Browse publications by year: 2018

  1. Acharya UR, Raghavendra U, Koh JEW, Meiburger KM, Ciaccio EJ, Hagiwara Y, et al.
    Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2018 Nov;166:91-98.
    PMID: 30415722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2018.10.006
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Liver fibrosis is a type of chronic liver injury that is characterized by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix protein. Early detection of liver fibrosis may prevent further growth toward liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the past, the only method to assess liver fibrosis was through biopsy, but this examination is invasive, expensive, prone to sampling errors, and may cause complications such as bleeding. Ultrasound-based elastography is a promising tool to measure tissue elasticity in real time; however, this technology requires an upgrade of the ultrasound system and software. In this study, a novel computer-aided diagnosis tool is proposed to automatically detect and classify the various stages of liver fibrosis based upon conventional B-mode ultrasound images.

    METHODS: The proposed method uses a 2D contourlet transform and a set of texture features that are efficiently extracted from the transformed image. Then, the combination of a kernel discriminant analysis (KDA)-based feature reduction technique and analysis of variance (ANOVA)-based feature ranking technique was used, and the images were then classified into various stages of liver fibrosis.

    RESULTS: Our 2D contourlet transform and texture feature analysis approach achieved a 91.46% accuracy using only four features input to the probabilistic neural network classifier, to classify the five stages of liver fibrosis. It also achieved a 92.16% sensitivity and 88.92% specificity for the same model. The evaluation was done on a database of 762 ultrasound images belonging to five different stages of liver fibrosis.

    CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the proposed method can be useful to automatically detect and classify liver fibrosis, which would greatly assist clinicians in making an accurate diagnosis.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Female; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods; Liver/physiopathology*; Liver Cirrhosis/physiopathology*; Male; Middle Aged; Pattern Recognition, Automated; Probability; Sensitivity and Specificity; Software; Ultrasonography; Neural Networks (Computer); Elasticity Imaging Techniques
  2. Tan JP, Tam SM, Kiew R
    PhytoKeys, 2018.
    PMID: 30416344 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.110.25846
    Begoniayenyeniae is a new species of horticultural value known only from the Endau Rompin National Park, Peninsular Malaysia. It is similar to Begoniarajah with which it had previously been confused in the number of tepals and leaf characters. The new species is compared with three similar species, B.foxworthyi, B.rajah and B.reginula and photographs of all four species and descriptions of B.yenyeniae and B.rajah are provided. Molecular analysis using the ndhF-rpl132 chloroplast marker confirms the four species as distinct. Amongst native species, the three variegated species, B.yenyeniae, B.rajah and B.reginula, are some of the most popular Malaysian begonias in cultivation. Based on its restricted distribution, Begoniayenyeniae, under the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, is assessed as Critically Endangered.
    MeSH terms: Parks, Recreational; Animals; Chloroplasts; Confusion; Malaysia; Skates (Fish); Plant Leaves; Begoniaceae
  3. Okomoda VT, Koh ICC, Hassan A, Amornsakun T, Moh JHZ, Shahreza SM
    PeerJ, 2018;6:e5712.
    PMID: 30416879 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5712
    To obtain well spread chromosomes, the cytogenetic protocol for Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and Clarias gariepinus were optimized. This includes, the colchicine concentration (0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05%)/exposure duration (1, 3, and 5 h), hypotonic solution (distilled water or 0.075M KCl solution)/exposure duration (30 min, 1, and 2 h), the time of cell suspension preparation (at hypotonic treatment or before slide preparation) and chromosome aging period (0, 3, and 7 days in Carnoy's fixative). In addition, the type (i.e., fin, gill or kidney) and the amount of tissue (10, 50, 100 or 150 mg) were also investigated. Regardless of the species, the result obtained showed that well-spread chromosomes could be obtained using the following optimized protocol: Juveniles are injected with 0.05% colchicine (at one ml kg-1) and allowed to swim for 3 h. Then, 50 mg of gill tissue is made into cell suspension in 0.075M KCl for 1 h. The cell suspension is treated in Carnoy's fixative (changed three times at 20 min interval) and then aged for 3 days. Finally, chromosome slides are made and stained with 10% Giemsa for 1 h.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Catfishes; Chromosomes; Colchicine; Cytogenetics; Fixatives; Gills; Hypotonic Solutions; Swimming
  4. Husain MAA, Hashim S, Zakaria N, Mohamed Zin MR
    MethodsX, 2018;5:1346-1363.
    PMID: 30416978 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2018.10.011
    This paper describes the development of a custom-designed underwater scanner to support the experimental works for characterizing irradiated fuel stored in the TRIGA PUSPATI pool by means of radiography technique. Materials used to build the scanner are aluminum 6061, lead and teflon. Three main units that make up the scanner are rig structure, arm block and collimator. Collimator is designed to control radiation exposure by opening and closing the shutter. The experimental works were conducted underwater at 5-m depth hence water tightness is one of the main design criteria. Radiation in terms of gamma energy is captured by radiography film which after development and processing revealed the image of the radiation impact in terms of pixel and gray value. The film size used is 4in x 8in which was slot in the collimator. To validate the scanner, fuel element containing 8.5 wt% and 12 wt% enriched Uranium 235 were used. It was found that the experimental output is consistent with the fuel type and confirmed that the scanner is viable for fuel characterization study.
  5. Al-Absi AA, Al-Sammarraie NA, Shaher Yafooz WM, Kang DK
    Biomed Res Int, 2018;2018:7501042.
    PMID: 30417014 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7501042
    MapReduce is the preferred cloud computing framework used in large data analysis and application processing. MapReduce frameworks currently in place suffer performance degradation due to the adoption of sequential processing approaches with little modification and thus exhibit underutilization of cloud resources. To overcome this drawback and reduce costs, we introduce a Parallel MapReduce (PMR) framework in this paper. We design a novel parallel execution strategy of Map and Reduce worker nodes. Our strategy enables further performance improvement and efficient utilization of cloud resources execution of Map and Reduce functions to utilize multicore environments available with computing nodes. We explain in detail makespan modeling and working principle of the PMR framework in the paper. Performance of PMR is compared with Hadoop through experiments considering three biomedical applications. Experiments conducted for BLAST, CAP3, and DeepBind biomedical applications report makespan time reduction of 38.92%, 18.00%, and 34.62% considering the PMR framework against Hadoop framework. Experiments' results prove that the PMR cloud computing platform proposed is robust, cost-effective, and scalable, which sufficiently supports diverse applications on public and private cloud platforms. Consequently, overall presentation and results indicate that there is good matching between theoretical makespan modeling presented and experimental values investigated.
    MeSH terms: Cloud Computing; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Models, Theoretical; Software
  6. Yap MKK, Misuan N
    PMID: 30417596 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13169
    Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic non-communicable disease due to abnormal insulin actions causing uncontrolled hyperglycaemia. The treatment for T2DM, for instance, metformin and incretin mimetic, mainly focuses on the restoration of insulin sensitivity and secretion. Exendin-4 is a short incretin-mimetic peptide consisting of 39 amino acids. It is discovered in the venom of Heloderma suspectum as a full agonist for the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor and produces insulinotropic effects. It is more resistant to enzymatic degradation by dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 and has a longer half-life than the endogenous GLP-1; thus, it is further developed as an incretin hormone analogue used to treat T2DM. The helical region of the peptide first interacts with the extracellular N-terminal domain (NTD) of GLP-1 receptor while the C-terminal extension containing the tryptophan cage further enhances its binding affinity. After binding to the NTD of the receptor, it may cause the receptor to switch from its auto-inhibited state of the receptor to its auto-activated state. Exendin-4 enhances the physiological functions of β-cells and the up-regulation of GLP-1 receptors, thus reducing the plasma glucose levels. Moreover, exendin-4 has also been found to ameliorate neuropathy, nephropathy and ventricular remodelling. The therapeutic effects of exendin-4 have also been extrapolated into several clinical trials. Although exendin-4 has a reasonable subcutaneous bioavailability, its half-life is rather short. Therefore, several modifications have been undertaken to improve its pharmacokinetics and insulinotropic potency. This review focuses on the pharmacology of exendin-4 and the structure-function relationships of exendin-4 with GLP-1 receptor. The review also highlights some challenges and future directions in the improvement of exendin-4 as an anti-diabetic drug.
    MeSH terms: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Amino Acids; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; Hyperglycemia; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; Tryptophan; Venoms; Up-Regulation; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Incretins; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors
  7. Sinding MS, Gopalakrishan S, Vieira FG, Samaniego Castruita JA, Raundrup K, Heide Jørgensen MP, et al.
    PLoS Genet, 2018 11;14(11):e1007745.
    PMID: 30419012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007745
    North America is currently home to a number of grey wolf (Canis lupus) and wolf-like canid populations, including the coyote (Canis latrans) and the taxonomically controversial red, Eastern timber and Great Lakes wolves. We explored their population structure and regional gene flow using a dataset of 40 full genome sequences that represent the extant diversity of North American wolves and wolf-like canid populations. This included 15 new genomes (13 North American grey wolves, 1 red wolf and 1 Eastern timber/Great Lakes wolf), ranging from 0.4 to 15x coverage. In addition to providing full genome support for the previously proposed coyote-wolf admixture origin for the taxonomically controversial red, Eastern timber and Great Lakes wolves, the discriminatory power offered by our dataset suggests all North American grey wolves, including the Mexican form, are monophyletic, and thus share a common ancestor to the exclusion of all other wolves. Furthermore, we identify three distinct populations in the high arctic, one being a previously unidentified "Polar wolf" population endemic to Ellesmere Island and Greenland. Genetic diversity analyses reveal particularly high inbreeding and low heterozygosity in these Polar wolves, consistent with long-term isolation from the other North American wolves.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Genetics, Population*; Genotype; North America; Phylogeny; Genome*; Wolves/genetics*; Coyotes/genetics*
  8. Hossain MJ, Faruque MRI, Islam MT
    PLoS One, 2018;13(11):e0207314.
    PMID: 30419057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207314
    A new perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA) with high fractional bandwidth (FBW) is examined and verified for solar energy harvesting. Solar cells based on perfect metamaterial give a chance to increase the efficiency of the system by intensifying the solar electromagnetic wave that incident on the device. The designed structure is mostly offered in the visible frequency range so as to exploit the solar's energy efficiently. Parametric investigations with regard to the measurements of the design structure are fulfilled to characterize the absorber. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method-based CST simulator was used to keep the pattern parameters and absorbance analysis. The metamaterial shows almost 99.96% and 99.60% perfect absorption at 523.84 THz and 674.12 THz resonance frequencies. Moreover, absorption's FBW is studied, and 39.22% FBW is found. The results confirm that the designed PMA can attain very high absorption peak at two modes such as transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) mode. Other than the numerical outcomes demonstrated that the suggested configuration was also polarization angle insensitive. In addition, the change of absorbance of the structure has provided a new kind of sensor applications in these frequency ranges. Therefore, the suggested metamaterial absorber offers perfect absorption for visible frequency ranges and can be used for renewable solar energy harvesting applications.
    MeSH terms: Solar Energy*
  9. Othman, M. R., Mohammad Roose, A.R, Abdullah, S., Abdul Majid, N. N., Mohd Razali, I. S., Wan Husin, W.N.I.
    MyJurnal
    This study explores the use of Adolescent Problems and Risk Behaviours Inventory (IPERI) to predict the relationship of personal problems on risky behaviour among adolescence aged 14 to 17. The objective of this research is to analyse the influence of personal problems such as study problems, family support, financial problems, career indecision, peer influence, spiritual management and health condition on the development of risky behaviours among adolescents. The risky behaviours comprise of eight (8) behaviours which include discipline problems, physical bulling, suicidal thoughts, free sex, tobacco consumption, alcohol abuse, drug abuse and media influence. A survey using Adolescent Problems and Risk Behaviours Inventory (IPERI) is administered to three hundred and seventy-nine (379) respondents, age between 14 to 17. The analysis of Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Standard Multiple Regression showed the existence of significance between all the problem variables, study problems (r = .316), family support (r = .256), financial problems (r = .240), health condition (r = .134), peer influence (r = .189), career indecision (r = .185) and spiritual management (r = .242), with the risky behaviour variables. This research contributes to the profiling of adolescents’ risky behaviours which can guide the development of interventions in tackling adolescent’s risky behaviours.
  10. Ai, Siok Kho-Yar, Shameem, Rafik-Galea, Elise, Ai Hwee Kho
    MyJurnal
    Students’ unwillingness in communicating (WTC) English has many factors especially in second language acquisition. This study investigates the willingness to communicate (WTC) in English among ESL undergraduates in Malaysia. A hypothesised model that integrates WTC in English, motivation, self-efficacy, mindset, and performance was tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results show that the personality of learners are directly affecting motivation and WTC in English. Further, the results also demonstrate that both motivation and academic achievement influences WTC in English indirectly through self-efficacy. The final model correlates well with the data, thereby indicating the potential of academic achievement can contribute to ESL communication.
  11. Siew, Lee Cheng, Florianna Lendai Michael, Hana, Hamidi, Siti Mariam, Abdullah
    MyJurnal
    Work-related accidents is a controversial topic in Malaysia as evidenced by the increased number of occupational accidents throughout the years. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between management practices and safety performance in an or-ganization. The four management practices investigated are (a) training, (b) management commitment, (c) communication and feedback, and (d) employee involvement. The most effective safety practice is also identified. The data was collected at a manufacturing com-pany located in Shah Alam, Malaysia using closed-ended questionnaire. 95 respondents from the production line were involved in this study. The result found that training had a very weak relationship to the safety performance while the management commitment, as well as the communication and feedback, revealed to have a weak impact on safety perfor-mance. On the other hand, the analysis showed that employee involvement is the most ef-fective safety practice to the safety performance, as it had a moderate impact on safety per-formance.
    MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational; Communication; Feedback; Malaysia; Surveys and Questionnaires; Research
  12. Siaw, Cheau Jwu, Zaiton, Hassan, Siti Mariam, Abdullah, Edmund, Mark Kasa
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this study is to identify the relationship between employee attitude towards training (accessibility of training, social support for training and benefits of training) and employee retention in the telecommunication industry in Kuching. Eighty employees responded to the self-administered questionnaire. Simple random sampling was used to carry out the study. Data was analysed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression. Only social support for training had a significant and positive relationship to retention. Thus, it is recommended that managers and supervisors support employees in attending training as well as provide opportunities for employees to apply what they had learned in training as it will influence retention in the organization.
    MeSH terms: Attitude; Industry; Surveys and Questionnaires; Social Support; Telecommunications
  13. Md Jais Ismail, Loo, Fung Chiat
    MyJurnal
    Previous studies shows that to do two musical skills simultaneosly is not easy. This is more difficult
    when it been taught to children. However, the Dalcroze Eurhythmics Approach is believed can ease the
    children to coordinate the musical skills to present a good musical performance. This is a pilot study
    involving sample of 31 children from a primary school in Putrajaya divided into 19 boys and 12 girls.
    Respondents’ achievement were analysed after 12 sessions of intervention for three months. Result
    shows the mean score of the coordination singing and playing kompang is 61.7 with standard division
    12.47. There are 3 students scored Grade A, 10 scored Grade B, 13 scored Grade C, 4 scored Grade D
    and one student failed with Grade E. Because 30 students have passed the test, the reasearcher come up with the solution that the Dalcroze Eurhythmics Approach is relevant to be taught to increase children
    coordination skill which is sing and play percussion simultaneously.
  14. Jarisah Gondikit @ Theresa
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of the study was to evaluate the Post PT3 Program in a sub-urban secondary school
    located in the district of Tuaran, Sabah. The program aims to encourage all the form three students’
    attendance after they have taken the PT3 examination by occupying them with activities that would
    enhance their learning ability outside the classroom. This study used Stake’s Countenance evaluation
    model. The data were collected using observation, informal-interview and documentation techniques.
    The conclusion was: (1) Intended antecedents congruent to the actual antecedents, minor issues in both
    intended transaction/outcomes and actual transaction/ outcomes. (2) Post PT3 program worth to be
    sustained with support from the administration and teachers (3) Evaluator’s major concerns are lack of
    teachers’ participation and commitment in the implementation of the program.
  15. Mohamed Khairi Termizi, Mazlan Ismail
    MyJurnal
    Various claims have been made about the extinction of Malay Reservation Land in the country. Before
    independence, the land depreciation was due to the acquisition of land by the British colonial
    government for mining, opening of new villages during the communist threat and the mortgage and
    sale activities by the Malay landowners to non-Malays. After independence, land depreciation linked
    with the acquisition of land by the government through the Land Acquisition Act, 1960. This study is a
    content analysis study involving material derived from the secondary source text and earlier research
    findings. Emphasis is given to analyze the statistical size of Malay Reservation Land in the country.
    Results show that the allegations regarding the depreciation trend of the Malay Reservation Land is
    inaccurate and misleading. While the analysis of the size of the Malay Reservation Land found that the
    actual percentage of Malay Reservation Land in 2009 was 30.13 percent instead of 11.83 percent as
    claimed. The percentage grew steadily in 2013 to 31.85 percent. The analysis also found that there was
    confusion about the actual size of Malay Reservation Land in the country.
    MeSH terms: Depreciation; Environment; Government; Malaysia; Research; Colonialism
  16. Mohamad Noor Firdaus Sahul Hameed
    MyJurnal
    At present, social protection system is a requirement for those involved in all sectors of employment
    such as pensions to Government employees and Employees Provident Fund (EPF) to private sector
    workers. The primary basis of the system is to provide protection to address poverty, financial
    assistance and future guarantees. However, no structured social protection system was introduced to
    the informal sectors workers in Malaysia such as farmers and others. The purpose of this study is to
    examine the level of knowledge and acceptance of social protection systems among farmers in the
    Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA). This study involved 573 respondents covering 4
    regions within the MADA area. In conclusion, this study will examine the level of knowledge and
    acceptance of farmers on social protection systems in their communities.
    MeSH terms: Farmers; Agriculture; Employment; Financial Management; Malaysia; Pensions; Poverty; Public Policy; Surveys and Questionnaires; Private Sector; Informal Sector; Government Employees
  17. Azahar Che Latiff, Mohd Dahlan A. Malek, Wan Anor Wan Sulaiman, Puteri Hayati Megat Ahmed
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of integrative therapy treatment towards
    depression and aggression among prison inmates. Integrative therapy in this study refers to treatment
    module which are consisted of four integrated theories in a counselling process. It involved the
    combined therapy of Person Client Centred (PCC), Rational Emotions Behaviour Therapy (REBT)
    and Choice Theory Reality Therapy (CTRT) as technical treatment. Meanwhile, Stimulus Organism
    Response (SOR) act as educational principle or training. Integrative therapy is conducted on the
    respondents for six session of group counselling. This study is a quasi-experiment involving 160 depressed prison inmates (80 treatment; 80 control) and 140 aggressive inmates (70 treatment; 70
    control) from five prison institutions as the respondent for this study using purposive sampling.
    Inmates are identified as respondents using high cutting point of depression using Beck Depression
    Inventory (BDI) and high aggression using Aggressive Questionnaires (AQ). For the data analysis, nonparametric
    test such as Mann-Whitney Test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test were used based on the
    normality test using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test. Result from the Mann-Whitney Test
    shows that the treatment group had higher declining rate as compared to the controlled group for
    depression and aggression. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test also shows the same result as the treatment
    group indicates a decline in rate from the pre and post of the treatment compared to the controlled
    group. The results of this study are hope to act as the medium for using integrative model which is
    rarely use in studies in this country especially in the field of treatment for prison inmates. It is also
    expected that it can be applied in different setting which offer treatment service such as hospitals,
    social work institution, police institute, schools, higher learning institutions and others.
    MeSH terms: Aggression; Behavior Therapy; Counseling; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Emotions; Humans; Prisoners; Psychotherapy; Surveys and Questionnaires; Reality Therapy; Social Work; Police
  18. Cheam, Chai Li, Nurul Amanina Othman, Faten Noor Saadah Ahmad Khir Johari
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this paper is to determine tourists’ perceptions on spiritual experience, brand image,
    cultural attributes and service quality they experienced in Kota Bharu, the capital and administration
    centre of Kelantan, Malaysia. Kota Bharu was declared an Islamic City in 2005. It has many mosques,
    various museums, unique architectural old buildings and palaces. As the number of tourist arrivals to
    Kelantan is encouraging and contributing to the state income; it is important to examine what these
    tourists perceive during their stays in Kota Bharu Islamic City. Variance Based Structural Equation
    Modelling technique of Partial Least Square (PLS) was employed. The findings show that all the
    variables are significantly influencing tourists’ perception except for service quality. In other words,
    tourists’ perceptions of Kota Bharu are positively related to spirituality, brand destination and cultural
    attributes. Tourists’ perceptions play a crucial role as this will affect the future tourist arrivals in the
    state. Thus, the findings of the study will be useful in helping policy planners to understand how
    tourists perceived Kota Bharu and design policies to increase tourism receipts and to preserve tourism
    attributes.
  19. Nur Asiyah Che Saari, Wan Munira Jaafar, Nobaya Ahmad
    MyJurnal
    The present research sought to examine the teamwork performance among AIM microcredit
    participants based on Tuckman (1965) model. Hence, the author elaborates the level of teamwork
    process such as forming, norming, storming and performing in a group among AIM participant in
    Daerah Hulu Langat. The AIM is replication of the Grameen Bank approach in Malaysia and the
    teamwork concept was apply which is the scheme must be apply in a group and not in individual. Selfadministrative
    questionnaire was applied to conduct a data collection and a sample of 160 respondents
    among participant from Sungai Gabai, Sungai Ramal, Sungai Chua, Sungai Tangkas, Bukit Mewah,
    Semenyih and Sungai Jelok in Kajang were chosen based on stratified and simple random sampling
    techniques to complete the survey. Researcher suggests the finding indicate that the high level stage in
    teamwork process is forming, storming and performing stage. Only norming stage was in moderate
    level. Consequently, high and positive teamwork resulted efficiencies in the microfinance group.
    Teamwork with the right process can achieved positive outcome among AIM microcredit participants.
    MeSH terms: Malaysia; Surveys and Questionnaires; Research; Research Personnel
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