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Cerebral palsy and developmental intellectual disability in children younger than 5 years: Findings from the GBD-WHO Rehabilitation Database 2019

Olusanya BO 1 , Gladstone M 2 , Wright SM 3 , Hadders-Algra M 4 , Boo NY 5 , Nair MKC 6 Show all authors , Almasri N 7 , Kancherla V 8 , Samms-Vaughan ME 9 , Kakooza-Mwesige A 10 , Smythe T 11 , Del Castillo-Hegyi C 12 , Halpern R 13 , de Camargo OK 14 , Arabloo J 15 , Eftekhari A 16 , Shaheen A 17 , Gulati S 18 , Williams AN 19 , Olusanya JO 1 , Wertlieb D 20 , Newton CRJ 21 , Davis AC 22

Affiliations 

  • 1 Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
  • 2 Department of Women and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • 3 Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
  • 4 Division of Developmental Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  • 5 Department of Population Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 6 Child Development Centre, Thiruvananthapuram Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
  • 7 Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
  • 8 Department of Epidemiology Epidemiologist, Center for Spina Bifida Prevention Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
  • 9 Department of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
  • 10 Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
  • 11 International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  • 12 Department of Emergency Medicine, CHI St. Vincent, Little Rock, AR, United States
  • 13 Child Development Outpatient Clinic, Hospital da Criança Santo Antônio, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
  • 14 CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  • 15 Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 16 Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  • 17 Division of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
  • 18 Center of Excellence & Advanced Research on Childhood Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Child Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
  • 19 Virtual Academic Unit, Children's Directorate, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, United Kingdom
  • 20 Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Development, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
  • 21 Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, KiIifi, Kenya
  • 22 Department of Population Health Sciences, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom
Front Public Health, 2022;10:894546.
PMID: 36091559 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.894546

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Children with developmental disabilities are associated with a high risk of poor school enrollment and educational attainment without timely and appropriate support. Epidemiological data on cerebral palsy and associated comorbidities required for policy intervention in global health are lacking. This paper set out to report the best available evidence on the global and regional prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) and developmental intellectual disability and the associated "years lived with disability" (YLDs) among children under 5 years of age in 2019.

METHODS: We analyzed the collaborative 2019 Rehabilitation Database of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study and World Health Organization for neurological and mental disorders available for 204 countries and territories. Point prevalence and YLDs with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) are presented.

RESULTS: Globally, 8.1 million (7.1-9.2) or 1.2% of children under 5 years are estimated to have CP with 16.1 million (11.5-21.0) or 2.4% having intellectual disability. Over 98% resided in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). CP and intellectual disability accounted for 6.5% and 4.5% of the aggregate YLDs from all causes of adverse health outcomes respectively. African Region recorded the highest prevalence of CP (1.6%) while South-East Asia Region had the highest prevalence of intellectual disability. The top 10 countries accounted for 57.2% of the global prevalence of CP and 62.0% of the global prevalence of intellectual disability.

CONCLUSION: Based on this Database, CP and intellectual disability are highly prevalent and associated with substantial YLDs among children under 5 years worldwide. Universal early detection and support services are warranted, particularly in LMICs to optimize school readiness for these children toward inclusive education as envisioned by the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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