P < 0.005) compared to compliant patients. Cost of transport was the reason most frequently given for non-attendance. Non-compliant patients were more likely to have completed secondary education (P < 0.05), and to be working (P < 0.01). More non-compliant patients had family members who had had the disease (P < 0.01). There was no difference between the groups for overall tuberculosis knowledge scores; however, non-compliant patients were more likely to think that treatment could be stopped once they were symptom free (P < 0.01). Most patients (73%) felt that the DOTS system could be improved by provision of more information about tuberculosis.
    CONCLUSION: Compliance with DOTS in the Kota Kinabalu area is affected by travel expenses, time spent travelling to treatment centres, and having family members who have had the disease. Patients would like more information on tuberculosis.
    Study site: Tuberculosis clinics, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
    MeSH terms: Ambulatory Care Facilities; Antitubercular Agents/administration & dosage*; Female; Health Education; Health Services Accessibility/economics; Humans; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Malaysia; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data*; Travel/economics; Tuberculosis/drug therapy*; Tuberculosis/economics; Tuberculosis/psychology*
  18. Lam SK, Chua KB
    Clin Infect Dis, 2002 May 1;34 Suppl 2:S48-51.
    PMID: 11938496 DOI: 10.1086/338818
    Emerging infectious diseases involving zoonosis have become important global health problems. The 1998 outbreak of severe febrile encephalitis among pig farmers in Malaysia caused by a newly emergent paramyxovirus, Nipah virus, is a good example. This disease has the potential to spread to other countries through infected animals and can cause considerable economic loss. The clinical presentation includes segmental myoclonus, areflexia, hypertension, and tachycardia, and histologic evidence includes endothelial damage and vasculitis of the brain and other major organs. Magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated the presence of discrete high-signal-intensity lesions disseminated throughout the brain. Nipah virus causes syncytial formation in Vero cells and is antigenically related to Hendra virus. The Island flying fox (Pteropus hypomelanus; the fruit bat) is a likely reservoir of this virus. The outbreak in Malaysia was controlled through the culling of >1 million pigs.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Cercopithecus aethiops; Chiroptera/virology; Disease Outbreaks*; Disease Reservoirs*; Encephalitis/epidemiology*; Encephalitis/pathology; Encephalitis/physiopathology; Encephalitis/virology; Malaysia/epidemiology; Vero Cells; Paramyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology*; Paramyxoviridae Infections/pathology; Paramyxoviridae Infections/physiopathology
  19. Zeenathul NA, Mohd-Azmi ML, Ali AS, Aini I, Sheik-Omar AR, Abdul-Rahim AM, et al.
    Rev. Argent. Microbiol., 2002 Jan-Mar;34(1):7-14.
    PMID: 11942085
    Both wild-type virulent and mutant strains of pseudorabies virus (PrV) were used in this study. Mutants used were derived from the plaque purified strain PrVmAIP. A total of six drug resistant mutants, three bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) resistant and three iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) resistant, respectively, were isolated and passaged in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. The DNA of these PrVs were compared with the wild-type isolates by means of the restriction fragment pattern (RFP) findings produced with Bam HI, Kpn I, Hind III and Bgl II restriction enzymes (RE). Compared to the wild-type PrVs (PrV-VBA1-parental strain of PrVmAIP; PrV-VBA2; PrV-VBA3), the RFP of PrVmAIP showed the presence of mutations within the RE sites studied. Both PrV-VBA1 and PrV-VBA2 appeared to be closely related but their RFPs differed from PrV-VBA3. Significant differences either in the number, size or migrations of the DNA fragments could also be detected in the BUdR resistant strains. Even though different features of cytopathic effect (GPE) were observed in the IUdR resistant PrVs, the RFP findings remained identical. The PrVs studied showed considerable differences from the reference PrV (PrV-CD).
    MeSH terms: Animals; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology; Bromodeoxyuridine/pharmacology; Cercopithecus aethiops; Chick Embryo; DNA Mutational Analysis; DNA, Viral/genetics*; Fibroblasts/virology; Idoxuridine/pharmacology; Viral Plaque Assay; Herpesvirus 1, Suid/classification; Herpesvirus 1, Suid/drug effects; Herpesvirus 1, Suid/genetics*; Herpesvirus 1, Suid/growth & development; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Genetic Variation; Vero Cells/virology; Virus Cultivation; Drug Resistance, Viral
  20. Loh SY, Chin CM
    BJU Int, 2002 Apr;89(6):531-3.
    PMID: 11942958
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in a prospective study, the demographic profile of patients with benign prostate enlargement who presented in acute urinary retention (AUR).

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study comprised all patients admitted for transurethral resection of the prostate and categorised into two groups, i.e. those presenting in AUR or electively. The factors evaluated included the length of hospitalization, the patients' occupation, their duration of symptoms and reasons for not seeking treatment.

    RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the mean age and occupational status of the two groups but those in AUR had more complications and a longer hospital stay after surgery; 60% of these men had had their urinary symptoms for > 1 year. When asked why they did not seek treatment earlier, 35% reported fear of surgery, while 41% thought that their symptoms were a normal part of ageing.

    CONCLUSION: There is a need to raise the level of public awareness of benign prostatic enlargement because those who present with AUR incur excess morbidity and longer hospitalization that could otherwise be avoided through earlier treatment and elective surgery.

    MeSH terms: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Attitude to Health; Humans; Length of Stay; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Prospective Studies; Prostatic Hyperplasia/complications; Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery*; Residence Characteristics; Urinary Retention/etiology; Urinary Retention/surgery*; Transurethral Resection of Prostate/methods*
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