METHODS: We have collected the brains of African green monkeys during multiple Nipah virus, Bangladesh studies, resulting in 14 brains with Nipah virus-associated lesions.
RESULTS: The lesions seen in the brain of African green monkeys infected with Nipah virus, Bangladesh were very similar to those observed in humans with Nipah virus, Malaysia infection. We observed viral RNA and antigen within neurons and endothelial cells, within encephalitis foci and in uninflamed portions of the central nervous system (CNS). CD8+ T cells had a consistently high prevalence in CNS lesions. We developed a UNet model for quantifying and visualizing inflammation in the brain in a high-throughput and unbiased manner. While CD8+ T cells had a consistently high prevalence in CNS lesions, the model revealed that CD68+ cells were numerically the immune cell with the highest prevalence in the CNS of Nipah virus-infected animals.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides an in-depth analysis on Nipah virus infection in the brains of primates, and similarities between lesions in patients and the animals in our study validate this model.
METHODS: This retrospective study examined 74 limb segments from 45 patients with OI who underwent intramedullary rodding and adjunctive plating from 2008 to 2022. Criteria for inclusion comprised surgical treatment followed by a minimum of 2 years of follow-up or complication before that time point. The need for adjunctive plating arose from inadequate fixation, rotational instability, and persistent cortical gaps with intramedullary rodding alone. Medical records and follow-up radiographs were reviewed to assess the healing of the target lesion and any complications.
RESULTS: The study encompassed 30 males and 15 females, ranging in age from 4 to 38 years, with 51 femoral and 23 tibial segments receiving treatment. Union was successfully achieved in 63 cases (85.3%), with an average union time of 14.4 months. Plates were subsequently removed in 62 cases after an average duration of 18.0 months. Before union, 11 revision surgeries were performed in 4 peri-implant fractures, 1 screw pull-out, and 6 failure of union. One sustained peri-implant fracture after the union. Following the removal of plates, complications included 10 refractures at screw sites, 3 progressive angulations at the previously targeted lesions, and 1 osteomyelitis. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that half of the refractures occurred within 1.8 years postplate removal. The overall complication showed borderline significance ( P =0.056) among age groups. All the plate-related complications occurred at the diaphyseal, unicortical screws.
CONCLUSIONS: Plate fixation, when used as an adjunct to intramedullary rodding, effectively stabilizes limbs in OI patients when intramedullary rods alone are inadequate. Nevertheless, given the significant risks associated with plate-related complications, adjunctive plating should be employed selectively only in instances where the union is unlikely to be achieved with intramedullary rodding alone.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-case series.
DESIGN: International, prospective, non-interventional registry of the clinical practice of the European gastroenterologists. Data were collected and quality reviewed until March 2021 at AEG-REDCap. The effectiveness was evaluated by modified intention-to-treat analysis, differentiating by geographic areas. Adverse events (AE) were categorized as mild, moderate, and severe.
RESULTS: Overall, 36,699 treatments were recorded, where 8,233 (22%) were prescribed with probiotics. Probiotics use was associated with higher effectiveness in the overall analysis (OR 1.631 [95% CI 1.456-1.828]), as well as in triple (1.702 [1.403-2.065]), quadruple (1.383 [0.996-1.920]), bismuth quadruple (1.248 [1.003-1.554] and sequential therapies (3.690 [2.686-5.069]). Lactobacillus genus was associated with a higher therapy effectiveness in Eastern Europe when triple (OR: 2.625 [CI 1.911, 3.606]) and bismuth quadruple (OR: 1.587 [CI 1.117, 2.254]) first-line therapies were prescribed. In Central Europe, the use of probiotics was associated with a decrease in both the overall incidence of AEs (0.656 [0.516, 0.888]) as well as severe AEs (0.312; [0.217, 0.449]). Bifidobacterium genus was associated with lower overall (OR: 0.725 [95% CI 0.592-0.888]) and severe (OR: 0.254 [0.185-0.347]) AEs; and Saccharomyces was associated with reduced overall (OR: 0.54 [CI 0.32-0.91]) and severe (OR 0.257 [CI 0.123-0.536]) AEs under quadruple-bismuth regimen.
CONCLUSIONS: In Europe, the use of probiotics was associated with higher effectiveness and safety of H. pylori eradication therapy. Lactobacillus improved treatment effectiveness, while Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces were associated with a better safety profile.
METHODS: This retrospective observational study included all VEM cases performed in the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 1st January 2011 to 30th April 2024, with SPECT as part of the pre-surgical evaluation.
RESULTS: A total of 189 cases were included. The mean age was 33.3 years old (range 9-68), and 105 (55.6 %) were male. The mean baseline seizure frequency before VEM was 21.8 per month. The mean number of seizures recorded during a 48-hour VEM was 10.9. A total of 44 (23.3 %) patients had ictal SPECT with a single SPECT session. Ictal SPECT was significantly associated with a higher number of seizures during 48-hour VEM (31.5 ± 58.7 vs 4.4 ± 6.3, p