WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies

Sumaila UR 1 , Skerritt DJ 1 , Schuhbauer A 1 , Villasante S 2 , Cisneros-Montemayor AM 3 , Sinan H 4 Show all authors , Burnside D 1 , Abdallah PR 5 , Abe K 6 , Addo KA 7 , Adelsheim J 1 , Adewumi IJ 8 , Adeyemo OK 9 , Adger N 10 , Adotey J 11 , Advani S 1 , Afrin Z 12 , Aheto D 13 , Akintola SL 14 , Akpalu W 15 , Alam L 16 , Alava JJ 1 , Allison EH 17 , Amon DJ 18 , Anderies JM 19 , Anderson CM 20 , Andrews E 21 , Angelini R 22 , Anna Z 23 , Antweiler W 24 , Arizi EK 11 , Armitage D 25 , Arthur RI 26 , Asare N 27 , Asche F 28 , Asiedu B 29 , Asuquo F 30 , Badmus L 31 , Bailey M 4 , Ban N 32 , Barbier EB 33 , Barley S 34 , Barnes C 35 , Barrett S 36 , Basurto X 37 , Belhabib D 38 , Bennett E 39 , Bennett NJ 40 , Benzaken D 41 , Blasiak R 42 , Bohorquez JJ 43 , Bordehore C 44 , Bornarel V 1 , Boyd DR 45 , Breitburg D 46 , Brooks C 47 , Brotz L 1 , Campbell D 48 , Cannon S 1 , Cao L 49 , Cardenas Campo JC 50 , Carpenter S 51 , Carpenter G 52 , Carson RT 53 , Carvalho AR 54 , Castrejón M 55 , Caveen AJ 56 , Chabi MN 57 , Chan KMA 58 , Chapin FS 59 , Charles T 60 , Cheung W 1 , Christensen V 1 , Chuku EO 11 , Church T 61 , Clark C 62 , Clarke TM 1 , Cojocaru AL 63 , Copeland B 64 , Crawford B 65 , Crépin AS 42 , Crowder LB 66 , Cury P 67 , Cutting AN 1 , Daily GC 68 , Da-Rocha JM 69 , Das A 70 , de la Puente S 1 , de Zeeuw A 71 , Deikumah SKS 11 , Deith M 1 , Dewitte B 72 , Doubleday N 73 , Duarte CM 74 , Dulvy NK 75 , Eddy T 76 , Efford M 1 , Ehrlich PR 77 , Elsler LG 78 , Fakoya KA 14 , Falaye AE 79 , Fanzo J 80 , Fitzsimmons C 81 , Flaaten O 82 , Florko KRN 1 , Aviles MF 1 , Folke C 42 , Forrest A 83 , Freeman P 65 , Freire KMF 84 , Froese R 85 , Frölicher TL 86 , Gallagher A 87 , Garcon V 88 , Gasalla MA 89 , Gephart JA 90 , Gibbons M 91 , Gillespie K 1 , Giron-Nava A 92 , Gjerde K 93 , Glaser S 94 , Golden C 95 , Gordon L 96 , Govan H 97 , Gryba R 1 , Halpern BS 98 , Hanich Q 99 , Hara M 100 , Harley CDG 1 , Harper S 32 , Harte M 101 , Helm R 102 , Hendrix C 103 , Hicks CC 104 , Hood L 105 , Hoover C 4 , Hopewell K 45 , Horta E Costa BB 106 , Houghton JDR 107 , Iitembu JA 108 , Isaacs M 109 , Isahaku S 110 , Ishimura G 111 , Islam M 112 , Issifu I 1 , Jackson J 113 , Jacquet J 114 , Jensen OP 115 , Ramon JJ 116 , Jin X 1 , Jonah A 11 , Jouffray JB 42 , Juniper SK 117 , Jusoh S 118 , Kadagi I 119 , Kaeriyama M 57 , Kaiser MJ 120 , Kaiser BA 121 , Kakujaha-Matundu O 122 , Karuaihe ST 123 , Karumba M 124 , Kemmerly JD 125 , Khan AS 126 , Kimani P 127 , Kleisner K 128 , Knowlton N 129 , Kotowicz D 65 , Kurien J 130 , Kwong LE 1 , Lade S 42 , Laffoley D 131 , Lam ME 132 , Lam VWL 1 , Lange GM 129 , Latif MT 133 , Le Billon P 1 , Le Brenne V 134 , Le Manach F 134 , Levin SA 135 , Levin L 136 , Limburg KE 137 , List J 138 , Lombard AT 139 , Lopes PFM 140 , Lotze HK 141 , Mallory TG 142 , Mangar RS 1 , Marszalec D 143 , Mattah P 11 , Mayorga J 144 , McAusland C 145 , McCauley DJ 146 , McLean J 147 , McMullen K 1 , Meere F 148 , Mejaes A 1 , Melnychuk M 1 , Mendo J 149 , Micheli F 150 , Millage K 98 , Miller D 151 , Mohamed KS 152 , Mohammed E 17 , Mokhtar M 16 , Morgan L 153 , Muawanah U 154 , Munro GR 64 , Murray G 37 , Mustafa S 16 , Nayak P 155 , Newell D 1 , Nguyen T 156 , Noack F 145 , Nor AM 157 , Nunoo FKE 158 , Obura D 159 , Okey T 32 , Okyere I 27 , Onyango P 160 , Oostdijk M 78 , Orlov P 161 , Österblom H 42 , Owens D 162 , Owens T 163 , Oyinlola M 1 , Pacoureau N 75 , Pakhomov E 1 , Abrantes JP 51 , Pascual U 164 , Paulmier A 165 , Pauly D 1 , Pèlèbè ROE 11 , Peñalosa D 166 , Pennino MG 167 , Peterson G 42 , Pham TTT 82 , Pinkerton E 3 , Polasky S 168 , Polunin NVC 81 , Prah E 11 , Ramírez J 46 , Relano V 1 , Reygondeau G 1 , Robadue D 65 , Roberts C 169 , Rogers A 170 , Roumbedakis K 2 , Sala E 171 , Scheffer M 172 , Segerson K 173 , Seijo JC 174 , Seto KC 175 , Shogren JF 176 , Silver JJ 177 , Singh G 1 , Soszynski A 1 , Splichalova DV 58 , Spring M 125 , Stage J 178 , Stephenson F 179 , Stewart BD 180 , Sultan R 181 , Suttle C 1 , Tagliabue A 182 , Tall A 183 , Talloni-Álvarez N 1 , Tavoni A 184 , Taylor DRF 185 , Teh LSL 1 , Teh LCL 1 , Thiebot JB 186 , Thiele T 187 , Thilsted SH 17 , Thumbadoo RV 188 , Tigchelaar M 189 , Tol RSJ 190 , Tortell P 161 , Troell M 191 , Uzmanoğlu MS 192 , van Putten I 193 , van Santen G 194 , Villaseñor-Derbez JC 98 , Wabnitz CCC 1 , Walsh M 195 , Walsh JP 196 , Wambiji N 197 , Weber EU 198 , Westley F 155 , Williams S 199 , Wisz MS 78 , Worm B 141 , Xiao L 57 , Yagi N 200 , Yamazaki S 201 , Yang H 202 , Zeller D 203

Affiliations 

  • 1 Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
  • 2 Cross-Research in Environmental Technologies, Department of Applied Economics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
  • 3 School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
  • 4 Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
  • 5 Instituto de Ciências Econômicas, Administrativas e Contábeis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
  • 6 Centre for Applied Research at Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway
  • 7 Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
  • 8 Global Ocean Accounts Partnership, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  • 9 Fish and Wildlife Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 10 Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, EX44RJ, UK
  • 11 Centre for Coastal Management, Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
  • 12 The World Maritime University-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute, World Maritime University, Malmö, Sweden
  • 13 Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
  • 14 Fisheries Department, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
  • 15 School of Research and Graduate Studies, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Achimota-Accra, Ghana
  • 16 Institute for Environment and Development, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
  • 17 WorldFish, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
  • 18 SpeSeas, D'Abadie, Trinidad and Tobago
  • 19 School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
  • 20 School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
  • 21 Ocean Frontier Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X5, Canada
  • 22 Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, CP 1524, Natal/RN, Brazil
  • 23 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
  • 24 Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada
  • 25 School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
  • 26 Woodhill Solutions, Glyneath House, Longtown, Herefordshire, UK
  • 27 Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
  • 28 School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
  • 29 Department of Fisheries and Water Resources, School of Natural Resources, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
  • 30 Department of Oceanography, University of Calabar, Nigeria
  • 31 World Aquaculture Society, African Chapter West African Region, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 32 School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
  • 33 Department of Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1771, USA
  • 34 Minderoo Foundation, Broadway Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
  • 35 Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance, University of Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
  • 36 Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
  • 37 Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
  • 38 Ecotrust Canada, Vancouver, BC V6A 2T2, Canada
  • 39 Department of Natural Resource Sciences and Bieler School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
  • 40 The Peopled Seas Initiative, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  • 41 Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
  • 42 Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
  • 43 School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
  • 44 Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
  • 45 School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
  • 46 Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos, Ecuador
  • 47 Environmental Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303-0397, USA
  • 48 Department of Geography and Geology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
  • 49 School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
  • 50 School of Economics, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
  • 51 Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53706, USA
  • 52 Independent Consultant, Brussels, Belgium
  • 53 Department of Economics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
  • 54 Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59078-970, Brazil
  • 55 Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
  • 56 Biological and Marine Sciences, Hull University, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
  • 57 Hokkaido University, Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido, Japan
  • 58 Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  • 59 Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
  • 60 School of the Environment, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
  • 61 Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  • 62 Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  • 63 Department of Innovation, Management and Marketing, University of Stavanger Business School, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
  • 64 Vancouver School of Economics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  • 65 Coastal Resources Center, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
  • 66 Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
  • 67 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Marseille, France
  • 68 Natural Capital Project, Biology Department and Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
  • 69 Economics and Business Administration for Society, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, Campus Universitario, 32004 Ourense, Spain
  • 70 Department of Applied Economics, Auburn University, College of Agriculture, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
  • 71 Tilburg Sustainability Center and Department of Economics, Tilburg University, 5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands
  • 72 Center for Advanced Studies in Arid Zones, Campus Andrés Bello Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
  • 73 Faculty of Humanities, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  • 74 Red Sea Research Centre and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
  • 75 Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
  • 76 Fisheries & Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
  • 77 Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
  • 78 World Maritime University of the International Maritime Organization, a Specialized Agency of the United Nations, Malmö, Sweden
  • 79 Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • 80 Berman Institute of Bioethics, Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
  • 81 School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
  • 82 The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, The Arctic University of Norway, Langnes, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
  • 83 Minderoo Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
  • 84 Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
  • 85 Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, 24105 Kiel, Germany
  • 86 Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
  • 87 Beneath the Waves, Herndon, VA 20172, USA
  • 88 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratory of Space Geophysical and Oceanographic Studies, Toulouse, France
  • 89 University of Sao Paulo, Oceanographic Institute, Fisheries Ecosystems Laboratory, São Paulo, 05508-120, Brazil
  • 90 Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
  • 91 Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Belville, Western Cape, South Africa
  • 92 Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
  • 93 IUCN Global Marine and Polar Programme, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
  • 94 Secure Fisheries, a program of One Earth Future foundation, Broomfield, CO 80021, USA
  • 95 Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  • 96 Global Resilience Partnership, Stockholm, Sweden
  • 97 School of Government, Development and International Affairs, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
  • 98 Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
  • 99 Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
  • 100 Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
  • 101 College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
  • 102 University of North Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804, USA
  • 103 Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
  • 104 Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
  • 105 Marine Futures Laboratory and Sea Around Us - Indian Ocean, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
  • 106 Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
  • 107 School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland
  • 108 Department of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Sam Nujoma Campus, University of Namibia, Henties Bay, Namibia
  • 109 Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies, School of Government, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
  • 110 General Education Academic and Career Pathway, Milwaukee Area Technical College, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
  • 111 Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
  • 112 Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
  • 113 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
  • 114 New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
  • 115 Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
  • 116 MarViva, San José, Costa Rica
  • 117 School of Earth and Ocean Sciences University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
  • 118 Institute of Malaysian and International Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia
  • 119 World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037, USA
  • 120 The Lyell Centre, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
  • 121 Department of Sociology, Environmental and Business Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Degnevej 14, 6705 Esbjerg, Denmark
  • 122 Department of Economics, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
  • 123 Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
  • 124 State Department for Planning, Nairobi, Kenya
  • 125 Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
  • 126 Department of Agriculture and Agro-Industry, Agribusiness Division, African Development Bank, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
  • 127 Coastal and Marine Resource Development, Bamburi, Mombasa, Kenya
  • 128 Environmental Defense Fund, Boston, MA 02108, USA
  • 129 Washington, DC, USA
  • 130 Azim Premji University, Bengaluru, India
  • 131 International Union for Conservation of Nature, World Commission on Protected Areas, Gland, Switzerland
  • 132 Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
  • 133 Department of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
  • 134 Bloom, Paris 75011, France
  • 135 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA
  • 136 Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
  • 137 State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
  • 138 The Kenneth C. Griffin Department of Economics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
  • 139 Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
  • 140 Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
  • 141 Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
  • 142 China Ocean Institute, Seattle, WA 98122 USA
  • 143 Department of Economics and Business, International Christian University, 3-10-2 Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan
  • 144 Environmental Market Solutions Lab, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA
  • 145 Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
  • 146 Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
  • 147 Global Health Graduate Programs, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  • 148 Sustainable Fisheries Management, Calwell, ACT 2905, Australia
  • 149 Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
  • 150 Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
  • 151 Oceana-Europe, London, UK
  • 152 Sustainable Seafood Network of India, 695001, Kerala, India
  • 153 Marine Conservation Institute, Glen Ellen CA 95442, USA
  • 154 The Agency for Research and Human Development on Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia
  • 155 University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
  • 156 Department of Applied Economics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
  • 157 International Institute of Public Policy and Management, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 158 Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
  • 159 Coastal Oceans Research and Development - Indian Ocean (CORDIO) East Africa, Mombasa 80101, Kenya
  • 160 University of Dar es Salaam, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
  • 161 Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
  • 162 Ocean Networks, Canada University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
  • 163 School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
  • 164 Basque Centre for Climate Change, Leioa, Spain
  • 165 Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
  • 166 Hunan Intelligon Systems Co. Ltd, 597140, Singapore
  • 167 Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, 36390 Vigo, Spain
  • 168 Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
  • 169 Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
  • 170 REV Ocean, NO-1366 Lysaker, Norway
  • 171 National Geographic, Pristine Seas, Washington, DC 20036, USA
  • 172 Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
  • 173 Department of Economics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
  • 174 School of Natural Resources, Universidad Marista de Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
  • 175 School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
  • 176 Department of Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
  • 177 University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
  • 178 Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden
  • 179 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
  • 180 Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, YO10 5NG, UK
  • 181 Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
  • 182 School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
  • 183 The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Wuse, Abuja, Nigeria
  • 184 Department of Economics, Universita di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
  • 185 Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  • 186 National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
  • 187 Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany
  • 188 Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
  • 189 Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
  • 190 Department of Economics, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9SL, UK
  • 191 The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 10405, Stockholm, Sweden
  • 192 Department of Fisheries, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
  • 193 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
  • 194 Bethesda, Maryland, USA
  • 195 Marine Conservation Finance Consulting and Ocean Finance Initiative, Asian Development Bank, Metro Manila, Philippines
  • 196 Graduate School of Oceanography, The University of Rhode Island, Bay Campus, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
  • 197 Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya
  • 198 Andlinger Center for Energy and Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
  • 199 Mundus Maris, Agege, Lagos, Nigeria
  • 200 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
  • 201 Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005, Australia
  • 202 Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, UK, RG6 6AB, UK
  • 203 School of Biological Sciences & Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
Science, 2021 10 29;374(6567):544.
PMID: 34709891 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm1680

Abstract

[Figure: see text].

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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