Browse publications by year: 2012

  1. Yusof ZY, Jaafar N
    PMID: 22682472 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-10-63
    The study aimed to develop and test a Malay version of the Child-OIDP index, evaluate its psychometric properties and report on the prevalence of oral impacts on eight daily performances in a sample of 11-12 year old Malaysian schoolchildren.
    MeSH terms: Achievement; Activities of Daily Living*; Child Behavior*; Child, Preschool; Dental Health Surveys; Female; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Personal Satisfaction; Psychometrics/standards*; Quality of Life*; Surveys and Questionnaires; School Health Services; Social Behavior*; Social Perception; Socioeconomic Factors; Students/psychology; Students/statistics & numerical data; Toothache/epidemiology; Toothache/psychology; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data; Reproducibility of Results; Prevalence; Sickness Impact Profile
  2. Idris A, Misran E, Hassan N, Abd Jalil A, Seng CE
    J Hazard Mater, 2012 Aug 15;227-228:309-16.
    PMID: 22682796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.065
    In this study magnetic separable photocatalyst beads containing maghemite nanoparticles (γ-Fe(2)O(3)) in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer were prepared and used in the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in an aqueous solution under sunlight. The unique superparamagnetic property of the photocatalyst contributed by the γ-Fe(2)O(3) and robust property of PVA polymer allow the magnetic beads to be recovered easily and reused for at least 7 times without washing. The concentration of γ-Fe(2)O(3) was varied from 8% (v/v) to 27% (v/v) and the results revealed that the beads with 8% (v/v) γ-Fe(2)O(3) exhibited the best performance where Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) in only 30 min under sunlight. The use of the PVA has improved the bead properties and life cycle of beads which is in line with sustainable practices.
    MeSH terms: Alginates/chemistry*; Catalysis; Chromium/radiation effects; Chromium/chemistry*; Ferric Compounds/chemistry*; Gels; Hexuronic Acids/chemistry; Magnetics; Oxidation-Reduction; Polyvinyl Alcohol/chemistry*; Sunlight; Water Pollutants, Chemical/radiation effects; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry*; Glucuronic Acid/chemistry; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry*; Photochemical Processes
  3. Valdiani A, Kadir MA, Saad MS, Talei D, Tan SG
    Gene, 2012 Aug 15;505(1):23-36.
    PMID: 22683537 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.05.056
    Andrographis paniculata (AP) has been stated as a low-diverse, endangered and red-listed plant species. Self-pollinated mating system, being an introduced species and experiencing a bottleneck as well as over exploitation cause such a consequence. Inter and intra-specific hybridizations have been suggested as essential techniques for generating genetic diversity. To test the effect of intra-specific hybridization on diversification and heterosis of AP, seven accessions were outcrossed manually in all 21 possible combinations. Three types of markers including morphological, phytochemical and RAPD markers were employed to evaluate the mentioned hypothesis. The results revealed that hybridization acted as a powerful engine for diversification of AP as it caused heterotic expression of the studied traits, simultaneously. Initially, it seems that additive and non-additive gene effects both can be considered as the genetic basis of heterosis in AP for the investigated traits. Agronomic and morphological traits were differentiated from each other, while positive heterosis was recorded mainly for agronomic traits but not for the morphological traits. Intra-specific hybridization increased the genetic diversity in AP population. Nevertheless, a part of this variation could also be attributed to the negative heterosis. The current exploration demonstrated the first ever conducted manual intra-specific hybridization among AP accessions in a mass scale. However, the 17 RAPD primers produced a monomorph pattern, but perhaps increasing the number of markers can feature a new genetic profile in this plant.
    MeSH terms: Hybrid Vigor/physiology*; Hybridization, Genetic/physiology*; Genetic Variation/physiology*; Arabidopsis/genetics*; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Quantitative Trait, Heritable*; Introduced Species*
  4. Choo CY, Sulong NY, Man F, Wong TW
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2012 Aug 1;142(3):776-81.
    PMID: 22683902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.062
    The leaves of Ficus deltoidea are used as a traditional medicine by diabetes patients in Malaysia.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Blood Glucose/analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy*; Enzyme Inhibitors/analysis; Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use; Hypoglycemic Agents/analysis; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use*; Male; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use; Plant Extracts/chemistry; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Plant Leaves/chemistry; Ficus*; Apigenin/analysis; Apigenin/therapeutic use*; Mice; Rats; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors*
  5. Parhar I, Ogawa S, Kitahashi T
    Prog. Neurobiol., 2012 Aug;98(2):176-96.
    PMID: 22684005 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.011
    Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a key hormone for reproductive functions in vertebrates and non-vertebrates. Although GnRH neuronal system is regulated by several factors such as steroids, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, it is not fully understood how environmental signals control the GnRH neuronal system. RFamide peptides, members of peptides possessing an Arg-Phe-NH(2) motif at their C-terminus, have recently been characterized as major regulators of GnRH neurons. In particular, two key RFamide peptides, kisspeptin and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), are emerging as important regulators of the reproductive axis. Kisspeptin acts as the accelerator, directly driving GnRH neurons, whereas GnIH acts as the restraint. In addition, other RFamide peptides such as prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), PQRFa peptide, 26RFa/QRFP are also known to control reproduction. These RFamide peptides are regulated by environmental factors such as photoperiods, steroid hormones, metabolic signals, and stress. How environmental signals are integrated by RFamide peptides to regulate reproduction through the GnRH neurons?
    MeSH terms: Animals; Brain/metabolism*; Environment*; Humans; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism*; Neurons/metabolism*; Neuropeptides/physiology*
  6. Prasanna MV, Nagarajan R, Chidambaram S, Elayaraja A
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2012 Sep;89(3):507-11.
    PMID: 22684361 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0698-4
    A baseline study was carried out to assess the metal concentrations and microbial contamination at selected Lake waters in and around Miri City, East Malaysia. Sixteen surface water samples were collected at specific Lakes in the environs of major settlement areas and recreational centers in Miri City. The Physico-chemical parameters [pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO)], metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd, Ni and Zn) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were analysed. The concentrations of Fe, Mn and Ni have been found to be above the permissible limits of drinking water quality standards. The metals data have also been used for the calculation of heavy metal pollution index. Higher values of E. coli indicate microbial contamination in the Lake waters.
    MeSH terms: Electric Conductivity; Escherichia coli/isolation & purification; Malaysia; Metals/analysis*; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis*; Water Supply*
  7. Abdelwahab SI, Hassan LE, Abdul Majid AM, Yagi SM, Mohan S, Elhassan Taha MM, et al.
    PMID: 22685485 DOI: 10.1155/2012/490136
    Emerging evidence suggests that reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species can contribute to diverse signalling pathways of inflammatory and tumour cells. Cucurbitacins are a group of highly oxygenated triterpenes. Many plants used in folk medicine to treat cancer have been found to contain cucurbitacins displaying potentially important anti-inflammatory actions. The current study was designed to investigate the anti-ROS and -RNS effects of cucurbitacin L 2-O-β-glucoside (CLG) and the role of these signaling factors in the apoptogenic effects of CLG on human colon cancer cells (HT-29). This natural cucurbitacin was isolated purely from Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (Cucurbitaceae). The results revealed that CLG was cytotoxic to HT-29. CLG increased significantly (P < 0.05) RNA and protein levels of caspase-3 in HT-29 cells when verified using a colorimetric assay and realtime qPCR, respectively. The results showed that lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma (LPS/INF-γ) increased nitrous oxide (NO) production inR AW264.7macrophages, whereas N(G)-nitro-L-argininemethyl ester (L-NAME) and CLG curtailed it. This compound did not reveal any cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 macrophages and human normal liver cells (WRL-68) when tested using the MTT assay. Findings of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) assays demonstrate the antioxidant properties of CLG. The apoptogenic property of CLG on HT-29 cells is thus related to inhibition of reactive nitrogen and oxygen reactive species and the triggering of caspase-3-regulated apoptosis.
    MeSH terms: Antioxidants; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Lipopolysaccharides; Nitrogen; Nitrous Oxide; Oxygen; Triterpenes; Reactive Oxygen Species; HT29 Cells; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Cucurbitaceae; Citrullus; Caspase 3; Cucurbitacins
  8. Mackeen MM, Mooi LY, Amran M, Mat N, Lajis NH, Ali AM
    PMID: 22685487 DOI: 10.1155/2012/829814
    The in vitro antitumour-promoting, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities of two ester derivatives of garcinia acid, that is, 2-(butoxycarbonylmethyl)-3-butoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxy-3-propanolide (1) and 1',1''-dibutyl methyl hydroxycitrate (2), that had been previously isolated from the fruits of Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders (Guttiferae), were examined. Based on the inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation, compound 1 (IC(50): 70 μM) showed much higher (8-fold) antitumour-promoting activity than compound 2 (IC(50): 560 μM). In addition, both compounds were nontoxic towards CEM-SS (human T-lymphoblastic leukemia) cells (CD(50): >100 μM), Raji (human B-lymphoblastoid) cells (CD(50): >600 μM), and brine shrimp (LD(50): >300 μM). Although the antitumour-promoting activity of compound 1 is moderate compared with the known antitumour promoter genistein, its non-toxicity suggests the potential of compound 1 and related structures as chemopreventive agents. The weak antioxidant activity displayed by both compounds also suggested that the primary antitumour-promoting mechanism of compound 1 did not involve oxidative-stress quenching.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Antigens, Viral; Antioxidants; Artemia; Citrates; Fruit; Humans; Propiolactone; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Oxidative Stress; Genistein; Clusiaceae; Garcinia; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
  9. Shakirin FH, Azlan A, Ismail A, Amom Z, Yuon LC
    Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2012;2012:840973.
    PMID: 22685623 DOI: 10.1155/2012/840973
    The aim of this paper was to compare the effects of pulp and kernel oils of Canarium odontophyllum Miq. (CO) on lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress of healthy rabbits. The oils are rich in SFAs and MUFAs (mainly palmitic and oleic acids). The pulp oil is rich in polyphenols. Male New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits were fed for 4 weeks on a normal diet containing pulp (NP) or kernel oil (NK) of CO while corn oil was used as control (NC). Total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-c and triglycerides (TG) levels were measured in this paper. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidise), thiobarbiturate reactive substances (TBARSs), and plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) were also evaluated. Supplementation of CO pulp oil resulted in favorable changes in blood lipid and lipid peroxidation (increased HDL-C, reduced LDL-C, TG, TBARS levels) with enhancement of SOD, GPx, and plasma TAS levels. Meanwhile, supplementation of kernel oil caused lowering of plasma TC and LDL-C as well as enhancement of SOD and TAS levels. These changes showed that oils of CO could be beneficial in improving lipid profile and antioxidant status as when using part of normal diet. The oils can be used as alternative to present vegetable oil.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Antioxidants/metabolism*; Body Weight/drug effects; Cholesterol/blood; Corn Oil/pharmacology; Eating/drug effects; Fruit/chemistry; Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism; Lipids/blood*; Cholesterol, HDL/blood; Cholesterol, LDL/blood; Male; Plant Oils/pharmacology*; Rabbits; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism; Triglycerides/blood; Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects*; Dietary Supplements; Burseraceae/chemistry*; Polyphenols/analysis
  10. Ariffin F
    Br J Gen Pract, 2012 Jun;62(599):316.
    PMID: 22687219 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp12X649214
    MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Graduate*; Educational Measurement*; Great Britain; Internationality; General Practice/education*
  11. Siew EL, Chan KM, Williams GT, Ross D, Inayat-Hussain SH
    Free Radic Biol Med, 2012 Oct 15;53(8):1616-24.
    PMID: 22687461 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.046
    The Fau gene (Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus (FBR-MuSV)-associated ubiquitously expressed gene) was identified as a potential tumor suppressor gene using a forward genetics approach. Downregulation of Fau by overexpression of its reverse sequence has been shown to inhibit apoptosis induced by DNA-damaging agents. To address a potential role of Fau in benzene toxicity, we investigated the apoptotic effects of hydroquinone (HQ), a major benzene metabolite, in W7.2 mouse thymoma cells transfected with either a plasmid construct expressing the antisense sequence of Fau (rfau) or the empty vector (pcDNA3.1) as a control. HQ induced apoptosis via increased production of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage, measured using dihydroethidine (HE) staining and alkaline Comet assay, respectively, in W7.2 pcDNA3.1 cells. In contrast, when Fau was downregulated by the antisense sequence in W7.2 rfau cells, HQ treatment did not cause DNA damage and oxidative stress and these cells were markedly more resistant to HQ-induced apoptosis. Further investigation revealed that there was an upregulation of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), a detoxification enzyme for benzene-derived quinones, in W7.2 rfau cells. Compromising cellular NQO1 by use of a specific mechanism-based inhibitor (MAC 220) and NQO1 siRNA resensitized W7.2 rfau cells to HQ-induced apoptosis. Silencing of Fau in W7.2 wild-type cells resulted in increased levels of NQO1, confirming that downregulation of Fau results in NQO1 upregulation which protects against HQ-induced apoptosis.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Cells, Cultured; DNA Damage/drug effects; Flow Cytometry; Hydroquinones/pharmacology*; Ribosomal Proteins/genetics; Ribosomal Proteins/metabolism*; Thymoma/drug therapy; Thymoma/metabolism; Thymoma/pathology*; Thymus Neoplasms/drug therapy; Thymus Neoplasms/metabolism; Thymus Neoplasms/pathology*; Blotting, Western; Down-Regulation; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)/antagonists & inhibitors; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)/genetics; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)/metabolism*; Apoptosis/drug effects*; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism; Comet Assay; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics; Cell Proliferation/drug effects; Mice
  12. Mahadeva S, Goh KL
    Dig Dis Sci, 2012 Dec;57(12):3205-12.
    PMID: 22688184 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2256-7
    INTRODUCTION: The proportion of clinically significant endoscopic findings (CSEF) in dyspepsia affects the initial management of this condition. With the changing epidemiology of organic upper gastrointestinal diseases in Asia, current data on CSEF remains uncertain.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study of consecutive adult patients attending an open access endoscopy list for the primary indication of dyspepsia was conducted. Independent epidemiological and clinical factors for CSEF were determined prospectively.

    RESULTS: Data for 1167/1208 (96.6 %) adults (mean age 49.7 ± 15.9 years, 42.4 % males, ethnic distribution: 30.5 % Malays, 36.9 % Chinese and 30.8 % Indians) were analysed between January 2007 and August 2008. Three-hundred and eight (26.4 %) patients were found to have CSEF, most often those with age ≥45 years (30.3 vs 19 %, P < 0.0001), male gender (34.1 vs 20.7 % female, P < 0.0001), lower education levels (i.e. primary or no education), smoking (36.7 vs 24.9 %, P = 0.003), H. pylori infection (40.6 vs 21.8 %, P < 0.0001), and duration of dyspepsia ≤5 months (32.8 vs 24.4 %, P = 0.006). Age ≥ 45 years (OR 1.82, 95 % CI = 1.38-2.48), male gender (OR 1.84, 95 % CI = 1.53-2.59), H. pylori infection (OR 2.36, 95 % CI = 1.83-3.26), and duration of dyspepsia ≤5 months (OR 1.44, 95 % CI = 1.13-2.03) were subsequently identified as independent risk factors for CSEF.

    CONCLUSION: CSEF are found in 26.4 % of Asian adults with uninvestigated dyspepsia. Duration of symptoms <5 months, among other recognised factors, is predictive of CSEF.

    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dyspepsia/diagnosis; Dyspepsia/epidemiology; Dyspepsia/pathology*; Ethnic Groups*; Female; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Endoscopy, Digestive System*; Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
  13. Asshifa Md Noh N, Al-Ashraf Abdullah A, Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim M, Ramli Mohd Yahya A
    J Gen Appl Microbiol, 2012;58(2):153-61.
    PMID: 22688247
    A biosurfactant-producing and hydrocarbon-utilizing bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa USM-AR2, was used to assist conventional distillation. Batch cultivation in a bioreactor gave a biomass of 9.4 g L(-1) and rhamnolipid concentration of 2.4 g L(-1) achieved after 72 h. Biosurfactant activity (rhamnolipid) was detected by the orcinol assay, emulsification index and drop collapse test. Pretreatment of crude oil TK-1 and AG-2 with a culture of P. aeruginosa USM-AR2 that contains rhamnolipid was proven to facilitate the distillation process by reducing the duration without reducing the quality of petroleum distillate. It showed a potential in reducing the duration of the distillation process, with at least 2- to 3-fold decreases in distillation time. This is supported by GC-MS analysis of the distillate where there was no difference between compounds detected in distillate obtained from treated or untreated crude oil. Calorimetric tests showed the calorie value of the distillate remained the same with or without treatment. These two factors confirmed that the quality of the distillate was not compromised and the incubation process by the microbial culture did not over-degrade the oil. The rhamnolipid produced by this culture was the main factor that enhanced the distillation performance, which is related to the emulsification of hydrocarbon chains in the crude oil. This biotreatment may play an important role to improve the existing conventional refinery and distillation process. Reducing the distillation times by pretreating the crude oil with a natural biosynthetic product translates to energy and cost savings in producing petroleum products.
    MeSH terms: Biotechnology/methods*; Culture Media; Glycolipids/biosynthesis*; Glycolipids/chemistry; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Petroleum/metabolism*; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/growth & development; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolism*; Biomass; Bioreactors; Distillation/methods*
  14. Baddam R, Kumar N, Thong KL, Ngoi ST, Teh CS, Yap KP, et al.
    J Bacteriol, 2012 Jul;194(13):3565-6.
    PMID: 22689247 DOI: 10.1128/JB.00581-12
    Among enteric pathogens, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is responsible for the largest number of food-borne outbreaks and fatalities. The ability of the pathogen to cause systemic infection for extended durations leads to a high cost of disease control. Chronic carriers play important roles in the evolution of Salmonella Typhi; therefore, identification and in-depth characterization of isolates from clinical cases and carriers, especially those from zones of endemicity where the pathogen has not been extensively studied, are necessary. Here, we describe the genome sequence of the highly virulent Salmonella Typhi strain BL196/05 isolated during the outbreak of typhoid in Kelantan, Malaysia, in 2005. The whole-genome sequence and comparative genomics of this strain should enable us to understand the virulence mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of this pathogen in Malaysia and elsewhere.
    MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks*; Malaysia/epidemiology; Molecular Sequence Data; Salmonella typhi/genetics; Salmonella typhi/pathogenicity; Typhoid Fever/microbiology; Typhoid Fever/epidemiology; Virulence; Genome, Bacterial*; Sequence Analysis, DNA
  15. Seddighi Chaharborj S, Seddighi Chahrborj S, Sadat Kiai SM, Abu Bakar MR, Ziaeian I, Gheisari Y
    J Mass Spectrom, 2012 Apr;47(4):484-9.
    PMID: 22689625 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2041
    The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is applied to study the behavior of a hyperbolic rods of quadrupole mass filter and a sinusoidal potential form V(ac)  cos(Ωt). Numerical computation method of a 20th-order HAM is employed to compare the physical properties of the confined ions with fifth-order Runge-Kutta method. Also, comparison is made for the first stability region, the ion trajectories in real time, the polar plots, and the ion trajectory in x - y plan. The results show that the two methods are fairly similar; therefore, the HAM method has potential application to solve linear and nonlinear equations of the charge particle confinement in quadrupole field.
  16. Mustapha MA, Shahpudin SN, Aziz AA, Ankathil R
    World J Gastroenterol, 2012 Jun 7;18(21):2668-73.
    PMID: 22690076 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i21.2668
    To investigate the allele and genotype frequencies and associated risk of interleukin (IL)-8 -251T>A polymorphism on colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility risk.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Alleles; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Haplotypes; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic*; Risk; Software; Genetic Variation; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Colorectal Neoplasms/ethnology; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics*; Models, Statistical; Odds Ratio; Case-Control Studies; Interleukin-8/genetics*; Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  17. Hossain MS, Balakrishnan V, Rahman NN, Sarker MZ, Kadir MO
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2012 Mar;9(3):855-67.
    PMID: 22690168 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9030855
    A steam autoclave was used to sterilize bacteria in clinical solid waste in order to determine an alternative to incineration technology in clinical solid waste management. The influence of contact time (0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min) and temperature (111 °C, 121 °C and 131 °C) at automated saturated steam pressure was investigated. Results showed that with increasing contact time and temperature, the number of surviving bacteria decreased. The optimum experimental conditions as measured by degree of inactivation of bacteria were 121 °C for 15 minutes (min) for Gram negative bacteria, 121 °C and 131 °C for 60 and 30 min for Gram positive bacteria, respectively. The re-growth of bacteria in sterilized waste was also evaluated in the present study. It was found that bacterial re-growth started two days after the inactivation. The present study recommends that the steam autoclave cannot be considered as an alternative technology to incineration in clinical solid waste management.
    MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/growth & development; Gram-Positive Bacteria/growth & development; Medical Waste*; Pressure; Steam; Sterilization/methods*; Temperature; Time Factors; Colony Count, Microbial; Incineration
  18. Zaki FM, Sridharan R, Pei TS, Ibrahim S, Ping TS
    J Radiol Case Rep, 2012 Mar;6(3):1-8.
    PMID: 22690285 DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v6i3.745
    Neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) is a rare autoinflammatory disorder, which manifests early in infancy. We describe a case of a 10-year-old boy who has been unwell since infancy. He presented with urticarial rash, intermittent fever and hepatosplenomegaly followed by progressive arthropathy. His joint symptoms started at two years of age, which progressively involved multiple joints, resulting in bone and joint deformities. A series of joint radiographs demonstrated bizarre enlarging physeal mass with heterogenous calcification. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the involved right ankle and knee showed characteristic thickened and calcified physeal lesions, which enhanced post-gadolinium. This debilitating disease is also known to involve the central nervous system and eyes. This case report aims to highlight the conventional radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of this physeal abnormality in NOMID syndrome.
    MeSH terms: Ankle Joint/pathology; Ankle Joint/radiography; Arthritis/etiology; Child; Exanthema/etiology; Humans; Knee Joint/pathology; Knee Joint/radiography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes/pathology*; Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes/radiography*
  19. Abdul Rahman MZ, Salleh AB, Abdul Rahman RN, Abdul Rahman MB, Basri M, Leow TC
    Protein Sci, 2012 Aug;21(8):1210-21.
    PMID: 22692819 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2108
    The activation of lipases has been postulated to proceed by interfacial activation, temperature switch activation, or aqueous activation. Recently, based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulation experiments, the T1 lipase activation mechanism was proposed to involve aqueous activation in addition to a double-flap mechanism. Because the open conformation structure is still unavailable, it is difficult to validate the proposed theory unambiguously to understand the behavior of the enzyme. In this study, we try to validate the previous reports and uncover the mystery behind the activation process using structural analysis and MD simulations. To investigate the effects of temperature and environmental conditions on the activation process, MD simulations in different solvent environments (water and water-octane interface) and temperatures (20, 50, 70, 80, and 100°C) were performed. Based on the structural analysis of the lipases in the same family of T1 lipase (I.5 lipase family), we proposed that the lid domain comprises α6 and α7 helices connected by a loop, thus forming a helix-loop-helix motif involved in interfacial activation. Throughout the MD simulations experiments, lid displacements were only observed in the water-octane interface, not in the aqueous environment with respect to the temperature effect, suggesting that the activation process is governed by interfacial activation coupled with temperature switch activation. Examining the activation process in detail revealed that the large structural rearrangement of the lid domain was caused by the interaction between the hydrophobic residues of the lid with octane, a nonpolar solvent, and this conformation was found to be thermodynamically favorable.
    MeSH terms: Enzyme Activation; Lipase/metabolism*; Lipase/chemistry; Octanes/chemistry; Protein Conformation; Temperature; Water/chemistry; Molecular Dynamics Simulation*; Geobacillus/enzymology*; Geobacillus/chemistry
  20. Katiman D, Manikam J, Goh KL, Abdullah BJ, Mahadeva S
    J Gastrointest Cancer, 2012 Sep;43 Suppl 1:S187-90.
    PMID: 22692948 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-012-9373-6
    MeSH terms: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/adverse effects*; Doxorubicin/adverse effects*; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy*; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology; Humans; Liver Neoplasms/complications; Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy*; Liver Neoplasms/pathology; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tumor Lysis Syndrome/etiology*; Tumor Lysis Syndrome/pathology; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic/adverse effects*
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