Pilot-scale co-processing of lignocellulosic biomass, algae, shellfish waste via thermochemical approach: Recent progress and future directions

Yek PNY 1 , Wan Mahari WA 2 , Kong SH 3 , Foong SY 2 , Peng W 4 , Ting H 5 Show all authors , Liew RK 6 , Xia C 7 , Sonne C 8 , Tabatabaei M 2 , Almomani F 9 , Aghbashlo M 10 , Lam SS 11

Affiliations 

  • 1 Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China; Centre for Research of Innovation and Sustainable Development, University College of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
  • 2 Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
  • 3 School of Foundation Studies, University College of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
  • 4 Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
  • 5 Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism Management, UCSI University Kuching Campus, Lot 2976, Block 7, Muara Tebas Land District, Sejingkat, 93450 Kuching,Sarawak, Malaysia
  • 6 NV WESTERN PLT, No. 208B, Jalan Macalister, Georgetown 10400, Pulau Pinang
  • 7 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China; Anhui Juke Graphene Technology Co., Ltd., Bozhou, Anhui 233600, PR China
  • 8 Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
  • 9 Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
  • 10 Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
  • 11 Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. Electronic address: lam@umt.edu.my
Bioresour Technol, 2022 Mar;347:126687.
PMID: 35007740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126687

Abstract

Thermal co-processing of lignocellulosic and aquatic biomass, such as algae and shellfish waste, has shown synergistic effects in producing value-added energy products with higher process efficiency than the traditional method, highlighting the importance of scaling up to pilot-scale operations. This article discusses the design and operation of pilot-scale reactors for torrefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification, as well as the key parameters of co-processing biomass into targeted and improved quality products for use as fuel, agricultural application, and environmental remediation. Techno-economic analysis reveals that end product selling price, market dynamics, government policies, and biomass cost are crucial factors influencing the sustainability of thermal co-processing as a feasible approach to utilize the biomass. Because of its simplicity, pyrolysis allows greater energy recovery, while gasification has the highest net present value (profitability). Integration of liquefaction, hydrothermal, and fermentation pre-treatment technology has the potential to increase energy efficiency while reducing process residues.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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