Photogrammetric Analysis of Eyebrow and Eyelid Dimensions in Indian American Adults

In cosmetic surgery, knowledge of the average dimensions of periorbital features based on gender and ethnicity is essential to improve the patient appearance and maintain the ethnicity. The aim the study was to establish gender-specific periorbital anthropometric and anthroposcopic data for Indian Americans (IA) and to assess the statistically ethnic differences by comparing with published data of Malaysian Indians (MI). Evaluation of periorbital features was done on the standardized frontal photographs of 400 IA, aged 18 to 26 years. The measured values were evaluated by an independent t-test. Sexual dimorphism was found in all 15 measurements. The eyebrow height, combined height of the orbit and eyebrow, eyebrow apex inclination, apex to lateral canthus distance, medial end of brow to medial canthus distance, lateral end of brow to lateral canthus distance; pretarsal skin height, palpebral fissure height, palpebral fissure inclination (PFI), and medial canthus tilt were significantly greater in female than the males. In males, eyebrow apex hairline distance, apex to lateral limbus distance, eyebrow apex angle (EAA), lower eyelid height, and interpupillary distance was significantly greater than the females. Significant ethnic difference was found between IA and MI for eyebrow height, apex to lateral limbus distance, EAA, palpebral fissure height, and PFI in male group. In female group, EAA, medial canthus tilt, and PFI were significantly greater in MI. Four types of epicanthus were observed and the brow apex between lateral limbus and lateral canthus was the most common position. The generated normative data may be useful during diagnosis and treatment planning.