Composite fabricated from the combination of biodegradable polymer and bioactive filler is beneficial for bone tissue
engineering if the biomaterial can perform similar characteristics of the natural inorganic-organic structures of bone.
In this study, we have investigated the thermoplastic starch (TPS)/sol-gel derived bioglass composite as new biomaterial
for bone tissue engineering. The composites were produced using selected TPS/bioglass mass ratio of 100/0, 95/5, 90/10,
85/15 and 80/20 by a combination of solvent casting and salt leaching techniques. Tensile test results showed the addition
of bioglass increased the tensile strength and Young’s modulus, but reduced the elongation at break of the samples. The
modulus of all samples were higher than the requirement for cancellous bone (10-20 MPa). The SEM imaging showed
the presence of porous structure on the surface of all samples. XRD results confirmed the formation of hydroxycarbonate
apatite (HCA) layer on the surface of bioglass containing samples; indicating the occurrence of surface reactions when
the samples were immersed in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). Furthermore, the presence of P-O stretch band in FTIR
spectrum between 1000 and 1150 cm-1 and Si-O-Si stretch band at 1000 cm-1 also proved the bioactivity of TPS/bioglass
composite. The in vitro biodegradability analysis shows the biodegradability of TPS/bioglass composite decreases with
increasing mass ratio of the bioglass.
Kesan tiubnano karbon (CNT) terhadap pertumbuhan lapisan sebatian antara logam (IMC) bagi sistem pateri bebas
plumbum 96.5Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu/substrat Cu telah dikaji. Serbuk aloi Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC305) dicampurkan dengan 0.02 peratus
berat CNT untuk menghasilkan pes pateri SAC305-CNT. Kedua-dua pes pateri SAC305 dan SAC305-CNT dicetak secara
manual di atas permukaan papan litar bercetak (PCB) dengan kemasan kuprum (Cu) menggunakan kaedah percetakan
stensil. Sampel yang telah dicetak dikenakan proses pematerian aliran semula pada suhu 260°C. Sampel yang sudah
terpateri dikenakan ujian penuaan terma selama 200, 400, 600, 800 dan 1000 jam menggunakan ketuhar penyimpanan
suhu tinggi (HTS) pada suhu malar iaitu 150°C. Ketebalan lapisan sebatian antara logam (IMC) diukur menggunakan
alat Pengukuran Fokus Tak Terhingga (IFM®). Keputusan kajian mendapati kadar pertumbuhan lapisan IMC bagi sistem
SAC305/Cu-CNT adalah 25% lebih rendah berbanding dengan sistem SAC/Cu. Maka, dicadangkan bahawa penambahan
CNT boleh merencatkan pertumbuhan lapisan IMC sebanyak 25% akibat penuaan terma.
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan kandungan fosfat berbeza (X = 10, 15 dan 20% mol) terhadap pembentukan
morfologi permukaan, ikatan kimia, penghabluran, fasa dan kekuatan mampatan kaca sol-gel tersinter. Serbuk kaca
gel dengan komposisi 50SiO2
.(50-X).CaO.XP2
O5 (dalam peratusan mol) disediakan melalui kaedah sol-gel, dimampat
membentuk pelet dan disinter pada suhu 1200°C selama 3 jam. Didapati bahawa dengan peningkatan kandungan fosfat,
mikrostruktur kaca tersinter yang lebih padat terhasil disebabkan peningkatan pemadatan jasad, pengurangan keliangan
ketara dan pembentukan butiran dan sempadan butiran berhablur yang lebih besar. Peningkatan sebanyak 20% mol
kandungan fosfat meningkatkan vitrifikasi (fasa kekaca) pada permukaan kaca tersinter yang mana meningkatkan
pemadatan jasad kepada 83.56%, kekuatan mampatan pada 113 MPa dan penurunan peratusan penghabluran pada
sekitar 66%. Analisis EDS menunjukkan peningkatan kandungan fosfat menyebabkan peningkatan unsur Si-O pada fasa
amorfus dan unsur P-O pada fasa berhablur. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan berlaku pemisahan fasa kaya fosfat dan fasa
kaya silikat dan pada masa sama meningkatkan rangkaian tetrahedra silikat (Si-O-Si) dan fosfat (P-O-P) kaca tersinter.
Peningkatan kandungan fosfat meningkatkan kumpulan berfungsi berkaitan fosfat hablur dan mengurangkan kumpulan
berfungsi berkaitan silikat hablur. Ini menyebabkan peningkatan pembentukan fasa silikokarnotit, Ca5 (PO4)2 (SiO4)
dalam matriks kaca tersinter dengan peningkatan kandungan fosfat yang ditunjukkan melalui analisis XRD.
Information on semiconductor/superconductor interface is important in fabricating devices of such hybrid systems. In
this paper the electrical properties and AC susceptibility of Tl2
Ba2
CaCu2
O8
(Tl-2212) superconductor added with CdTe
semiconductor are reported. Samples with nominal starting composition Tl2
Ba2
CaCu2
O8
(CdTe)x with x = 0 to 0.20 weight
percent (wt. %) have been prepared by the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction patterns showed essentially
the Tl-2212 phase with presence of impurities (CuO and Tl2
Ba2
CuO6
) for x ≥ 0.05 wt. % but did not change the Tl-2212
structure which is tetragonal with lattice parameter a = b ≠ c. The critical onset temperature, Tc-onset for all samples was
between 104 and 108 K while the critical zero resistance temperature, Tc-zero was from 93 to 95 K. The superconducting
transition determined by AC susceptibility measurement showed Tcχ’ between 101 and 103 K. The peak temperature, Tp
of
the imaginary part of the susceptibility χ” decreased for x = 0.05 and then increased for x > 0.05. This indicated that the
superconducting grains were strongly coupled for x > 0.05 as a result of CdTe addition. The intergrain critical current
density, Jc
at Tp
for the x = 0.2 sample Jc (Tp
= 95 K) = 23 A cm-2was the highest among all samples. This sample also
showed the highest Tp
indicating CdTe improved the flux pinning of the Tl-2212 phase. This result can be useful in the
fabrication of semiconductor/superconductor (Tl-2212) hybrid devices.
Bioaccumulation of toxic metals in fish causes serious threats to human when they are consumed. Thus, the detection of
toxic element concentration levels in aquatic component is important. The accumulation of some heavy metals such as
Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in fish were determined. Ten species (Selaroides leptolepis, Decapterus maraudsi, Epinephelus
lanceolatus, Priacanthus tayenus, Rastrelliger, Megalaspis cordyla, Nibea soldado, Pristipomoides filamentosus, Bramidae
and Siganus canaliculatus) were collected from Terengganu coastal area, Malaysia. The analysis was done using
inductive coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) technique. In general, the concentration levels of heavy metals in
fish samples are lower than the previous study in various locations. The highest average level of heavy metal recorded in
fish is Fe followed by Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd and Pb. The metal concentration found in this study was lower than the national
and international recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for human consumption except Fe (52.33 × 10-2 ± 6.39 × 10-2
mg kg-1) which exceeded the limit of 0.3 mg kg-1. Long term monitoring system of metal bioaccumulation in fishes need
to be done to provide useful information for the assessment of the potential health risks of metals in Malaysia.
Zinc (Zn) deficient soil prevails throughout the world and it has become the bottleneck in achieving production potential
and quality of crops. The negligible use of micronutrients along with irregular use of macronutrients is practised for
fodder production in Pakistan. Varying levels of zinc (0, 5, 10 and 15 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1)
were evaluated for their effect on yield, quality and zinc uptake on fodder sorghum (variety Hegari) in a field experiment
for two consecutive years (2014 and 2015). Data were analysed by using Fishers’ analysis of variance (at p<0.05) and
response surface methodology (RSM). Correlation between different parameters was also studied. Application of zinc
and nitrogen improved the plant height, leaf area plant-1, green fodder yield, dry matter yield, crude protein percentage
and zinc content of plant but decreased the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and ash percentage. Values for
different parameters recorded at second and third levels of zinc and nitrogen were remained at par with each other.
Application of 10 kg ha-1 zinc and 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen showed an average increase of 7.3 and 18.6% in green fodder
yield while 12.1 and 15.8% in dry matter yield, respectively. Similarly 6.1 and 7.5% increase in crude protein was noted
over control. Correlation between NDF and ADF was negative with rest of the studied parameters. In conclusion, Zn2
and
N2
gave the best results in term of yield and quality of fodder sorghum.
The maturity of mango is usually assessed by the determination of its moisture content (m.c.), soluble solid content (SSC)
and pH. However, these techniques are either time consuming, tedious or destructive. In this research, we extend the
application of the open-ended coaxial probe technique to determine m.c. and pH of Chok Anan mango from its dielectric
properties from week 5 to week 17 after anthesis. The effects of frequency and m.c. on the values of the dielectric constant
and loss factor were also investigated. The critical frequency separating the different polarizations was found to be
inversely proportional to m.c. Also, in this research we proposed a new classification of fruit ripeness related to the number
of weeks after anthesis. The actual dielectric properties, m.c., SSC and pH of Chok Anan mango were measured using
standard methods. Relationships were established between the dielectric constant, loss factor, critical frequency, pH and
m.c. The accuracy for the determination of m.c. and pH using the coaxial probe was within 1.7% and 3.0%, respectively.
This study was conducted to determine the content of macronutrients and sugar in 30 types of food selected from three
zones in Peninsular Malaysia. The food samples consisted of 14 types of processed foods and beverages, 8 types of
fruits and 10 types ready to eat food. Each type of food and drink were purchased from selected restaurants, stores and
supermarkets from three different zones which were North zone (Perak), Central zone (Selangor) and South Zone (Johor).
Methods used for proximate analysis were based on the standard methods of AOAC (1997) while the total carbohydrate
was calculated by difference method. Total calories were calculated using Atwater method. Total sugar content were
analysed using high performace liquid chromatography (HPLC). Dietary fibre contents were determined by using a
combination of enzyme-gravimetric methods (AOAC 985.29 and AACC 32-05). The results showed that peanut butter has
the highest value of fat (44.75 ± 7.59 g/100 g), total calorie (611 ± 38 kcal /100 g) and dietary fibre contents (8.07 ± 0.98
g/100 g). Highest protein content (21.98 ± 2.57 g/100 g) was found in low-fat milk powder. The highest carbohydrate
(97.48 ± 1.47 g/100 g) and total sugar (86.7 ± 2.9 g/100 g) contents were found in palm sugar. The results of this study
will update and add up to the data for the Malaysian Food Composition Table and can provide useful information in
choosing healthy foods based on the nutrient contents of the food.
Oil palm is the major crop grown and cultivated in various Asian countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand.
The core of oil palm trunk (COPT) consists of high sugar content, hence suitable for synthesis of fine chemicals and
biofuels. Increase of sugar content was reported previously during prolonged COPT storage. However, until now, there
has been no report on protein profiles during storage. Therefore, in this study, protein expression of the COPT during the
storage period of one to six weeks was investigated using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
(SDS-PAGE) coupled with optical density quantification and multivariate analyses for measuring differentially expressed
proteins. Accordingly, protein bands were subjected to tryptic digestion followed by tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLCMS/MS)
protein identification. The results from SDS-PAGE showed consistent protein bands appearing across the biological
replicates ranging from 10.455 to 202.92 kDa molecular weight (MW) regions. The findings from the principal component
analysis (PCA) plot illustrated the separation pattern of the proteins at weeks 4 and 5 of storage, which was influenced
mainly by the molecular weights of 14.283, 25.543, 29.757, 30.549, 31.511, 34.585 and 84.395 kDa, respectively. The
majority of these proteins are identified as those involved in stress- and defense-related, disease resistance, as well
as gene/protein expression processes. Indeed, these proteins were mostly upregulated during the later storage period
suggesting that long-term storage may influence the molecular regulation of COPT sap.
Mangan oksida (MnO2
) poros nano yang mempunyai morfologi lapisan nipis telah disintesis dan diaplikasikan sebagai
penjerap pewarna sintetik komersial (remazol merah, eriokrom hitam dan metilena biru). Permukaan bahan silika
alumina yang telah diubah suai dengan 3-aminopropiltrietoksisilana (APTES) digunakan dalam proses sonokimia pada
suhu bilik dengan kehadiran 0.1 M kalium permanganat (KMnO4
) untuk menghasilkan komposit silika alumina-MnO2
.
Penyingkiran templat dijalankan untuk mendapatkan MnO2
tulen bersaiz nano. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan kehadiran
getaran MnO2
dalam julat 400 - 600 cm-1 dan corak XRD menunjukkan kehadiran birnesit jenis MnO2
. Isoterma jerapnyahjerap
N2
menunjukkan MnO2
tulen memiliki liang yang bersifat mesoporos iaitu 34.8 Å (± 0.4), manakala luas
permukaan MnO2
ialah 252.8 m2
/g. Penjerap MnO2
lapisan nipis yang diperoleh menunjukkan kebolehan menjerap
pewarna eriokrom hitam dan metilena biru masing-masingnya sehingga 54% dan 99% serta kapasiti penjerapan masingmasing
ialah 0.0024 dan 0.0077 mmol/g. Kedua-dua isoterma penjerapan eriokrom hitam dan metilena biru oleh MnO2
masing-masing menepati ciri-ciri Langmuir dan Temkin. Sementara itu data kinetik penjerapan eriokrom hitam dan
metilena biru kedua-duanya memenuhi tertib pertama pseudo.
Keluli karbon amat mudah terkakis dalam pelbagai persekitaran terutamanya dalam keadaan berudara lembap dan suhu tinggi. Oleh sebab itu, permukaan keluli karbon perlu dilindungi dengan bahan atau logam yang mampu menangani serangan kakisan yang agresif dengan membentuk lapisan oksida dan lapisan antara logam yang bersifat pelindung. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan mikrostruktur permukaan dan kekerasan salutan aluminium (Al) tulen yang telah dihasilkan melalui teknik celupan panas. Celupan panas dalam leburan Al tulen dilakukan pada suhu berbeza untuk mendapatkan lapisan salutan yang optimum. Keputusan teknik celupan panas menunjukkan dua lapisan utama terhasil iaitu lapisan luar Al dan lapisan dalam aluminit (Fe-Al). Manakala lapisan dalam aluminida terdiri daripada dua lapisan yang berbeza iaitu lapisan nipis luar FeAl3 dan lapisan tebal dalam Fe2Al5. Keputusan daripada ujian mikrokekerasan Vickers menunjukkan bahawa nilai kekerasan lapisan aluminida meningkat dengan peningkatan suhu leburan Al manakala lapisan Al tidak menunjukkan sebarang perubahan yang ketara.
Food borne diseases increase worldwide and contamination of food contact surfaces serves as one of the reasons for their occurrence. The aim of this study was to determine the microbiological quality of spoons at selected restaurants in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Five restaurants were selected therein for the study. They were respectively labelled A, B, C, D and E. A total of 150 cleaned spoons (30 spoons from each restaurants) that were ready to be used by customers at the restaurants were examined. Total plate counts (CFU/cm2) of the spoons were determined; the presumptive and confirmatory tests for the presence of Escherichia coli on the spoons were also conducted. The samples were collected by surface swabbing. The result showed that restaurant C and B had the highest and lowest total plate counts (TPC), respectively. Samples from 3 of the 5 selected restaurants (restaurants C, D and E) showed positive results for the presence of E. coli mainly due to poor dishware cleansing. On the contrary, negative results for the presence of E. coli at restaurant A and B were associated with the advance cleaning procedure, which used more hygienic method with dishwashers.
We investigated the central mass distribution of the luminous infrared galaxy NGC 3256 at a distance of 35 Mpc by using
CO(1-0) observations of the Atacama Large Millimeter and sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) and near-IR data of the Two
Micron Sky Survey (2MASS). We found that there is a huge amount of invisible dynamical mass (4.48 × 1010 ) in the
central region of the galaxy. The invisible mass is likely caused by some dark matter, which might have a cuspy dark
matter profile. We note that this dark matter is difficult to explain with the conventional Modified Newtonian Dynamics
(MOND) model, which is only applicable at a low acceleration regime, whereas the acceleration at the central region
of the galaxy is relatively strong. Therefore, this discovery might pose a challenge to the conventional MOND models.
Genomic DNA of 13 fish (n=13) species consist of four freshwater which were catfish (Clarias gariepinus), shark catfish (Pangasius larnaudii), tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), perch (Lates calcarifer) and nine marine species which were black pomfret (Parastromateus niger), anchovy (Stolephorus commersonii), mabong (Rastrelliger kanagurta), red snapper (Lutjanus erythropterus), herring (Chirocentrus dorab), ray fish (Himantura gerrardii), sardine (Decapterus macrosoma), mackerel (Euthynnus affinis) and tuna (Thunnus tuna) were differentiated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Seven endonucleases of AluI, BsaJI, HaeIII, HindIII, HinfI, MboI and MboII were examined for the ability to digest cyt b amplicon from each species. Genomic DNA of pork (Sus scrofa domestica) were differentiated from fishes by comparing the digestion patterns produced by similar amplified region and enzymes used. In the present study, it was demonstrated that fishes and pork DNA genome were successfully differentiated using all endonucleases except for HindIII. Thus, PCR-RFLP analysis was found useful for future pork DNA detection in fish products.
MeSH terms: Red Meat; Animals; Catfishes; DNA; Endonucleases; Fish Products; Fresh Water; Niger; Perches; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Sharks; Swine; Tuna; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tilapia; Seafood; Genomics; Sus scrofa; Cytochromes b
Unilamellar liposomes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were prepared by the reverse-phase
evaporation method and extrusion through a polycarbonate membrane filter. Liposomes at 0.7 mg/mL lipid concentration
in deionized water were exposed to gamma irradiation at a dose in the range 0.5 to 25 kGy. Gamma irradiation of
liposomes resulted in the degradation of DPPC lipids into free fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholine and 1,2-palmitoylphosphatidic
acid (DPPA). The effect of gamma irradiation towards the physical stability of liposomes was investigated
by means of dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential analysis. From
the DLS analysis, no significant changes were observed in the hydrodynamic size of liposomes. TEM images indicate that
the liposomes surface became smoother and rounder as higher irradiation doses were applied. Zeta potential analysis
showed that gamma irradiation of DPPC liposomes at radiation doses as low as 0.5 kGy resulted in a drastic rise in the
magnitude of the zeta potential. The results also demonstrate that gamma irradiation of liposomes suspension enhanced
the overall stability of liposomes. Hence, it can be concluded that gamma irradiation on DPPC liposomes may potentially
produce liposomes with higher stability.
This study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) amongst food handlers in food utensils
hygiene and presence of bacterial contamination on food utensils. There were two approaches used in this study. In the
first approach, 134 of food handlers from 75 food premises were interviewed via questionnaires to assess their knowledge,
attitude and practice. In the second approach, the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and total coliform
of 225 utensils (knives (75), chopping boards (75) and dish plates (75)) was examined. The result showed that the food
handlers had sufficient level of knowledge (80.5%), attitude (87.4%) and practice (90.1%). Highest contamination was
found on the chopping boards for the presence of S. aureus (82.8%), E. coli (9.7%) and total coliform (73.9%). Logistic
regression analysis showed that knowledge contributes to the presence of E. coli on the dish plates; and total coliform
on the knives. Thus, ongoing training that focused on food utensils hygiene must be emphasized to improve knowledge,
attitude and practice amongst the food handlers.
Durian or scientifically known as Durio zibethinus is one of the most well-known seasonal fruits in the Southeast Asia
region. However, its safe consumption in individuals with hypertension is still controversial. This study was conducted
to investigate the effect of durian on blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rat model. Four groups of rats (n=5)
were fed with either a low dose durian (26 g/kg), a high dose durian (52 g/kg), sugar solution (8 mL/kg) which has
similar sugar composition in the durian as placebo control, and distilled water as vehicle control (8 mL/kg) for 14 days.
The durian doses for rats were obtained by converting from human doses. Baseline reading of blood pressure and heart
rate were recorded before the first oral administration of durian. The blood pressure and heart rate were also measured
1 h after the durian oral administration on day 1, 3, 7 and 14 of the experiment. In conclusion, durian fruit possessed
an acute effect on the blood pressure of hypertensive rats but heart rate was unaffected. High dose administration of
durian led to significant elevation of blood pressure after 1 h of consumption. Meanwhile, low dose of durian (26 g/kg)
caused an insignificant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Tolerance to the durian fruit was observed after
three to seven days of the oral administration and low dose consumption of durian fruit was safe in the hypertensive rat.
Epoxidized natural rubber/polyvinyl chloride/microcrystalline cellulose (ENR/PVC/MCC) composite membranes were
prepared and used to treat palm oil mill effluent (POME). The loadings of MCC were varied at 0, 5, 10 and 15 w/w%. The
increment of MCC loads has intensified the hydroxyl peak of the membranes in FTIR spectrum, indicating the increase
in membrane hydrophilicity. MCC acted as a pore forming agent since the ENR/PVC/10% MCC gave the highest water
flux and well-distributed pores. After first treatment of POME, the levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solid (TSS) were reduced to 99.9%, 70.3%, and 16.9%, respectively. These
data showed that ENR/PVC/MCC membrane has the potential to treat POME.
The Re(I) complex, [Re(PyPzH)(CO)3
Cl] where PyPzH = 2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine, was successfully synthesised
and characterised with an infrared (IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), 1
H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
spectroscopies and X-ray crystallography. The IR spectrum featured three n(C≡O), n(N-H), n(C=N) and n(C=C) signals
at (1860-2020), 3137, 1614 and 1513 cm-1, respectively. The UV-Vis spectrum of the complex exhibited ligand-centred
(π®>*) electronic excitations [λmax = 227 nm, ε = 1.942 x 104 M-1cm-1; lmax = 292 nm, ε = 0.853 x 104 M-1cm-1] and
a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band [lmax = 331 nm, ε = 0.467 x 104 M-1cm-1]. The 13C and 1
H-NMR spectra
exhibited the characteristic signals of the three C≡O (189.0 – 199.0 ppm) and NH (14.84 ppm), respectively. The X-ray
structure of [Re(PyPzH)(CO)3
Cl] showed the crystal adopted a monoclinic system with a C2/c space group [unit cell
dimensions: a = 27.7422(14) Å, b = 11.1456(5) Å, c = 9.2461(4) Å with α = γ = 90º and β = 92.552(2)º]. Density
functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD) DFT calculations were performed to investigate the optimised structural
geometry and electronic properties of the title complex. The results showed that the highest-occupied molecular orbital
(HOMO) was predominantly found on the dπ-orbitals of Re(I), Cl and CO. While the lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital
(LUMO) was located on the PyPzH moiety. The structural and photophysical properties of the [Re(PyPzH)(CO)3
Cl] were
established and the reaction enthalpies for the dissociation of Cl atom in the formation of [Re(PyPzH)(CO)3
]•
were
discussed in view of its potential application for photocatalytic CO2
reduction.
The two new symmetrical bis-thiourea compounds, 2,2’-[{(terephthaloylbis(azanediyl)bis (carbonothioyl)bis(azanediyl)}
bis(4-methylpentanoicacid)] 1A and 2,2’-[{(isophthaloylbis (azanediyl)bis(carbonothioyl)bis(azanediyl)}bis(4-
methylpentanoic acid)] 1B have been synthesized by reacting terephthaloyl/isophthaloyl chloride and L-leucine in high
yields. Newly synthesized bis-thiourea derivatives were characterized using FTIR, 1D NMR, 2D NMR, MS spectrometry and
Elemental analysis. Their binding properties with various cations were also carried out using UV-vis titration experiments.
Both isomers exhibited effective binding against Ag+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+ in the presence of other cations,
such as Na+, Co2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sn2+, and Al3+. Stoichiometries of the host-guest complexation for both
isomers were found to be 1:4 by plotting molar-ratio curves. Pearson Product moment correlation coefficient was in the
range of 0.83-0.99 and nonlinear regression equation was used to calculate dissociation constant (Kd
). Both compounds
displayed weak antibacterial activities against gram-positive and gram negative bacteria. Cytotoxicity testing on CCD841
Normal human colon epithelial cell line showed that both compounds are non-toxic, with an IC50 value of 1.50 mg/mL.