Affiliations 

  • 1 Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
  • 2 Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia; School of Microelectronic Engineering (SOME), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia. Electronic address: mohd.khairuddin@unimap.edu.my
  • 3 Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia; School of Microelectronic Engineering (SOME), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
  • 4 Advance Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
Biosens Bioelectron, 2015 Aug 15;70:209-20.
PMID: 25841117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.037

Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction or myocardial infarction (MI) is a major health problem, due to diminished flow of blood to the heart, leads to higher rates of mortality and morbidity. Data from World Health Organization (WHO) accounted 30% of global death annually and expected more than 23 million die annually by 2030. This fatal effects trigger the need of appropriate biomarkers for early diagnosis, thus countermeasure can be taken. At the moment, the most specific markers for cardiac injury are cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) which have been considered as 'gold standard'. Due to higher specificity, determination of the level of cardiac troponins became a predominant indicator for MI. Several ways of diagnostics have been formulated, which include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, chemiluminescent, fluoro-immunoassays, electrical detections, surface plasmon resonance, and colorimetric protein assay. This review represents and elucidates the strategies, methods and detection levels involved in these diagnostics on cardiac superior biomarkers. The advancement, sensitivity, and limitations of each method are also discussed. In addition, it concludes with a discussion on the point-of care (POC) assay for a fast, accurate and ability of handling small sample measurement of cardiac biomarker.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.