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Bio-psycho-socio-demographic and Obstetric Predictors of Postpartum Depression in Pregnancy: A prospective Cohort Study

Abdollahi F 1 , Rohani S 1 , Sazlina GS 2 , Zarghami M 3 , Azhar MZ 4 , Lye MS 5 Show all authors , Rezaiee Abhari F 6 , Majidi Z 7 , Mozafari S 7

Affiliations 

  • 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • 2 Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
  • 3 Professor, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute AND Department of Psychiatry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • 4 Professor, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
  • 5 Professor, Department of Community Health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
  • 6 Lecturer, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • 7 Health Care Provider, Health Center of Behshahr, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci, 2014;8(2):11-21.
PMID: 25053953

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
There are various attempts to confirm variables that could predict postpartum depression in advance. This study determined antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression in women at risk of developing this disorder.

METHODS:
A prospective cohort study was conducted with 2279 eligible women who attended at Mazandaran province' primary health centers from 32-42 weeks of pregnancy to eighth postpartum weeks. The women were screened for symptoms of depression using the Iranian version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. An Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of > 12 indicated possible postpartum depression. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used for data analysis.

RESULTS:
A total of 2083women during 32-42 weeks of gestation participated in this study and were followed up to 8-week postpartum. Four hundred and three (19.4%) mothers yielded scores above the threshold of 12. Depression and general health state in pregnancy based on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (OR = 1.35, CI = 1.3-1.4) and General Health Questionnaire-28 (OR = 1.03, CI = 1.01-1.04), respectively were significant independent antenatal risk factors of depression symptoms at 8-week postpartum. Mothers who lived in nuclear families (OR = 1.38, CI = 1.04-1.84), whose husbands had lower educational status (OR = 0.95, CI = 0.91-0.99), and with delayed prenatal care (OR = 1.01, CI = 1.001-1.03) were more susceptible to postpartum depression.

CONCLUSION:
A comprehensive antenatal assessment focused on psychiatric problems, environmental and obstetric factors would benefit pregnant women in the prevention of postpartum depression.

KEYWORDS:
Cohort Study; Postpartum Depression; Prediction; Risk Factors

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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