Browse publications by year: 2016

  1. Fort H, Vázquez DP, Lan BL
    Ecol Lett, 2016 Jan;19(1):4-11.
    PMID: 26498731 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12535
    A frequent observation in plant-animal mutualistic networks is that abundant species tend to be more generalised, interacting with a broader range of interaction partners than rare species. Uncovering the causal relationship between abundance and generalisation has been hindered by a chicken-and-egg dilemma: is generalisation a by-product of being abundant, or does high abundance result from generalisation? Here, we analyse a database of plant-pollinator and plant-seed disperser networks, and provide strong evidence that the causal link between abundance and generalisation is uni-directional. Specifically, species appear to be generalists because they are more abundant, but the converse, that is that species become more abundant because they are generalists, is not supported by our analysis. Furthermore, null model analyses suggest that abundant species interact with many other species simply because they are more likely to encounter potential interaction partners.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Models, Biological*; Plants*; Population Density; Symbiosis*; Food Chain*; Pollination*; Seed Dispersal*
  2. Nasim W, Belhouchette H, Tariq M, Fahad S, Hammad HM, Mubeen M, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2016 Feb;23(4):3658-70.
    PMID: 26498803 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5613-1
    Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is an important yield limiting factor for sunflower production. The correlation between yield components and growth parameters of three sunflower hybrids (Hysun-33, Hysun-38, Pioneer-64A93) were studied with five N rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kg ha(-1)) at three different experimental sites during the two consecutive growing seasons 2008 and 2009. The results revealed that total dry matter (TDM) production and grain yield were positively and linearly associated with leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), and crop growth rate (CGR) at all three sites of the experiments. The significant association of yield with growth components indicated that the humid climate was most suitable for sunflower production. Furthermore, the association of these components can be successfully used to predict the grain yield under diverse climatic conditions. The application of N at increased rate of 180 kg ha(-1) resulted in maximum yield as compared to standard rate (120 kg ha(-1)) at all the experimental sites. In this way, N application rate was significantly correlated with growth and development of sunflower under a variety of climatic conditions. Keeping in view such relationship, the N dose can be optimized for sunflower crop in a particular region to maximize the productivity. Multilocation trails help to predict the input rates precisely while taking climatic variations into account also. In the long run, results of this study provides basis for sustainable sunflower production under changing climate.
    MeSH terms: Fertilizers/analysis*; Helianthus/growth & development*; Nitrogen/analysis*; Plant Leaves/growth & development; Biomass; Crops, Agricultural/growth & development*; Climate Change*
  3. Sheela PS, Choo WY, Goh LY, Tan CP
    J Gambl Stud, 2016 Jun;32(2):643-59.
    PMID: 26499201 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-015-9577-3
    There has been emerging evidence regarding gambling experiences of young people in Asia recently, but to date, none in Malaysia. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of gambling, and to identify individual, familial and high-risk behaviours factors among Malaysian adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted over 4 months at randomly selected secondary schools in Seremban in Negeri Sembilan state. A total of 2265 self-administered, anonymous questionnaires were distributed to the students. The students completed the questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic and family background, gambling behaviours, high risk behaviours and mental health questions. Approximately 29.6 % (95 % CI 27.7-31.5) of respondents reported participating in some forms of gambling activities in the previous 12 months. Among these, 3.6 % (95 % CI 2.8-4.3) of them were problem gamblers. Parental gambling was the strongest correlate with adolescent gambling behaviour. Signification association was found between gambling behaviour and gender (being males), but interestingly, not with ethnicity. Adolescents who reported engaging in high risk behaviours (such as smoking, alcohol consumption, involvement in physical fights, illegal vehicular racing) were also more likely to gamble. Gambling is not an uncommon phenomenon amongst Malaysian adolescents. Public awareness campaign, health education to targeted groups, revision of existing laws, and screening at primary care level should be implemented to address the issue of gambling among adolescents. This study also highlights the need to examine the national scope of the problem in Malaysia.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior/psychology*; Alcohol Drinking/psychology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gambling/psychology*; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Peer Group; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking*; Smoking/epidemiology; Socioeconomic Factors; Students/psychology*; Comorbidity; Prevalence; Substance-Related Disorders/psychology
  4. Maakip I, Keegel T, Oakman J
    Appl Ergon, 2016 Mar;53 Pt A:252-7.
    PMID: 26499952 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.10.008
    Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a major occupational health issue for workers in developed and developing countries, including Malaysia. Most research related to MSDs has been undertaken in developed countries; given the different regulatory and cultural practices it is plausible that contributions of hazard and risk factors may be different. A population of Malaysian public service office workers were surveyed (N = 417, 65.5% response rate) to determine prevalence and associated predictors of MSD discomfort. The 6-month period prevalence of MSD discomfort was 92.8% (95%CI = 90.2-95.2%). Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) analyses was used to compare a range of models and determine a model of best fit. Contributions associated with MSD discomfort in the final model consisted of physical demands (61%), workload (14%), gender (13%), work-home balance (9%) and psychosocial factors (3%). Factors associated with MSD discomfort were similar in developed and developing countries but the relative contribution of factors was different, providing insight into future development of risk management strategies.
    MeSH terms: Developing Countries; Malaysia; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Occupational Diseases; Surveys and Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Risk Management; Prevalence; Occupational Health; Workload; Developed Countries
  5. Brown PJ, Wong KK, Felce SL, Lyne L, Spearman H, Soilleux EJ, et al.
    Leukemia, 2016 Mar;30(3):605-16.
    PMID: 26500140 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.299
    The FOXP1 (forkhead box P1) transcription factor is a marker of poor prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here microarray analysis of FOXP1-silenced DLBCL cell lines identified differential regulation of immune response signatures and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) genes as some of the most significant differences between germinal center B-cell (GCB)-like DLBCL with full-length FOXP1 protein expression versus activated B-cell (ABC)-like DLBCL expressing predominantly short FOXP1 isoforms. In an independent primary DLBCL microarray data set, multiple MHC II genes, including human leukocyte antigen DR alpha chain (HLA-DRA), were inversely correlated with FOXP1 transcript expression (P<0.05). FOXP1 knockdown in ABC-DLBCL cells led to increased cell-surface expression of HLA-DRA and CD74. In R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone)-treated DLBCL patients (n=150), reduced HLA-DRA (<90% frequency) expression correlated with inferior overall survival (P=0.0003) and progression-free survival (P=0.0012) and with non-GCB subtype stratified by the Hans, Choi or Visco-Young algorithms (all P<0.01). In non-GCB DLBCL cases with <90% HLA-DRA, there was an inverse correlation with the frequency (P=0.0456) and intensity (P=0.0349) of FOXP1 expression. We propose that FOXP1 represents a novel regulator of genes targeted by the class II MHC transactivator CIITA (MHC II and CD74) and therapeutically targeting the FOXP1 pathway may improve antigen presentation and immune surveillance in high-risk DLBCL patients.
  6. Suely A, Zabed H, Ahmed AB, Mohamad J, Nasiruddin M, Sahu JN, et al.
    Fish Physiol Biochem, 2016 Apr;42(2):431-44.
    PMID: 26501361 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0149-3
    Increasing demand for eco-friendly botanical piscicides and pesticides as replacements for harmful synthetic chemicals has led to investigation of new sources of plant materials. Stem bark of Terminalia arjuna, which has been used as a popular folk medicine since ancient time, was examined for its piscicidal activity. This study aims to determine toxicity of ethanol extract of T. arjuna bark on fresh water stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis), along with evaluation of changes in hematological parameters of the fishes exposed to a lethal concentration. The percent mortality of fishes varied significantly in response to concentrations of the extract and exposure times (between exposure time F = 36.57, p < 0.001; between concentrations F = 39.93, p < 0.001). The lethal concentrations (LC50) of ethanol extract were found to be 12.7, 8.94, 5.63 and 4.71 mg/l for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. During acute toxicity test, blood samples of treatment fishes showed significant decreases in the red blood cells count, hematocrit content, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and plasma protein level when compared to those of the control group, while there were significant increases in the mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, white blood cells count and plasma glucose concentration. These results suggest that T. arjuna bark extract could be considered as a potent piscicide due to its toxic effect on fish, particularly fish hematology.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Catfishes/physiology*; Pest Control, Biological; Pesticides/toxicity*; Plant Extracts/toxicity*; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity*; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Terminalia/chemistry*
  7. Ricos MG, Hodgson BL, Pippucci T, Saidin A, Ong YS, Heron SE, et al.
    Ann Neurol, 2016 Jan;79(1):120-31.
    PMID: 26505888 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24547
    Focal epilepsies are the most common form observed and have not generally been considered to be genetic in origin. Recently, we identified mutations in DEPDC5 as a cause of familial focal epilepsy. In this study, we investigated whether mutations in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulators, NPRL2 and NPRL3, also contribute to cases of focal epilepsy.
    MeSH terms: Epilepsies, Partial/genetics*; Humans; Mutation; Pedigree; Repressor Proteins/genetics*; Signal Transduction/genetics*; Sequence Analysis, DNA; GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics*; Gene Expression Profiling; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics*; Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism*; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism*; Exome
  8. Yuan Y, Wang YB, Jiang Y, Prasad KN, Yang J, Qu H, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2016 Jan;82:696-701.
    PMID: 26505952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.069
    The water-soluble bioactive polysaccharides can contribute to the health benefits of Lycium barbarium fruit. However, the structure characteristics of these polysaccharides remain unclear yet. An important polysaccharide (LBPA) was isolated and purified from L. barbarium in this work. It was identified by chemical and spectroscopic methods as arabinogalactan with β-d-(1→6)-galactan as backbone, which was different to any reported polysaccharides from this species before. This arabinogalactan was comprised of Araf, Galp, GlcpA and Rhap with a molar ratio of 9.2:6.6:1.0:0.9. The side chains, including α-l-Araf-(1→, α-l-Araf-(1→5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, β-l-Araf-(1→5)-α-l-Araf-(1→ and α-l-Rhap-(1→4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, were linked to β-d-(1→6)-galactan at O-3. The putative structure was drawn as below. The molecular weight was determined to be 470,000g/mol by gel permeation chromatography.
    MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry*; Methylation; Molecular Weight; Monosaccharides/chemistry; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Plant Extracts/isolation & purification; Plant Extracts/chemistry*; Polysaccharides/isolation & purification; Polysaccharides/chemistry*; Molecular Structure; Lycium/chemistry*
  9. Rathnayake S, Athukorala Y, Siop S
    Nurse Educ Today, 2016 Jan;36:439-44.
    PMID: 26507448 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2015.10.007
    With the increased number of older people globally, caring for older people has become a challenge for many countries. Nurses have a pivotal role in providing quality care for older people and care is affected by their attitudes. The preparation of nurses to deliver quality care needs to be instilled during their studying in the Schools of Nursing.
  10. Mesjasz-Przybylowicz J, Przybylowicz W, Barnabas A, van der Ent A
    New Phytol, 2016 Mar;209(4):1513-26.
    PMID: 26508435 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13712
    Phyllanthus balgooyi (Phyllanthaceae), one of > 20 nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulator plant species known in Sabah (Malaysia) on the island of Borneo, is remarkable because it contains > 16 wt% Ni in its phloem sap, the second highest concentration of Ni in any living material in the world (after Pycnandra acuminata (Sapotaceae) from New Caledonia with 25 wt% Ni in latex). This study focused on the tissue-level distribution of Ni and other elements in the leaves, petioles and stem of P. balgooyi using nuclear microprobe imaging (micro-PIXE). The results show that in the stems and petioles of P. balgooyi Ni concentrations were very high in the phloem, while in the leaves there was significant enrichment of this element in the major vascular bundles. In the leaves, cobalt (Co) was codistributed with Ni, while the distribution of manganese (Mn) was different. The highest enrichment of calcium (Ca) in the stems was in the periderm, the epidermis and subepidermis of the petiole, and in the palisade mesophyll of the leaf. Preferential accumulation of Ni in the vascular tracts suggests that Ni is present in a metabolically active form. The elemental distribution of P. balgooyi differs from those of many other Ni hyperaccumulator plant species from around the world where Ni is preferentially accumulated in leaf epidermal cells.
    MeSH terms: Borneo; Nickel/metabolism*; Soil; Trees/metabolism*; Ecosystem; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology; Plant Leaves/cytology; Plant Leaves/metabolism; Plant Stems/anatomy & histology; Plant Stems/cytology; Plant Stems/metabolism; Phyllanthus/metabolism*; Plant Vascular Bundle/metabolism*
  11. Srichan W, Thasanasuwan W, Kijboonchoo K, Rojroongwasinkul N, Wimonpeerapattana W, Khouw I, et al.
    Eur J Clin Nutr, 2016 08;70(8):894-7.
    PMID: 26508460 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.180
    BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is used to measure bone quality and is known to be safe, radiation free and relatively inexpensive compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) that is considered the gold standard for bone status assessments. However, there is no consensus regarding the validity of QUS for measuring bone status. The aim of this study was to compare QUS and DXA in assessing bone status in Thai children.

    SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 181 Thai children (90 boys and 91 girls) aged 6 to 12 years were recruited. Bone status was measured by two different techniques in terms of the speed of sound (SOS) using QUS and bone mineral density (BMD) using DXA. Calcium intake was assessed by 24 h diet recall. Pearson's correlation, κ-statistic and Bland and Altman analysis were used to assess the agreement between the methods.

    RESULTS: There was no correlation between the two different techniques. Mean difference (s.d.) of the Z-scores of BMD and SOS was -0.61 (1.27) that was different from zero (P<0.05). Tertiles of Z-scores of BMD and QUS showed low agreement (κ 0.022, P=0.677) and the limits of agreement in Bland and Altman statistics were wide.

    CONCLUSIONS: Although QUS is easy and convenient to use, the SOS measurements at the radius seem not appropriate for assessing bone quality status.

    MeSH terms: Child; Female; Humans; Male; Thailand; Ultrasonography/methods; Ultrasonography/statistics & numerical data*; Reproducibility of Results; Absorptiometry, Photon/methods; Absorptiometry, Photon/statistics & numerical data*; Bone Density*
  12. Tay E, Muda N, Yap J, Muller DW, Santoso T, Walters DL, et al.
    Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 2016 Jun;87(7):E275-81.
    PMID: 26508564 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.26289
    OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to describe and compare the use of the MitraClip therapy in mitral regurgitation (MR) patients with degenerative MR (DMR) and functional MR (FMR).

    INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous edge-to-edge repair of severe MR using the MitraClip device is approved for use in the USA for high risk DMR while European guidelines include its use in FMR patients as well.

    METHODS: The MitraClip in the Asia-Pacific Registry (MARS) is a multicenter retrospective registry, involving eight sites in five Asia-Pacific countries. Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, procedural outcomes and 1-month outcomes [death and major adverse events (MAE)] were compared between FMR and DMR patients treated with the MitraClip.

    RESULTS: A total of 163 patients were included from 2011 to 2014. The acute procedural success rates for FMR (95.5%, n = 84) and DMR (92%, n = 69) were similar (P = 0.515). 45% of FMR had ≥2 clips inserted compared to 60% of those with DMR (P = 0.064).The 30-day mortality rate for FMR and DMR was similar at 4.5% and 6.7% respectively (P = 0.555). The 30-day MAE rate was 9.2% for FMR and 14.7% for DMR (P = 0.281). Both FMR and DMR patients had significant improvements in the severity of MR and NYHA class after 30 days. There was a significantly greater reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (P = 0.002) and end systolic diameter (P = 0.017) in DMR than in FMR.

    CONCLUSIONS: The MitraClip therapy is a safe and efficacious treatment option for both FMR and DMR. Although, there is a significantly greater reduction in LV volumes in DMR, patients in both groups report clinical benefit with improvement in functional class. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

    MeSH terms: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asia; Australia; Echocardiography; Female; Cardiac Catheterization/adverse effects; Cardiac Catheterization/instrumentation*; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Insufficiency/physiopathology; Mitral Valve Insufficiency/therapy*; Registries; Retrospective Studies; Stroke Volume; Time Factors; Ventricular Function, Left; Treatment Outcome; Recovery of Function
  13. Gindre C, Lussiana T, Hebert-Losier K, Mourot L
    Int J Sports Med, 2016 Jan;37(1):25-9.
    PMID: 26509380 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1555931
    Biomechanical parameters are often analyzed independently, although running gait is a dynamic system wherein changes in one parameter are likely to affect another. Accordingly, the Volodalen® method provides a model for classifying running patterns into 2 categories, aerial and terrestrial, using a global subjective rating scoring system. We aimed to validate the Volodalen® method by verifying whether the aerial and terrestrial patterns, defined subjectively by a running coach, were associated with distinct objectively-measured biomechanical parameters. The running patterns of 91 individuals were assessed subjectively using the Volodalen® method by an expert running coach during a 10-min running warm-up. Biomechanical parameters were measured objectively using the OptojumpNext® during a 50-m run performed at 3.3, 4.2, and 5 m·s(-1) and were compared between aerial- and terrestrial-classified subjects. Longer contact times and greater leg compression were observed in the terrestrial compared to the aerial runners. The aerial runners exhibited longer flight time, greater center of mass displacement, maximum vertical force and leg stiffness than the terrestrial ones. The subjective categorization of running patterns was associated with distinct objectively-quantified biomechanical parameters. Our results suggest that a subjective holistic assessment of running patterns provides insight into the biomechanics of running gaits of individuals.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Biomechanical Phenomena; Exercise Test; Female; Gait/physiology*; Humans; Leg/physiology; Male; Physical Education and Training; Running/classification*; Running/physiology*
  14. Wong JG, Lai XJ, Sarafian RY, Wong HS, Smith JB
    Retin Cases Brief Rep, 2016;10(3):221-4.
    PMID: 26509999 DOI: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000233
    PURPOSE: Choroidal nevus is the most common ocular fundus tumor in adults. Previous studies have widely discussed the features of choroidal neovascularization secondary to nevus and its treatment options. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is an exudative chorioretinopathy that is often underdiagnosed. Clinical features, natural history, and treatment response of PCV are distinct from occult choroidal neovascularization. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy secondary to choroidal nevus has not been previously documented. We report a patient with a history of stable choroidal nevus who developed a polypoidal lesion at the edge of the nevus lesion.

    METHODS: A white woman who presented with a choroidal nevus and clinical features of PCV was examined using fundoscopy, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography.

    RESULTS: A polypoidal lesion with an associated branching vascular network adjacent to the nevus was demonstrated by optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography. The patient was asymptomatic and was managed conservatively.

    CONCLUSION: Our case showed that PCV developing in association with a stable choroidal nevus. Pathogenic mechanisms of this condition may include chronic degenerative or inflammatory changes at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium resulting in vascular changes. Unlike treatment of occult choroidal neovascularization secondary to nevus, optimal management of PCV secondary to nevus may vary. Indocyanine green angiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of PCV and is a useful investigation in atypical choroidal neovascularization.

    MeSH terms: Choroid Neoplasms/complications*; Choroid Neoplasms/pathology; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nevus/complications*; Nevus/pathology; Choroidal Neovascularization/etiology*; Choroidal Neovascularization/pathology; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/pathology
  15. Mienda BS, Shamsir MS, Md Illias R
    J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2016 Nov;34(11):2305-16.
    PMID: 26510527 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1113387
    Succinic acid is an important platform chemical that has broad applications and is been listed as one of the top twelve bio-based chemicals produced from biomass by the US Department of Energy. The metabolic role of Escherichia coli formate dehydrogenase-O (fdoH) under anaerobic conditions in relation to succinic acid production remained largely unspecified. Herein we report, what are to our knowledge, the first metabolic fdoH gene knockout that have enhanced succinate production using glucose and glycerol substrates in E. coli. Using the most recent E. coli reconstruction iJO1366, we engineered its host metabolism to enhance the anaerobic succinate production by deleting the fdoH gene, which blocked H(+) conduction across the mutant cell membrane for the enhanced succinate production. The engineered mutant strain BMS4 showed succinate production of 2.05 g l(-1) (41.2-fold in 7 days) from glycerol and .39 g l(-1) (6.2-fold in 1 day) from glucose. This work revealed that a single deletion of the fdoH gene is sufficient to increase succinate production in E. coli from both glucose and glycerol substrates.
    MeSH terms: Escherichia coli/genetics*; Escherichia coli/metabolism*; Formate Dehydrogenases/genetics*; Glucose/metabolism*; Glycerol/metabolism*; Sequence Deletion; Computational Biology; Succinic Acid/metabolism*; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Gene Knockout Techniques
  16. Jayanath S, Ong LC, Marret MJ, Fauzi AA
    Dev Med Child Neurol, 2016 Apr;58(4):395-401.
    PMID: 26510627 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12943
    This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence, frequency, and intensity of parent-reported pain among non-verbal children with cerebral palsy (CP) and explore associations with medical, demographic, and parental psychosocial factors.
    MeSH terms: Cerebral Palsy; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Pain; Parents; Prevalence
  17. Chin FW, Chan SC, Abdul Rahman S, Noor Akmal S, Rosli R
    Breast J, 2016 Jan-Feb;22(1):54-62.
    PMID: 26510986 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12518
    The cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily D, polypeptide 6 (CYP2D6) is an enzyme that is predominantly involved in the metabolism of tamoxifen. Genetic polymorphisms of the CYP2D6 gene may contribute to inter-individual variability in tamoxifen metabolism, which leads to the differences in clinical response to tamoxifen among breast cancer patients. In Malaysia, the knowledge on CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms as well as metabolizer status in Malaysian breast cancer patients remains unknown. Hence, this study aimed to comprehensively identify CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms among 80 Malaysian breast cancer patients. The genetic polymorphisms of all the 9 exons of CYP2D6 gene were identified using high-resolution melting analysis and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Seven CYP2D6 alleles consisting of CYP2D6*1, CYP2D6*2, CYP2D6*4, CYP2D6*10, CYP2D6*39, CYP2D6*49, and CYP2D6*75 were identified in this study. Among these alleles, CYP2D6*10 is the most common allele in both Malaysian Malay (54.8%) and Chinese (71.4%) breast cancer patients, whereas CYP2D6*4 in Malaysian Indian (28.6%) breast cancer patients. In relation to CYP2D6 genotype, CYP2D6*10/*10 is more frequently observed in both Malaysian Malay (28.9%) and Chinese (57.1%) breast cancer patients, whereas CYP2D6*4/*10 is more frequently observed in Malaysian Indian (42.8%) breast cancer patients. In terms of CYP2D6 phenotype, 61.5% of Malaysian Malay breast cancer patients are predicted as extensive metabolizers in which they are most likely to respond well to tamoxifen therapy. However, 57.1% of Chinese as well as Indian breast cancer patients are predicted as intermediate metabolizers and they are less likely to gain optimal benefit from the tamoxifen therapy. This is the first report of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms and phenotypes in Malaysian breast cancer patients for different ethnicities. These data may aid clinicians in selecting an optimal drug therapy for Malaysian breast cancer patients, hence improve the clinical outcome of the patients.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alleles; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy; Breast Neoplasms/genetics*; Female; Humans; Malaysia/ethnology; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Tamoxifen/therapeutic use; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6/genetics*; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics; Young Adult
  18. Jolly TA, Cooper PS, Badwi SA, Phillips NA, Rennie JL, Levi CR, et al.
    Psychophysiology, 2016 Feb;53(2):258-67.
    PMID: 26511789 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12565
    Although the relationship between aging and cognitive decline is well established, there is substantial individual variability in the degree of cognitive decline in older adults. The present study investigates whether variability in cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults is related to the presence of whole brain or tract-specific changes in white matter microstructure. Specifically, we examine whether age-related decline in performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a cognitive screening tool, is mediated by the white matter microstructural decline. We also examine if this relationship is driven by the presence of cardiovascular risk factors or variability in cerebral arterial pulsatility, an index of cardiovascular risk. Sixty-nine participants (aged 43-87) completed behavioral and MRI testing including T1 structural, T2-weighted FLAIR, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. Measures of white matter microstructure were calculated using diffusion tensor imaging analyses on the DWI sequence. Multiple linear regression revealed that MoCA scores were predicted by radial diffusivity (RaD) of white matter beyond age or other cerebral measures. While increasing age and arterial pulsatility were associated with increasing RaD, these factors did not mediate the relationship between total white matter RaD and MoCA. Further, the relationship between MoCA and RaD was specific to participants who reported at least one cardiovascular risk factor. These findings highlight the importance of cardiovascular risk factors in the presentation of cognitive decline in old age. Further work is needed to establish whether medical or lifestyle management of these risk factors can prevent or reverse cognitive decline in old age.
  19. Raina P, Sohel N, Oremus M, Shannon H, Mony P, Kumar R, et al.
    Inj Prev, 2016 Apr;22(2):92-98.
    PMID: 26512093 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2014-041476
    To assess risk factors associated with non-fatal injuries (NFIs) from road traffic accidents (RTAs) or falls.
    MeSH terms: Accidental Falls; Accidents, Traffic; Risk Factors; Age Distribution
  20. Islam MA, Auta M, Kabir G, Hameed BH
    Bioresour Technol, 2016 Jan;200:335-41.
    PMID: 26512856 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.057
    The combustion characteristics of Karanj fruit hulls char (KFH-char) was investigated with thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The TGA outlined the char combustion thermographs at a different heating rate and isoconversional methods expressed the combustion kinetics. The Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) methods authenticated the char average activation energy at 62.13 and 68.53kJ/mol respectively, enough to derive the char to burnout. However, the Coats-Redfern method verified the char combustion via complex multi-step mechanism; the second stage mechanism has 135kJ/mol average activation energy. The TGA thermographs and kinetic parameters revealed the adequacy of the KFH-char as fuel substrate than its precursor, Karanj fruit hulls (KFH).
    MeSH terms: Burnout, Professional; Fruit; Heating; Kinetics; Thermogravimetry; Biomass; Pongamia; Physical Phenomena
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