Kajian mengenai grafin kini semakin meluas disebabkan sifat kebolehaliran terma yang mampu meningkatkan potensi
bahan komposit. Penambahan grafin dalam matriks kuprum dikaji dengan menggunakan gabungan bahan pengikat
iaitu polietilena glikol (PEG), polimetil metakrilat (PMMA) dan asid stearik. Penggunaan grafin sebagai bahan pengisi
dalam matriks kuprum merupakan pendekatan baru yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kebolehaliran terma produk
yang dihasilkan. Namun, penambahan grafin dalam matriks kuprum boleh menyebabkan ketidaksamarataan zarah
komposit kerana penggumpalan zarah-zarah grafin. Oleh itu, kaedah sonikasi dan pengacauan magnetik semasa proses
pra-campuran digunakan bagi menghasilkan bahan suapan yang sebati dan penyerakan grafin yang lebih baik tanpa
penggumpalan. Suhu proses sonikasi telah ditetapkan pada 55˚C dengan masa sonikasi yang berbeza iaitu 30 minit, 60
minit dan 90 minit. Bagi proses pengacauan magnetik, parameter yang digunakan adalah 55˚C, selama 21 jam pada
kelajuan yang berbeza iaitu 300, 350 dan 400 rpm. Analisis imej Pancaran Medan Mikroskopi Elektron Pengimbasan
(FESEM) dan Pemetaan EDX telah dijalankan bagi mengkaji penyerakan grafin dalam komposit kuprum grafin. Keputusan
menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik diperoleh selepas proses sonikasi dan pengacauan magnetik dijalankan. Penyerakan
terbaik yang lebih seragam dan sebati diperoleh pada masa sonikasi 60 min dan pengacauan magnetik pada kelajuan
sederhana iaitu 350 rpm. Zarah grafin didapati kurang bertumpu pada satu tempat dan penggumpalan semula juga
tidak berlaku. Penyerakan sebati ini menjadikan hubungan antara muka zarah-zarah grafin dan kuprum menjadi lebih
baik seterusnya mampu mengurangkan keliangan bagi penghasilan jasad akhir.
Artikel ini menganalisis biosensor resonans plasmon permukaan (SPR) dengan lapisan grafin yang meningkatkan
kecekapan biosensor urea kerana penerapannya yang tinggi. Tatasusunan Kretschmann merupakan teknik yang paling
berkesan digunakan untuk pengujaan plasmon. Dalam kajian ini, kami menganalisis kesan ekalapisan MoS2 dengan
lapisan grafin yang didepositkan pada bahan plasmon, iaitu logam emas (Au), di dalam tatasusunan ini. Simulasi untuk
menganalisis tatasusunan ini adalah berdasarkan kepada kaedah perbezaan terhingga domain masa (FDTD). Prestasi
biosensor SPR dapat dipantau dengan menganalisis kepekaan dan lebar penuh pada separuh maksimum (FWHM) spektrum
SPR. Pengukuran diperhatikan pada panjang gelombang 670 nm dan 785 nm untuk pengesanan urea. Indeks molar dan
indeks biasan berbeza (RI) daripada 1.335 sehingga 1.342 untuk lapisan penderiaan. Keputusan menunjukkan peratus
peningkatan kepekaan biosensor Au/MoS2
/grafin berbanding biosensor Au konvensional adalah 98% dan 202% masingmasing
pada panjang gelombang 670 nm dan 785 nm. Ini menunjukkan bahawa cadangan biosensor SPR yang novel ini
adalah lebih sensitif untuk pengesanan urea.
The purpose of this study was to prepare macroporous glass ceramic scaffold by sol-gel glass synthesis and powder
sintering method. Sodium nitrate was added during sol-gel process to obtain glass ceramic with mol composition of
42.11% SiO2
- 18.42% CaO - 29.82% Na2
O - 9.65% P2
O5
. The glass particles were found to be thermally stable above
900°C as indicated by TGA/DTA analysis. The dried glass particles obtained from sol-gel process were compacted and
sintered at 1000°C for 3 h soaking time. Sintering crystallized the glass by 71.5% of crystallinity with tetracalcium catenahexaphosphate
(V) (Ca4
(P6
O19) as the main crystalline phase as revealed by XRD analysis. Although glass crystallized
during sintering, it showed a good in vitro bioactivity as apatite-like layer were deposited on the glass ceramic surface
when immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 14 days. SEM analysis proved the macroporous structure formation with
pore size ranges between 30 and 350 µm due to foaming effect which occurred during sintering. Besides that, the glass
ceramic surface formed into vitrified-like due to fluxing effect during sintering thus affected the porosity and densification
measurement done by Archimedes test. In conclusion, the presence of sodium oxide in sol-gel glass ceramic composition
by 29.82 mol % with sintering temperature at 1000°C is able to produce bioactive and macroporous glass ceramic that
potentially be used as medical scaffold material.
This research reports the annual effective dose of dwellers based on the finding of natural radioactivity concentrations in
Malaysian tiles. A total of 30 tiles samples obtained from the manufacturer or bought directly from local hardware store.
Natural radioactivity was analyzed using gamma spectrometry system for 12 h counting times. The activity concentration
of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the analyzed samples ranged from 37.50 – 158.05 Bq kg-1, 42.22 – 80.19 Bq kg-1 and 349.46 –
750.18 Bq kg-1, respectively. The determined radium equivalent activity was below than the recommended limit of 370
Bq kg-1. The external dose received by dwellers due to natural radionuclides in tiles were projected for 1, 5, 10, 20 and
50 years through six exposure pathways using Resrad-build computer code. The results showed that the annual effective
dose received by dwellers increased for the investigated timelines but still lower than the annual recommended limit of
1500 µSv. The simulation result also indicates that radon gas was the primary radiation exposure which contributes
80-94 % from the total radiation exposure to dwellers.
Sifat fizik dan mekanik sambungan pateri pada papan litar bercetak (PCB) sangat bergantung kepada bahan pateri
dan permukaan penglogaman PCB. Kemajuan penyelidikan dan pembangunan bahan pateri bebas plumbum membuka
peluang untuk menghasilkan sambungan pateri yang mempunyai kebolehtahanan yang tinggi. PCB/Cu merupakan PCB
tanpa kemasan digunakan sebagai sampel kawalan manakala dua PCB yang lain iaitu PCB/ImSn (immersion tin) dan
PCB/ENiG (electroless nickel immersion gold) dipilih untuk mengkaji kestabilan sambungan pateri. Sambungan pateri
pada kemasan permukaan yang berbeza didedahkan kepada penyimpanan suhu tinggi (HTS) pada suhu 175°C selama
1000 jam untuk mengkaji perubahan sifat mikromekanik. Ujian pelekukan nano memberikan sifat mikromekanik yang
bersifat setempat. Perubahan kekerasan antarasambungan SAC 0307 selepas HTS ialah 66 MPa bagi PCB/Cu, 107
MPa bagi PCB/ImSn dan 45 MPa bagi PCB/ENiG. Analisis terhadap sifat mikromekanik mendapati bahawa PCB/ENiG
menunjukkan perubahan nilai yang minimum berbanding dengan PCB/Cu dan PCB/ImSn. Ini menunjukkan PCB/ENiG
memberikan kestabilan sifat mikromekanik yang tinggi selepas didedahkan pada HTS pada suhu 175°C selama 1000 jam.
Pewarnaan pes pateri membuka suatu ruang kepada keperluan dalam teknologi untuk proses pengenalpastian, penandaan,
piawaian, pengujian dan penilaian terhadap antarasambungan pes pateri. Dua jenis pigmen pewarna iaitu hijau (G)
dan bercahaya dalam gelap (GD) digunakan untuk mengkaji kesan pewarnaan sambungan pateri ke atas kestabilan
antarasambungan pateri Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC 305). Pes pateri tanpa warna digunakan sebagai sampel kawalan untuk
membandingkan keputusan kajian. Uji kaji penuaan sesuhu digunakan untuk melihat perubahan pertumbuhan sebatian
antara logam (IMC). Pigmen pewarna GD dengan peratusan sebanyak 5% telah menunjukkan kestabilan pertumbuhan
IMC dengan perubahan pertumbuhan yang paling rendah iaitu sebanyak 5.6 µm bagi sambungan pateri yang berwarna
berbanding dengan peratusan pigmen pewarna yang lebih tinggi dengan perubahan pertumbuhan IMC sehingga 9 µm
selepas didedahkan kepada penuaan sesuhu pada 150°C selama 1000 jam. Walau bagaimanapun, kestabilan pertumbuhan
IMC dengan penggunaan pes pateri berwarna adalah lebih rendah berbanding dengan pes pateri tidak berwarna.
Maka penambahan pigmen pewarna hendaklah dipertimbangkan dengan mengambil kira kestabilan mikrostruktur dan
pertumbuhan lapisan IMC supaya tidak menjejaskan kualiti dan kebolehharapan sesuatu sambungan pateri.
Malaysia has a long coastline stretching over 4,809 km where more than 1,300 km of beaches are experiencing erosion.
Coastal erosion is recognised as the permanent loss of land and habitats along the shoreline resulting in the changes
of the coast. Thus, it is important to detect and monitor shoreline changes especially in Pahang coast by identifying the
rate of shoreline erosion and accretion. This study used temporal data and high spatial resolution imagery (SPOT 5) using
remote sensing and GIS techniques to monitor shoreline changes along 10 study locations, which is from Cherating to
Pekan of the Pahang coast. The total length of shoreline changes is about 14 km (14035.10 m) where all these areas are
very likely to experience erosion ranging from 0.1 to 94.7 ha. On the other hand, these coastal areas found a minimal
accretion with increased sediment from 0.1 to 2.8 ha. Overall, the coastal areas are exposed to higher erosion process
than accretion with a very high vulnerability of erosion rate from 1.8 to 20.9 meter per year. The findings on monitoring
shoreline changes and identifying vulnerable erosion areas might be useful in the policy and decision making for
sustainable coastal management.
MeSH terms: Conservation of Natural Resources; Decision Making; Malaysia; Ecosystem; Geographic Information Systems; Policy; Remote Sensing Technology
The presence of abundant oil palm residues in Malaysia prompted the need to utilize this waste to avoid environmental
pollution. This waste was abundant at the oil palm mill and accounted for almost 50% of production. The study was
conducted to determine the morphological effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) sludge on the maize growth performance
and gas exchange. Physicochemical, growth morphology and gas exchange was measured after treated with POME sludge
from different treatment pond systems: Mixing, anaerobic, facultative, algae and dumping. The results indicated the
pH, C, and CEC of mixing the < anaerobic < facultative < algae < dumping ponds. There was a significant presence of
macronutrient (N, Mg, Ca, Fe, S) in the treated POME sludge, contrary to the presence of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Ni and
Pb) elements which were not significantly different in all the treatments and lower than WHO/FAO standard. Root Shoot
Ratio (RSR) and Specific Leaf Area (SLA) indicated significant difference in biomass accumulation and yield compared to
the control. The gas exchange variable was a significant difference on stomata conductivity (Gs) and transpiration rate
(E). However, the POME sludge from the facultative, algae and dumping ponds showed positive correlations between net
photosynthesis, stomata conductivity and transpiration rate. Indeed, the increased transpiration rate (E) was correlated
with stomata conductance (Gs) after treatment with anaerobic, facultative, algae and dumping ponds. In conclusion, the
POME sludge amendment was able to increase the maize biomass and yield.
This study has been carried out to evaluate the clinical and radiographic CTZ (Chloramphenicol-Tetracycline-Zinc
Eugenol Oxide) antibiotic paste in pulpotomies of primary molars. A Quasi-experimental study in 43 primary molars
of children aged 3 to 7 years. Pulpotomies were performed on the selected patients with the CTZ antibiotic paste. Teeth
were restored with glass ionomer and preformed steel metal crowns. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed
at 6 and 12 months. SPSS V-19 program for data analysis and chi-square test was used up to 5%. Success rates were
observed during the evaluation periods of time. 93% (x2
= 0.446, p>0.05) and 88.4% (x2
= 0.431, p>0.05) of the clinical form;
97.7% (x2
= 0.534, p>0.05) and 93% (x2
= 0.553, p>0.05) were radiographic, at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The CTZ antibiotic
paste is an alternative in the treatment of pulpotomy of molars. It provides an antimicrobial effect, decreased operative time, without
causing trauma to the pediatric patient.
Consumer consciousness on the concept of natural-based ingredients triggers the natural cosmetics market to grow. The
active compounds in natural ingredients offer valuable bioactivities such as antioxidant, photoprotection, anti-aging
and anti-inflammatory actions that useful for skincare, hair care and dental care. This review presents an overview on
natural ingredient, especially plant-derived, used in cosmetic products and the examples of Malaysian plants used for
cosmetic purposes.
Cellulose nanomaterial with rod-like structure and highly crystalline order, usually formed by elimination of the amorphous region from cellulose during acid hydrolysis. Cellulose nanomaterial with the property of biocompatibility and nontoxicity can be used for enzyme immobilization. In this work, urease enzyme was used as a model enzyme to study the surface modification of cellulose nanomaterial and its potential for biosensor application. The cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) surface was modified using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation to introduce the carboxyl group at C6 primary alcohol. The success of enzyme immobilization and surface modification was confirmed using chemical tests and measured using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The immobilization strategy was then applied for biosensor application for urea detection. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques were used for electroanalytical characterization of the urea biosensor.
The presence of two different chromophores in benzothiazole molecule namely benzothiazole and aromatic rings lead to
interesting chemical and biological properties that attract more researches on the compounds. Three new benzothiazolylbenzoythiourea
compounds namely 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(benzoylthiourea) (BBT), 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-
(4-chlorobenzoylthiourea) (BBT-4Cl) and 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(4-methoxybenzoylthiourea) (BBT-4OCH3
) with
different electron withdrawing substituents (R) at the para positions on the benzene ring of benzoylthiourea ring have
been synthesized from the reaction of R-benzoyl isothiocyanate (R= H, Cl, and OCH3
) and 2-aminobenzothiazole. The
compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (infrared, 1
H proton NMR and UV-Vis). The IR spectra showed
the frequency signals of n (C=O), n (C=S), n (N-H) at 1664-1673, 1238-1249 and 3031-3055 cm-1, respectively. The 1
H
proton NMR spectra showed the presence of N-H amine and amide signals in the region of (12.14-12.35) and (14.17-14.43)
ppm, respectively. The proton signals of the two benzothiazole and benzoylthiourea moieties appear at 7.08-8.16 ppm.
A theoretical study based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent (TD) DFT was conducted to optimize
the geometrical structure and investigate the electronic properties of title compounds. The highest occupied molecular
orbital (HOMO) was found on the benzothiazole moiety; while, the lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) was
located at the benzoylthiourea fragment. The DFT optimized structures possessed an intramolecular hydrogen bonding
and the types of para substituents used influenced the properties of hydrogen bonding.
Phytophthora is one of the most important plant pathogens of perennial crops in the tropics. This study characterised
the pathogen(s) responsible for cocoa black pod rot, rubber pod rot and durian stem canker. Eighteen Phytophthora
isolates were collected from several states in Malaysia, namely Pahang, Johor and Selangor. A total of 12 Phytophthora
palmivora and six Phytophthora nicotianae isolates were isolated and identified based on the morphological and
molecular characteristics. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences enabled Phytophthora identification to species
level. Inoculation of 18 isolates on detached leaves and unripen cocoa pods successfully demonstrated the progressive
development of lesions on its original host. Lesions were also observed in all wounded detached leaves of young durian
(clone D24) and rubber (clone RRIM600) and unripen cocoa pods (clone BAL244) regardless of host and isolates.
Phytophthora isolates from durian (DSCI) and rubber (R4A) used to inoculate cocoa pods exhibited lesion sizes of 11.6±0.75
and 9.6±0.64 mm, respectively. However, Phytophthora isolates from cocoa (CPR25) developed a longer length of lesion
of 18.6±0.47 mm. On durian leaves, Phytophthora isolate from rubber (R4A) and cocoa (CPR25) recorded 11.73±1.04
and 5.22±0.57 mm length of lesion while Phytophthora isolates from durian (DSCB4) produced 13.13±1.29 mm lesion on
its native host. Isolates from cocoa (CPR22) and durian (DSCE3) infected rubber leaves with 3.74±0.48 and 2.55±0.31 mm
length of lesion, in comparison to rubber isolates (R1B) with 5.43±0.23 mm length of lesion. Differences in the length
of lesion demonstrated higher level of virulence on the native host.
Five di- and tri-substituted natural anthraquinones, i.e. nordamnacanthal (1), damnacanthal (2), rubiadin (3), 1-methoxy2-methyl-3-hydroxyanthraquinone
(4) and 1-hydroxy-3-methoxyanthraquinone (5) were subjected to photophysical
studies. The results indicated that steric hindrance and intramolecular hydrogen bonding are important factors that
affect absorption and emission spectral of these natural anthraquinones. Besides that, emission properties were
significantly enhanced with formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in 1,3-dihydroxy-2-aldehyde tri-substituted
anthraquinone 1. This gave rise to formation of two additional quasi aromatic rings extending the π-conjugation system
in the anthraquinone structure.
A seasonal study of phosphorus (P)-based nutrients was carried out in Sungai Setiu basin which is located in the southern
region of the South China Sea (Malaysia) from July 2010 until June 2011. Parameters measured were dissolved inorganic
P (DIP), dissolved organic P (DOP) and total particulate P (TPP). In addition, DOP concentration was size fractionated
into high molecular weight (HMW, 0.7 µm-100 kDa), middle MW (MMW, 100-30 kDa) and low MW (LMW, <30 kDa). The
results show that the mean concentration of P-based nutrients ranged between 3.2-7.0 µg/L P for DIP, 5.6-12.1 µg/L P
for DOP and 9.2-119.4 µg/L P for TPP. Higher mean concentrations of P were recorded at urban and agricultural areas.
In addition, the distribution of P was affected by season as higher mean concentrations of P were observed during the
north-east monsoon due to the surface runoff of nutrients during this heavy raining season. The fractionation study of
DOP further revealed that HMW fraction was abundant in Sungai Setiu, making up approximately 60% of the total DOP.
This high percentage of HMW DOP was recorded at stations in the vicinity of agriculture area and towns suggesting
an important contribution from anthropogenic activities. The LMW DOP fraction was not significantly associated with
chlorophyll-a, suggesting that the phytoplankton might not be the predominant contributor for LMW fraction in this river.
We suggest that these organic nutrient inputs should be monitored as part of the management of the aquatic system.
The individual compounds and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) were studied in the surface sediments
at 32 locations in the tourism area of Langkawi Island. A total of 15 PAHs were determined and quantified by gas
chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total PAH concentrations of surface sediments from
Langkawi Island ranged from 228.13 to 990.25 ng/g and they were classified as being in the low to moderate pollution
range. All sampling stations were dominated by high molecular weight PAHs with 4 rings (31.59%) and 5-6 rings (42.73%).
The diagnostic ratio results showed that in most cases, the sampling stations have pyrogenic input. Further analysis
using principal component analysis (PCA) combined with absolute principal component score (APCS) and multiple linear
regression (MLR) showed that the natural gas emissions contributed to 57% of the total PAH concentration, 22% from the
incomplete combustion and pyrolysis of fuel, 15% from pyrogenic and petrogenic sources and 6% from an undefined source.
MeSH terms: Environmental Pollution; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Weight; Linear Models; Principal Component Analysis; Natural Gas; Islands
Forest structure, diversity and above-ground biomass assessment are important to understand the structural and floristic
dynamics of a mangrove forest ecosystem. Our study provides valuable comparative analysis between two areas of
disturbed mangroves at Kisap Forest Reserve, Langkawi Island. The two study sites were swamp forest at C5 which was
disrupted by harvesting activities for charcoal production and C7 was disturbed by lightning strikes. A total of 1,217
and 390 trees measuring 1 cm diameter and above were enumerated in 0.25 ha plots at both sites. Seven mangrove plant
species in C5 and eight in C7 were recorded. Ceriops tagal and Rhizophora apiculata were the most prominent species
in the C5 and C7, respectively, whereby the Rhizophoraceae was the densest family at both sites. The major contributor
of total basal area at C5 and C7 were C. tagal (5.02 m2
/ha) and R. apiculata (11.14 m2
/ha). Similarly, C. tagal (22.41 t/
ha) and R. apiculata (111.75 t/ha) also contributed the highest biomass in C5 and C7, respectively. Diversity and species
richness were higher at C7 H’=1.22; R’=1.17 compared to C5 H’= 0.76; R’=0.85 and low evenness at both sites. High
similarity was indicated between the two sites by 93%. The distribution of individuals in C7 was homogenous than that
of C5, which had more saplings. In conclusion, anthropogenic activities resulted in lower productivity of forest compared
to natural disturbances.
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mereka bentuk dan mengkaji prestasi pengumpul fotovoltan-terma (PV/T) dengan menggunakan
reka bentuk pengumpul terma aliran air secara pilin. Reka bentuk pengumpul terma aliran air secara pilin telah dibina
semula daripada reka bentuk penyelidik sebelum ini. Pengumpul terma ini menggunakan saiz tiub yang lebih besar dan
jarak antara tiub lebih dekat berbanding dengan reka bentuk penyelidik sebelum ini. Pengumpul PV/T ini telah diuji di
bawah tiga keamatan yang berbeza iaitu 300, 500 dan 700 W/m2 serta diuji pada kadar aliran jisim air yang berbeza
iaitu 0.01, 0.02 dan 0.04 kg/s. Pada keadaan yang sama, kecekapan fotovoltan, terma dan tergabung juga menunjukkan
nilai yang paling tinggi, iaitu 4.18%, 76.68% dan 80.86%. Kecekapan terma yang dihasilkan pada kajian ini lebih tinggi
dibandingkan dengan kajian sebelumnya.
The physico-mechanical and chemical properties of enzyme retting kenaf and shredded empty fruit bunch of oil palm
fibres (EFB) were analyzed by chemical extraction, microscopic, spectroscopic, thermal and X-ray diffraction method.
Polypropylene (PP), a petroleum based fibre, was also included to compare the properties of synthetic fibre with natural
fibres. Chemical extraction analysis showed that cellulose was the major component in both kenaf and EFB fibres which
are 54% and 41.34%, respectively. Silica content of EFB was 5.29% higher than kenaf that was 2.21%. The result of
thermogravimetric analysis showed that kenaf has higher thermal decomposition rate compared to EFB fibre. However,
the residue for EFB fibre was higher than kenaf due to higher content in inorganic materials. The residual content of PP
fibre was only 1.13% which was lower than the natural fibre. The diameter of EFB fibre bundle was 341.7 µm that was
three times higher than kenaf. Microscopy study demonstrated that EFB surface was rough, porous and embedded with
silica while kenaf showed smooth surface with small pith. Higher porosity in EFB was due to the lower fibre density that
was 1.5 kg/cm3 compared to kenaf that was 1.62 kg/cm3. Kenaf has illustrated significant higher tensile strength (426.4
MPa) than EFB (150 MPa) and this result is in parallel to the pattern of the crystalline value for both fibres, 65% and
50.58%, respectively.
Serabut kenaf merupakan salah satu serabut berasaskan tumbuhan di dalam kumpulan serabut asli yang semakin luas
penggunaannya. Serabut kenaf dicampurkan dengan bahan plastik (epoksi) bagi menghasilkan suatu bahan baharu
dengan sifat mekanikal yang baik dengan kos pembuatan yang rendah. Bahan kerja ini terbahagi kepada dua jenis iaitu
serabut kenaf ekaarah dan serabut kenaf tenunan. Uji kaji ini akan menumpukan kepada pembandingan kesan faktor
pelekangan Fd yang terhasil semasa proses pemesinan kisar ke atas bahan komposit tersebut dengan penentuan set
parameter mesin yang paling optimum bagi mengurangkan kesan Fd. Uji kaji dijalankan berdasarkan analisis kaedah
gerak balas permukaan (RSM) dengan pendekatan reka bentuk Box-Behnken bagi mendapatkan hasil faktor bersandar
terhadap sambutan. Faktor yang terlibat adalah kelajuan pemotongan, kadar suapan dan kedalaman pemotongan. Proses
pengisaran secara lelurus (lurah) dilakukan bagi melihat kesan Fd yang terhasil dengan menggunakan perkakasan mata
alat jenis Keluli Berkelajuan Tinggi (HSS) tidak bersalut hujung rata berdiameter 10 mm. Imej daripada mikroskop
menunjukkan bahan komposit serabut kenaf ekaarah menghasilkan faktor pelekangan yang tinggi berbanding kesan
ke atas bahan komposit serabut kenaf bertenun. Bagi set parameter optimum pula, bahan kerja serabut kenaf ekaarah
ialah kelajuan pemotongan, kadar suapan dan kedalaman pemotongan yang rendah. Manakala bagi bahan kerja serabut
kenaf bertenun, set parameter optimum adalah kelajuan pemotongan yang rendah dengan kadar suapan dan kedalaman
pemotongan yang tinggi.