Limonin modulated immune and inflammatory responses to suppress colorectal adenocarcinoma in mice model

Ishak NIM 1 , Mohamed S 2 , Madzuki IN 1 , Mustapha NM 3 , Esa NM 4

Affiliations 

  • 1 Laboratory of UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Level 4, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 2 Laboratory of UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Level 4, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. suhaila@upm.edu.my
  • 3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 4 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2021 09;394(9):1907-1915.
PMID: 34009457 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02101-6

Abstract

Inflammation and compromised immune responses often increase colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The immune-modulating effects of limonin on carcinogen/inflammation-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) were studied in mice. Male Balb/c mice were randomly assorted into three groups (n = 6): healthy control, non-treated CRC-induced (azoxymethane/dextran-sulfate-sodium AOM/DSS) control, and CRC-induced + 50 mg limonin/kg body weight. The CRC developments were monitored via macroscopic, histopathological, ELISA, and mRNA expression analyses. Limonin downregulated inflammation (TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α), enhanced the adaptive immune responses (CD8, CD4, and CD19), and upregulated antioxidant defense (Nrf2, SOD2) mRNA expressions. Limonin reduced serum malondialdehyde (MDA, lipid peroxidation biomarker), prostaglandin E2, and histopathology inflammation scores, while increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) in CRC-induced mice. Limonin significantly (p 

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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