Browse publications by year: 2017

  1. Choi JR, Hu J, Wang S, Yang H, Wan Abas WA, Pingguan-Murphy B, et al.
    Crit Rev Biotechnol, 2017 Feb;37(1):100-111.
    PMID: 26912259
    Dengue endemic is a serious healthcare concern in tropical and subtropical countries. Although well-established laboratory tests can provide early diagnosis of acute dengue infections, access to these tests is limited in developing countries, presenting an urgent need to develop simple, rapid, and robust diagnostic tools. Point-of-care (POC) devices, particularly paper-based POC devices, are typically rapid, cost-effective and user-friendly, and they can be used as diagnostic tools for the prompt diagnosis of dengue at POC settings. Here, we review the importance of rapid dengue diagnosis, current dengue diagnostic methods, and the development of paper-based POC devices for diagnosis of dengue infections at the POC.
    MeSH terms: Point-of-Care Testing*; Dengue/diagnosis*; Humans; Paper
  2. Cheah WK, Ishikawa K, Othman R, Yeoh FY
    J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 2017 07;105(5):1232-1240.
    PMID: 26913694 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33475
    Hemodialysis, one of the earliest artificial kidney systems, removes uremic toxins via diffusion through a semipermeable porous membrane into the dialysate fluid. Miniaturization of the present hemodialysis system into a portable and wearable device to maintain continuous removal of uremic toxins would require that the amount of dialysate used within a closed-system is greatly reduced. Diffused uremic toxins within a closed-system dialysate need to be removed to maintain the optimum concentration gradient for continuous uremic toxin removal by the dialyzer. In this dialysate regenerative system, adsorption of uremic toxins by nanoporous biomaterials is essential. Throughout the years of artificial kidney development, activated carbon has been identified as a potential adsorbent for uremic toxins. Adsorption of uremic toxins necessitates nanoporous biomaterials, especially activated carbon. Nanoporous biomaterials are also utilized in hemoperfusion for uremic toxin removal. Further miniaturization of artificial kidney system and improvements on uremic toxin adsorption capacity would require high performance nanoporous biomaterials which possess not only higher surface area, controlled pore size, but also designed architecture or structure and surface functional groups. This article reviews on various nanoporous biomaterials used in current artificial kidney systems and several emerging nanoporous biomaterials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1232-1240, 2017.
    MeSH terms: Adsorption; Animals; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry*; Humans; Kidneys, Artificial*; Toxins, Biological/chemistry*; Nanopores*
  3. Siow SL, Mahendran HA, Wong CM
    Asian J Surg, 2017 Sep;40(5):407-414.
    PMID: 26922628 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2015.12.001
    OBJECTIVE: Intraluminal gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) located at the posterior wall and near the gastroesophageal junction represent a surgical challenge. We present our experience of laparoscopic transgastric resection for gastric GISTs of such location.

    METHODS: Data of seven patients undergoing laparoscopic transgastric resection were identified and retrospectively reviewed with regard to procedural steps and patient outcomes.

    RESULTS: Seven patients (4 men; mean age 64.1 ± 14.6 years) with gastric GISTs underwent laparoscopic transgastric resection from January 2010 to May 2015. Three of the seven GISTs were located near the gastroesophageal junction and the rest were found in the posterior wall of the stomach. All seven patients underwent successful laparoscopic resection without any conversions. There were no mortalities and no significant postoperative complications. Intraoperative endoscopy was performed for all patients. The mean operative time was 164.0 ± 59.1 minutes. Regular diet was resumed within 3 days on average and mean postoperative stay was 3.6 ± 1.3 days. All patients achieved complete R0 resection with a mean tumor size of 5.5 ± 1.1 cm. At a mean follow-up of 48.0 ± 13.4 months, all patients were recurrence free.

    CONCLUSIONS: GISTs of the posterior wall and in close proximity to the gastroesophageal junction can be safely resected laparoscopically using such an approach. Standard technique is required to achieve good oncological outcomes.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Esophagogastric Junction*; Feasibility Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastrectomy/methods*; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Laparoscopy/methods*; Retrospective Studies; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery*; Treatment Outcome; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/surgery*
  4. Chang CC, Ng CC, Too CL, Choon SE, Lee CK, Chung WH, et al.
    Pharmacogenomics J, 2017 03;17(2):170-173.
    PMID: 26927288 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.10
    Phenytoin (PHT) is a common cause of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Although HLA-B*15:02 is associated with PHT-induced SJS/TEN (PHT-SJS/TEN) in Han Chinese and Thais, the genetic basis for susceptibility to PHT-induced SCARs (PHT-SCAR) in other populations remains unclear. We performed a case-control association study by genotyping the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B alleles of 16 Malay PHT-SCAR patients (13 SJS/TEN and 3 DRESS), 32 PHT-tolerant controls and 300 healthy ethnicity-matched controls. A novel genetic biomarker, HLA-B*15:13, showed significant association with PHT-SJS/TEN (53.8%, 7/13 cases) (odds ratio (OR) 11.28, P=0.003) and PHT-DRESS (100%, 3/3 cases) (OR 59.00, P=0.003) when compared with PHT-tolerant controls (9.4%, 3/32 controls). We also confirmed HLA-B*15:02 association with PHT-SJS/TEN (61.5%, 8/13 cases vs 21.9%, 7/32 controls; OR 5.71, P=0.016) when compared with PHT-tolerant controls. These alleles may serve as markers to predict PHT-SCAR in Malays.
    MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/adverse effects*; Female; Gene Frequency; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Pharmacogenetics; Phenotype; Phenytoin/adverse effects*; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/diagnosis; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/genetics*; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/immunology; Odds Ratio; Case-Control Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Association Studies; HLA-B15 Antigen/genetics*; HLA-B15 Antigen/immunology; Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis; Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/genetics*; Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/immunology; Pharmacogenomic Variants*
  5. Ellis L, Skorska MN, Bogaert AF
    Laterality, 2017 Mar;22(2):157-180.
    PMID: 26932806 DOI: 10.1080/1357650X.2016.1151024
    BACKGROUND: Some evidence suggests that prenatal androgens influence both handedness and sexual orientation. This study sought to clarify how androgens, handedness, and sexual orientation are interrelated.

    METHODS: Data were obtained from large samples of students enrolled at universities in Malaysia and the US, including self-reported information on handedness, sexual orientation, and five somatic markers of prenatal androgen exposure (2D:4D, height, strength, muscularity, and athletic ability). Factor analysis of these somatic markers yielded two factors: a muscular coordination and a bone growth factor.

    RESULTS: In women, but not in men, ambidextrousness was more prevalent among those with homosexual tendencies. Modest and often complex associations were found between the androgen factors and handedness. Clear links between the androgen factors and sexual orientation were found, especially for muscular coordination. For males and females, intermediate sex-typical androgen exposure was associated with heterosexual preferences.

    CONCLUSIONS: Ambidextrousness appears to be somewhat more common among females with homosexual tendencies, but left-handedness is nearly as strongly associated with heterosexual preferences, particularly in males, as is right-handedness. Factors indicative of prenatal androgen exposure are associated with sexual orientation in theoretically predictable ways, especially for muscular coordination, but associations between prenatal androgens and handedness are complex.

    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Androgens/metabolism*; Body Height/physiology; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Fingers/anatomy & histology; Fingers/physiology; Homosexuality/physiology*; Humans; Functional Laterality/physiology*; Malaysia/epidemiology; Middle Aged; Motor Skills/physiology; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects*; Sex Characteristics; United States/epidemiology; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology; Heterosexuality/physiology*; Muscle Strength/physiology; Young Adult
  6. Darwish M, Aris A, Puteh MH, Jusoh MNH, Abdul Kadir A
    J Environ Manage, 2017 Dec 01;203(Pt 2):861-866.
    PMID: 26935149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.02.033
    Struvite precipitation has been widely applied for the removal of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) from wastewater. Due to the high cost of phosphorus (P) reagents, the current research trend was directed to find alternative sources of P, in order to maintain a sustainable NH4-N removal process. The current study investigated waste bones ashes as alternative sources of P. Different types of bones' ashes were characterized, in which the ash produced from waste fish bones was the highest in P content (17%wt.). The optimization of the factors affecting P extraction from ash by acidic leaching showed that applying 2M H2SO4 and 1.25 kg H2SO4/kg ash achieved the highest P recovery (95%). Thereafter, the recovered P was successfully used in struvite precipitation, which achieved more than 90% NH4-N removal and high purity struvite.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Phosphates; Phosphorus; Chemical Precipitation; Waste Disposal, Fluid*; Magnesium Compounds; Waste Water; Struvite*
  7. Dirilen-Gumus O
    Int J Psychol, 2017 Dec;52 Suppl 1:35-44.
    PMID: 26939908 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12264
    This study aims at comparing operational codes (namely, philosophical and instrumental beliefs about the political universe) of political leaders from different cultures. According to Schwartz (2004), cultures can be categorised into 3 dimensions: autonomy-embeddedness, egalitarianism-hierarchy and mastery-harmony. This study draws upon the 1st dimension (akin to the most popular cultural dimension of Hofstede: individualism-collectivism) and focuses on comparing the leaders of autonomous and embedded cultures based on how cooperative/conflictual they are. The main research hypothesis is as follows: the leaders of embedded cultures would be more cooperative than the leaders of autonomous cultures. For this purpose, 3 autonomous cultures (the UK, Canada and Australia) and embedded cultures (Singapore, South Africa and Malaysia) cultures were chosen randomly and the cooperativeness of the correspondent countries' leaders were compared after being profiled by Profiler Plus. The results indicated that the leaders of embedded cultures were significantly more cooperative than autonomous cultures after holding the control variables constant. The findings were discussed in the light of relevant literature.
    MeSH terms: Cross-Cultural Comparison*; Female; Humans; Leadership; Male; Politics
  8. Lee SWH, Ng KY, Chin WK
    Sleep Med Rev, 2017 02;31:91-101.
    PMID: 26944909 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.02.001
    Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that there is an association between glycemic control and sleep disturbances in patients with type 2 diabetes, but the extent is unclear. A systematic literature search was performed in nine electronic databases from inception until August 2015 without any language restriction. The search identified 20 studies (eight studies reporting duration of sleep and 15 studies evaluating sleep quality), and 15 were included in the meta-analysis. Short and long sleep durations were associated with an increased hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (weighted mean difference (WMD): 0.23% [0.10-0.36], short sleep; WMD: 0.13% [0.02-0.25], long sleep) compared to normal sleep, suggesting a U-shaped dose-response relationship. Similarly, poor sleep quality was associated with an increased HbA1c (WMD: 0.35% [0.12-0.58]). Results of this study suggest that amount of sleep as well as quality of sleep is important in the metabolic function of type 2 diabetes patients. Further studies are needed to identify for the potential causal role between sleep and altered glucose metabolism.
    MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism*; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism*; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated/analysis; Humans; Sleep/physiology; Sleep Wake Disorders/complications*; Time Factors
  9. Tan JH, Tan HC, Loke SC, Arulanantham SA
    Nephrology (Carlton), 2017 Apr;22(4):308-315.
    PMID: 26952689 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12761
    AIM: Calcium infusion is used after parathyroid surgery for renal hyperparathyroidism to treat postoperative hypocalcaemia. We compared a new infusion regimen to one commonly used in Malaysia based on 2003 K/DOQI guidelines.

    METHODS: Retrospective data on serum calcium and infusion rates was collected from 2011-2015. The relationship between peak calcium efflux (PER) and time was determined using a scatterplot and linear regression. A comparison between regimens was made based on treatment efficacy (hypocalcaemia duration, total infusion amount and time) and calcium excursions (outside target range, peak and trough calcium) using bar charts and an unpaired t-test.

    RESULTS: Fifty-one and 34 patients on the original and new regimens respectively were included. Mean PER was lower (2.16 vs 2.56 mmol/h; P = 0.03) and occurred earlier (17.6 vs 23.2 h; P = 0.13) for the new regimen. Both scatterplot and regression showed a large correlation between PER and time (R-square 0.64, SE 1.53, P 

    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Calcium Gluconate/administration & dosage*; Calcium Gluconate/blood; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Hypercalcemia/chemically induced; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/diagnosis; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/etiology; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/surgery*; Hypocalcemia/blood; Hypocalcemia/diagnosis; Hypocalcemia/drug therapy*; Hypocalcemia/etiology; Infusions, Parenteral; Kidney Diseases/complications*; Kidney Diseases/diagnosis; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Linear Models; Parathyroidectomy/adverse effects*; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
  10. Idris Z, Tan YC, Kandasamy R, Ghani RI, Abdullah JM
    J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg, 2017 Mar;78(2):210-215.
    PMID: 26968147 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1571161
    Symptomatic intracranial arachnoid cysts are commonly treated using neuroendoscopy. Cysts located within the posterior fossa may present a greater surgical challenge to the neurosurgeon due to the numerous vital neurovascular structures located within this confined space. Adding neuronavigation during endoscopy helps a neurosurgeon to visualize and utilize both anterior and posterior corridors safely to access and manage these lesions. We present three symptomatic posterior fossa arachnoid cysts that were treated successfully using minimally invasive neuronavigation-guided endoscopic neurosurgery utilizing the anterior transfrontal transaqueductal, anterior transfrontal transtrigonal, and posterior suboccipital infratentorial supracerebellar approaches.
  11. Ismail NA, Jusoh SA
    Interdiscip Sci, 2017 Dec;9(4):499-511.
    PMID: 26969331 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-016-0157-8
    Dengue infections are currently estimated to be 390 million cases annually. Yet, there is no vaccine or specific therapy available. Envelope glycoprotein E (E protein) of DENV mediates viral attachment and entry into the host cells. Several flavonoids have been shown to inhibit HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus entry during the virus-host membrane fusion. In this work, molecular docking method was employed to predict the binding of nine flavonoids (baicalin, baicalein, EGCG, fisetin, glabranine, hyperoside, ladanein, quercetin and flavone) to the soluble ectodomain of DENV type 2 (DENV2) E protein. Interestingly, eight flavonoids were found to dock into the same binding pocket located between the domain I and domain II of different subunits of E protein. Consistent docking results were observed not only for the E protein structures of the DENV2-Thai and DENV2-Malaysia (a homology model) but also for the E protein structures of tick-borne encephalitis virus and Japanese encephalitis virus. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to further evaluate the interaction profile of the docked E protein-flavonoid complexes. Ile4, Gly5, Asp98, Gly100 and Val151 residues of the DENV2-My E protein that aligned to the same residues in the DENV2-Thai E protein form consistent hydrogen bond interactions with baicalein, quercetin and EGCG during the simulations. This study demonstrates flavonoids potentially form interactions with the E protein of DENV2.
    MeSH terms: Dengue Virus/metabolism*; Flavonoids/metabolism; Quercetin/analogs & derivatives; Quercetin/metabolism; Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism*; Flavanones/metabolism; Flavones/metabolism; Molecular Dynamics Simulation*
  12. Ng WM, Chan CK, Takahashi N, Kawai N, Teh KK, Saravana R, et al.
    Singapore Med J, 2017 Feb;58(2):103-106.
    PMID: 26976222 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2016061
    INTRODUCTION: Injuries to the medial structures of the elbow due to overhead throwing games are well documented. However, variations of medial epicondyles are not well described, especially in athletes with fused medial epicondyles. In this study, we evaluated variations in the medial epicondyle of baseball players who were aged 15-17 years and had fused epicondyles.

    METHODS: In this cross-sectional observational study, 155 skeletally mature baseball players with unilateral medial elbow pain and 310 elbow radiographs were reviewed by two independent reviewers. The medial epicondyles were categorised into three groups: normal, elongated or separated.

    RESULTS: Among the 155 patients, 65 (41.9%) had normal epicondyles, 41 (26.5%) had elongated epicondyles and 49 (31.6%) had separated epicondyles. The medial epicondyle was larger on the dominant arm for 125 (80.6%) patients; the mean surface area on the dominant arm was 222.50 ± 45.77 mm2, while that of the non-dominant arm was 189.14 ± 39.56 mm2(p < 0.01). Among the three categories of medial epicondyles, separated epicondyles had the largest surface area, followed by elongated and normal epicondyles.

    CONCLUSION: Medial epicondyles in adolescent throwing athletes can be categorised into three different groups according to their shape (normal, elongated and separated). We observed a correlation between the shape and the surface area of the medial epicondyle in adolescent throwing athletes, with separated medial epicondyles having the largest surface area. Further studies and follow-up are needed to determine the prognostic value and clinical significance of these morphological variations.

    Study done in Japan
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Athletic Injuries/physiopathology; Baseball; Cross-Sectional Studies; Elbow/injuries*; Elbow Joint/physiopathology; Humans; Male; Radiography; Athletes*; Elbow Tendinopathy
  13. Vanoh D, Shahar S, Din NC, Omar A, Vyrn CA, Razali R, et al.
    Aging Clin Exp Res, 2017 Apr;29(2):173-182.
    PMID: 26980453 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0553-2
    BACKGROUND: Concepts of successful aging (SA), usual aging (UA), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been developed to identify older adults at high risk of Alzheimer's diseases (AD), however, the predictors have rarely been investigated in a single study. Thus, this study aims to explore the risk factors of MCI as compared to UA and SA among older adults, in a large community based cohort study in Malaysia.
    METHOD: 1993 subjects from four states in Malaysia were recruited. A comprehensive interview-based questionnaire was administered to determine socio-demographic information, followed by assessments to evaluate cognitive function, functional status, dietary intake, lifestyle and psychosocial status. Risk factors of cognitive impairment were assessed using the ordinal logistic regression (OLR).
    RESULT: The prevalence of SA, UA and MCI in this study was 11, 73 and 16 % respectively. OLR indicated that higher fasting blood sugar, hyperlipidemia, disability, lower education level, not regularly involved in technical based activities, limited use of modern technologies, lower intake of fruits and fresh fruit juices and not practicing calorie restriction were among the risk factors of poor cognitive performance in this study.
    CONCLUSION: This study will be a stepping stone for future researchers to develop intervention strategies to prevent cognitive decline.
    MeSH terms: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cognition; Feeding Behavior; Female; Health Status; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Cohort Studies; Geriatric Assessment/methods; Prevalence; Logistic Models
  14. Firouzi S, Majid HA, Ismail A, Kamaruddin NA, Barakatun-Nisak MY
    Eur J Nutr, 2017 Jun;56(4):1535-1550.
    PMID: 26988693 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1199-8
    AIM: Evidence of a possible connection between gut microbiota and several physiological processes linked to type 2 diabetes is increasing. However, the effect of multi-strain probiotics in people with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of multi-strain microbial cell preparation-also refers to multi-strain probiotics-on glycemic control and other diabetes-related outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes.

    DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, controlled clinical trial.

    SETTING: Diabetes clinic of a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

    PARTICIPANTS: A total of 136 participants with type 2 diabetes, aged 30-70 years, were recruited and randomly assigned to receive either probiotics (n = 68) or placebo (n = 68) for 12 weeks.

    OUTCOMES: Primary outcomes were glycemic control-related parameters, and secondary outcomes were anthropomorphic variables, lipid profile, blood pressure and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. The Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium quantities were measured before and after intervention as an indicator of successful passage of the supplement through gastrointestinal tract.

    STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis was performed on all participants, while per-protocol (PP) analysis was performed on those participants who had successfully completed the trial with good compliance rate.

    RESULTS: With respect to primary outcomes, glycated hemoglobin decreased by 0.14 % in the probiotics and increased by 0.02 % in the placebo group in PP analysis (p 

    MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Adult; Aged; Bifidobacterium; Blood Glucose/metabolism*; C-Reactive Protein/metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy*; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage; Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated/metabolism; Humans; Insulin/blood; Lactobacillus; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Exercise; Treatment Outcome; Probiotics/administration & dosage*
  15. Khalid T, Yunus N, Ibrahim N, Elkezza A, Masood M
    Clin Oral Implants Res, 2017 May;28(5):535-542.
    PMID: 26989853 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12831
    OBJECTIVE: To determine oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and denture satisfaction (DS) in patients provided with mandibular implant-supported overdentures (ISOD) retained by two different attachment types, and the association of mandibular bone volume with the change in patient-reported outcome, before and after implant treatment.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients (mean age 60.70  ±  8.7 years) received telescopic crown or locator attachments for ISOD and completed OHIP-14 (Malaysian version) and DS questionnaires, at baseline (T0 ) with new conventional complete dentures (CCD) and 3 months (T1 ) and 3 years (T2 ) after ISOD conversion. Mandibular bone volume was calculated from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) datasets using Mimics software. Mean changes (MC) in OHIP-14 and DS at intervals were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and effect size (ES). The association of bone volume, implant attachment type, and other patient variables with the change in OHIP-14 and DS were determined using multivariate linear regression analysis.

    RESULTS: The MC in OHIP-14 and DS scores from T0 to T1 and T2 showed significant improvement with moderate and large ES, respectively. Regression analyses for the change in OHIP-14 score from T0 to T2 showed significant association with implant attachment type (P = 0.043), bone volume (P = 0.004), and baseline OHIP-14 (P = 0.001), while for DS, the association was only significant with baseline DS score (P = 0.001).

    CONCLUSION: Improvement in patients' OHRQoL and satisfaction with ISOD was associated with their baseline ratings. Mandibular bone volume had a stronger association for improvement in OHRQoL compared to type of attachment.

    MeSH terms: Alveolar Process/pathology; Alveolar Process/surgery; Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods; Denture, Overlay*; Female; Humans; Male; Mandible/pathology; Mandible/surgery; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome; Patient Satisfaction; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported*; Patient Reported Outcome Measures*
  16. McKelvey A, Pateman K, Balchin I, Peebles DM, Rodeck CH, David AL
    Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2017 Jan;49(1):54-60.
    PMID: 26990029 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15917
    OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between total uterine artery blood volume flow rate (TVFR) and birth weight and gestational age at delivery, and to establish normal ranges of TVFR throughout pregnancy.

    METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of 334 nulliparous women booking antenatal care at University College London Hospital between August 2008 and September 2009. Women underwent a transabdominal ultrasound examination of uterine arteries for measurement of TVFR at 12, 20 and 24 weeks' gestation. Pregnancy outcomes were recorded and linear regression was used to study the relationship between TVFR and gestational age at delivery and birth weight.

    RESULTS: A total of 551 ultrasound scans were performed. There was a significant, positive correlation between TVFR at 11-13 weeks (TVFR1) and at 22-26 weeks (TVFR3) and birth weight. For every 100-mL/min increase in TVFR1 and TVFR3, there was an increase in birth weight of 45 g and 27 g, respectively. There was also a positive association between TVFR1 and gestational age at delivery, with a 1.4-day increase in gestational age for every 100-mL/min increase of TVFR1.

    CONCLUSION: Ultrasound measurement of TVFR in the first trimester is significantly associated with both birth weight and gestational age at delivery. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

    MeSH terms: Birth Weight; Blood Volume; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Prospective Studies; Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods*
  17. Ismail NIW, Jayabalan N, Mansor SM, Müller CP, Muzaimi M
    Addict Biol, 2017 Jul;22(4):967-976.
    PMID: 26990882 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12385
    Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a widely abused herbal drug preparation in Southeast Asia. It is often consumed as a substitute for heroin, but imposing itself unknown harms and addictive burdens. Mitragynine is the major psychostimulant constituent of kratom that has recently been reported to induce morphine-like behavioural and cognitive effects in rodents. The effects of chronic consumption on non-drug related behaviours are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic mitragynine treatment on spontaneous activity, reward-related behaviour and cognition in mice in an IntelliCage® system, and compared them with those of morphine and Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). We found that chronic mitragynine treatment significantly potentiated horizontal exploratory activity. It enhanced spontaneous sucrose preference and also its persistence when the preference had aversive consequences. Furthermore, mitragynine impaired place learning and its reversal. Thereby, mitragynine effects closely resembled that of morphine and THC sensitisation. These findings suggest that chronic mitragynine exposure enhances spontaneous locomotor activity and the preference for natural rewards, but impairs learning and memory. These findings confirm pleiotropic effects of mitragynine (kratom) on human lifestyle, but may also support the recognition of the drug's harm potential.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Behavior, Animal/drug effects*; Disease Models, Animal; Learning/drug effects*; Male; Punishment*; Reward*; Substance-Related Disorders/complications*; Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/pharmacology*; Mice
  18. Mokhtarudin MJ, Payne SJ
    PMID: 26991256 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2784
    Brain oedema is thought to form and to clear through the use of water-protein channels, aquaporin-4 (AQP4), which are found in the astrocyte endfeet. The model developed here is used to study the function of AQP4 in the formation and elimination of oedema fluid in ischaemia-reperfusion injury. The cerebral space is assumed to be made of four fluid compartments: astrocyte, neuron, ECS and blood microvessels, and a solid matrix for the tissue, and this is modelled using multiple-network poroelastic theory. AQP4 allows the movement of water between astrocyte and the ECS and the microvessels. It is found that the presence of AQP4 may help in reducing vasogenic oedema shown by a decrease in brain tissue extracellular pressure. However, the astrocyte pressure will increase to compensate for this decrease, which may lead to cytotoxic oedema. In addition, the swelling will also depend on the ionic concentrations in the astrocyte and extracellular space, which may change after ischaemic stroke. Understanding the role of AQP4 in oedema may thus help the development of a treatment plan in reducing brain swelling after ischaemia-reperfusion.
    MeSH terms: Astrocytes/metabolism; Brain/metabolism; Brain/pathology; Brain Edema/metabolism*; Brain Edema/pathology; Brain Ischemia/metabolism*; Brain Ischemia/pathology; Extracellular Space/metabolism; Reperfusion Injury/metabolism*; Reperfusion Injury/pathology; Stroke/metabolism; Stroke/pathology; Aquaporin 4/metabolism*
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