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Lipid Metabolism Links Nutrient-Exercise Timing to Insulin Sensitivity in Men Classified as Overweight or Obese

Edinburgh RM 1 , Bradley HE 2 , Abdullah NF 2 , Robinson SL 2 , Chrzanowski-Smith OJ 1 , Walhin JP 1 Show all authors , Joanisse S 2 , Manolopoulos KN 3 , Philp A 4 , Hengist A 1 , Chabowski A 5 , Brodsky FM 6 , Koumanov F 1 , Betts JA 1 , Thompson D 1 , Wallis GA 2 , Gonzalez JT 1

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
  • 2 School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  • 3 Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  • 4 Diabetes & Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 5 Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
  • 6 Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2020 03 01;105(3).
PMID: 31628477 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz104

Abstract

CONTEXT: Pre-exercise nutrient availability alters acute metabolic responses to exercise, which could modulate training responsiveness.

OBJECTIVE: To assess acute and chronic effects of exercise performed before versus after nutrient ingestion on whole-body and intramuscular lipid utilization and postprandial glucose metabolism.

DESIGN: (1) Acute, randomized, crossover design (Acute Study); (2) 6-week, randomized, controlled design (Training Study).

SETTING: General community.

PARTICIPANTS: Men with overweight/obesity (mean ± standard deviation, body mass index: 30.2 ± 3.5 kg⋅m-2 for Acute Study, 30.9 ± 4.5 kg⋅m-2 for Training Study).

INTERVENTIONS: Moderate-intensity cycling performed before versus after mixed-macronutrient breakfast (Acute Study) or carbohydrate (Training Study) ingestion.

RESULTS: Acute Study-exercise before versus after breakfast consumption increased net intramuscular lipid utilization in type I (net change: -3.44 ± 2.63% versus 1.44 ± 4.18% area lipid staining, P < 0.01) and type II fibers (-1.89 ± 2.48% versus 1.83 ± 1.92% area lipid staining, P < 0.05). Training Study-postprandial glycemia was not differentially affected by 6 weeks of exercise training performed before versus after carbohydrate intake (P > 0.05). However, postprandial insulinemia was reduced with exercise training performed before but not after carbohydrate ingestion (P = 0.03). This resulted in increased oral glucose insulin sensitivity (25 ± 38 vs -21 ± 32 mL⋅min-1⋅m-2; P = 0.01), associated with increased lipid utilization during exercise (r = 0.50, P = 0.02). Regular exercise before nutrient provision also augmented remodeling of skeletal muscle phospholipids and protein content of the glucose transport protein GLUT4 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Experiments investigating exercise training and metabolic health should consider nutrient-exercise timing, and exercise performed before versus after nutrient intake (ie, in the fasted state) may exert beneficial effects on lipid utilization and reduce postprandial insulinemia.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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