Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
  • 2 Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Seri Kembangan, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 4 Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 5 Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. laikoksong@gmail.com
  • 6 Centre for Cancer and Stem Cells Research, Institute for Research Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia. mai.chunwai@gmail.com
BMC Complement Altern Med, 2019 Sep 14;19(1):257.
PMID: 31521140 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2663-9

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Clinacanthus nutans extracts have been consumed by the cancer patients with the hope that the extracts can kill cancers more effectively than conventional chemotherapies. Our previous study reported its anti-inflammatory effects were caused by inhibiting Toll-like Receptor-4 (TLR-4) activation. However, we are unsure of its anticancer effect, and its interaction with existing chemotherapy.

METHODS: We investigated the anti-proliferative efficacy of polar leaf extracts (LP), non-polar leaf extracts (LN), polar stem extract (SP) and non-polar stem extracts (SN) in human breast, colorectal, lung, endometrial, nasopharyngeal, and pancreatic cancer cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT assay. The most potent extracts was tested along with gemcitabine using our established drug combination analysis. The effect of the combinatory treatment in apoptosis were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Annexin V assay, antibody array and immunoblotting. Statistical significance was analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Dunnett's test. A p-value of less than 0.05 (p 

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.