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  1. Simple method for retrieval of distal segment of the broken interlocking intramedullary nail
    Marwan M, Ibrahim M
    Injury, 1999 Jun;30(5):333-5.
    PMID: 10505126
    A simple technique for removal of the distal fragment of the broken intramedullary interlocking nail is described. It was successfully used in three patients with a broken nail due to nonunion. The technique requires only cerclage wire, which is available in any operating room, avoiding the difficulties obtaining the custom made hook and of excessive exposure to radiation.
  2. Fulltext Treating one's own ailments
    Ibrahim MI
    World Health Forum, 1996;17(4):409-10.
    PMID: 9060246
    A small survey in Peninsular Malaysia indicates a marked tendency among the general population to treat minor ailments by self-medication with over-the-counter drugs and/or traditional medicines. The use of over-the-counter drugs appears to be favoured for skin conditions, general health care, aches and pains, and problems affecting the eyes, ears, mouth, gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract. A doctor is usually consulted if self-medication fails.
  3. Fulltext Design, fabrication and testing of shea nut shelling machine
    Ibrahim, M. G., Ahmad, D., Shehu, A. A., Dauda, S.M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(101):71-79.
    MyJurnal
    Sheanut (Butyrospernum paradoxum) is an oil rich tropical tree crop, which is indigenous to
    the West African savannah zone. In Nigeria, most of the sheanuts shelling are done manually
    by rural women and children, which is labour demanding and tedious. This research work
    was carried out to determine some physical and mechanical properties of sheanut in order
    to minimize economic losses associated with its processing. The mean values recorded
    for the physical properties at 25% moisture content (wb) are; major diameter (29.20 mm),
    intermediate diameter (21.90 mm), minor diameter (15.00 mm), geometric mean diameter
    (21.90 mm), arithmetic mean diameter (21.20 mm), angle of repose (30.280). The mean
    values for the mechanical properties are; linear limit force (0.80 kN), linear limit deformation
    (4.60 mm), bioyield point force (1.40 kN), bioyield point deformation (6.50 mm), rupture
    point force (2.10 kN) and rupture point deformation (9.60 mm). Based on the physical and
    mechanical properties, a sheanut shelling machine was developed that is capable of addressing
    the aforementioned problems. Putting into consideration better shelling and efficient separation
    of shea nuts so as to encourage more utilization and processing of shea nuts and its products.
    The machine was designed to be powered by 5 hp electric motor. It was tested to shell, separate
    and clean sheanuts. The result of the performance evaluation showed that the machine had
    shelling efficiency of 96%; cleaning efficiency of the machine was 69.56% while the recovery
    efficiency was 82.7%. The successful development of this machine will reduce drudgery and
    time taken associated with the traditional method of sheanut shelling and therefore will increase
    productivity and utilization.
  4. Production and characterization of rhamnolipid using palm oil agricultural refinery waste
    Radzuan MN, Banat IM, Winterburn J
    Bioresour Technol, 2017 Feb;225:99-105.
    PMID: 27888734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.052
    In this research we assess the feasibility of using palm oil agricultural refinery waste as a carbon source for the production of rhamnolipid biosurfactant through fermentation. The production and characterization of rhamnolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 grown on palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) under batch fermentation were investigated. Results show that P. aeruginosa PAO1 can grow and produce 0.43gL(-1) of rhamnolipid using PFAD as the sole carbon source. Identification of the biosurfactant product using mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of monorhamnolipid and dirhamnolipid. The rhamnolipid produced from PFAD were able to reduce surface tension to 29mNm(-1) with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) 420mgL(-1) and emulsify kerosene and sunflower oil, with an emulsion index up to 30%. Results demonstrate that PFAD could be used as a low-cost substrate for rhamnolipid production, utilizing and transforming it into a value added biosurfactant product.
  5. Fulltext A study of anthropometric characteristics between Malaysian and Saudi Arabian males aged 20 to 30 years
    Taha Z, Jomoah IM, Zadry HR
    J Hum Ergol (Tokyo), 2009 Jun;38(1):27-32.
    PMID: 20034316 DOI: 10.11183/jhe.38.27
    This study presents a comparison of the anthropometric characteristics of 241 Malaysian and 646 Saudi Arabian males aged 20 to 30 years. The mean values, standard deviation (SD), and 5th and 95th percentile values of 26 measurements and 22 proportions of each group were given. The results showed that there were significant differences in a number of body dimensions between these populations, except for eye height and elbow height (standing) and height, eye height, shoulder height, and elbow height (sitting). These results are important for the ergonomic design of workstations, personal protective equipment, tools, interface systems and furniture: The presented data may be useful for providing a safer, more productive and user-friendly workplace for Malaysian and Saudi Arabian populations.
  6. Management of diarrhoea cases by community pharmacies in 3 cities of Pakistan
    Hussain A, Ibrahim MI
    East Mediterr Health J, 2012 Jun;18(6):635-40.
    PMID: 22888622
    Community pharmacies are valued for their potential role in the management of common ailments. This cross-sectional study aimed to document the management of diarrhoea by community pharmacies in 3 cities in Pakistan. Visits were performed to 371 randomly selected pharmacies to request advice for a simulated paediatric case of diarrhoea. The pharmacy's management was scored on a checklist including history taking and provision of advice and information. Customers were served by a salesperson in 97.3% of visits and by a pharmacist in only 2.2%. Medication was dispensed in 77.1% of visits. Of the medications dispensed, 58.7% were antiamoebics, 14.0% antibiotics and 18.9% antidiarrhoeals; only 8.4% were oral rehydration salts. None of the regimens matched with a standard prescription. The dosage regimen was explained to the customer in only 52.6% of cases. Drug safety, unqualified personnel, lack of history taking, inappropriate treatment and lack of counselling are concerns to be addressed.
  7. Fulltext Closed tibia fracture. "The effect of an intact fibula and the location of tibia fracture on fracture union"
    Ibrahim MM, Mohd R, Ruslan R
    Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53 Suppl A:27-34.
    PMID: 10968180
    Tibial fractures are common and complications occur more frequently than any other long bone fractures. The effect of fibula and location of fracture on union of Tibia fracture remain controversial. A retrospective study of unilateral closed tibial shaft fractures without any associated injury was done. From 1988 to 1992, 74 out of 103 patients were available for the study. There were 60 males and 14 females with the age ranges from 3 to 75 years with an average of 29.7 years. The differences of fractures healing were analyses with respect to the status of the fibula and the location of the tibial fracture. This study concludes that the location of the fracture and the status of the fibula have no significant influence on healing (p > 0.05).
  8. Burkholderia cepacia: a rare cause of bacterial keratitis
    Ibrahim M, Yap JY
    BMJ Case Rep, 2018 Apr 25;2018.
    PMID: 29695396 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-224552
    We describe the first clinical case of Burkholderia cepacia keratitis registered in Southeast Asia. A man in his mid-70s with underlying poorly controlled diabetes mellitus came with complaints of painful red left eye for 4 days. This was accompanied with photophobia and blurring of vision after being injured by a wooden particle while cutting grass. Slit-lamp examination showed a paracentral anterior corneal stromal infiltrates with overlying epithelial defect. Culture of the corneal smear isolated B. cepacia that was sensitive to ceftazidime, meropenem and bactrim (trimethorprim and sulfomethoxazole). Topical ceftazidime was given intensively to the patient and the infection resolved after 6 weeks of treatment.
  9. Fulltext Diagnostic Performance and Eye Movement Parameters during Radiographic Image Interpretation among Radiographers
    Ibrahim, M. I., Mohd Norsuddin, N., Che Isa, I. N., Azman, N. F., Mohamad Shahimin, M.
    Physics and Technology in Medicine, 2020;1(2):12-19.
    MyJurnal
    The radiographer's role in the imaging field is producing the best image to diagnose. Hence, this study is conducted to justify the ability of radiographers in terms of diagnostic performance and visual search patterns during radiographic image interpretation based on their experience. The musculoskeletal radiographic images were chosen as radiographers are expected to perform image interpretation in the red dot system as one of the expanded and extended roles of the radiographer. Sensitivity and specificity in the detection of abnormality are measured. The gaze plot, fixation count and duration are compared between groups of radiographers by using an eye tracker. 19 radiographic images consist of upper and lower extremities are used as stimuli in this study. The result from this study shows no significant difference in terms of sensitivity and specificity with a p-value of 0.818 and 0.146 respectively. For visual search pattern, two images have significant different in term of fixation count (Image 1, p = 0.017; Image 2, p = 0.042) and two images in fixation duration (Image 1, p = 0.001; Image 15, p = 0.021). The gaze plot is not different from an unstructured pattern and less coverage. In conclusion, the experience did not give an influence on the radiographic image interpretation. This may suggest that specific training in areas appropriate to the development of the radiographer could improve the image interpretation.
  10. Pore size prediction of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes using artificial neural networks
    Ibrahim MZ, Norashikin MZ
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2010 Sep;10(9):6211-5.
    PMID: 21133176
    This paper reports the performance of two different artificial neural networks (ANN), Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) compared to conventional software for prediction of the pore size of the asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes. ANN has advantages such as incredible approximation, generalization and good learning ability. The MLP are well suited for multiple inputs and multiple outputs while RBF are powerful techniques for interpolation in multidimensional space. Three experimental data sets were used to train the ANN using polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular weights as additives namely as PEG 200, PEG 400 and PEG 600. The values of the pore size can be determined manually from the graph and solve it using mathematical equation. However, the mathematical solution used to determine the pore size and pore size distribution involve complicated equations and tedious. Thus, in this study, MLP and RBF are applied as an alternative method to estimate the pore size of polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes. The raw data needed for the training are solute separation and solute diameter. Values of solute separation were obtained from the ultrafiltration experiments and solute diameters ware calculated using mathematical equation. With the development of this ANN model, the process to estimate membrane pore size could be made easier and faster compared to mathematical solutions.
  11. Fulltext The effect of lifestyle modification intervention with motivational construct on dietary macronutrient intake among obese adults.
    Shahadan SZ, Daud A, Md. Isa ML, Ibrahim M, Deraman S
    IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2019;18(2):13-22.
    MyJurnal
    An unhealthy dietary practice as a result of environmental and societal changes is increasingly exposed to adults. These unhealthy practices lead to an increased cardiometabolic risk, and obese adults are at a higher risk as compared to normal-weight adults. The best strategy to promote healthy lifestyle practices among Malaysian obese adult is still fragmented. Materials and Methods: A single-centre randomised controlled trial was carried out to determine the effect of the lifestyle modification intervention (LMI) with the motivational construct, in comparison to the current standard LMI on the dietary macronutrient intake among obese adults. The dietary macronutrient intake and changes in body weight were assessed at baseline and after six months. Seventy-nine participants completed the study. Results: Our finding showed that six months of LMI with motivational construct resulted in a higher reduction of total fat and cholesterol from the dietary intake as compared to the control. In addition, the participants in the intervention group had a significant body weight loss after six months (-1.97 kg, 95% CI: -0.324, 1.360, t(39) = 3.397, p= 0.002). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the intervention had a meaningful impact on improving the dietary macronutrient intake, which is beneficial to support body weight loss in obese adults. Future trials with additional nutritional biomarkers are needed to extend these findings.
  12. Fulltext Energy usage and drying capacity of flat-bed and inclined-bed dryers for rough rice drying
    Ghiasi, M., Ibrahim, M. N., Kadir Basha, R., Abdul Talib, R.
    International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(101):23-29.
    MyJurnal
    The evaluation of a dryer performance in terms of energy consumption, drying capacity and
    quality of final product is the main concern of rice milling industry at any time. A study was
    implemented to investigate on the benefits of common drying practices by studying the drying
    performances of flat-bed and inclined-bed dryers which are popular in rice industry in Malaysia
    and neighbouring countries. For this purpose, flat-bed dryer (FBD) and inclined-bed dryer
    (IBD) were designed, fabricated and operated in the laboratory based on actual industrial
    drying conditions. The results revealed that inclined-bed drying significantly increased drying
    capacity (ton m-2 h-1) of up to 25 % at drying temperature of 42-43°C and almost 29 % at 38-
    39°C drying air temperature compared to flat-bed drying. Furthermore, overall drying energy
    consumption in IBD was found to vary between 78.6 to 91.97 kW.h ton-1, while for FBD the
    energy consumption was more than 200 kW.h ton-1 for both levels of drying air temperatures.
    Both dryers were found to produce rice with desired/ acceptable commercial quality index,
    even though the head rice yields of FBD were higher than that of IBDs.
  13. Fulltext An overview on the performance of nano silica materials on the properties of porous concrete pavement
    Mohd Yusak, M. I., Putra Jaya, R., Hainin, M. R., Wan Ibrahim, M. H.
    Journal of Advanced Review on Scientific Research, 2014;1(1):344-42.
    MyJurnal
    Porous concrete technology has been used since 1970s in various parts of the United States
    as an option in complex drainage systems and water retention areas. Porous concrete pavements have
    become popular as an effective stormwater management device to control stormwater runoff in
    pavement. Porous concrete pavement is being used as one of the solutions to decrease the stormwater
    runoff by capturing and allowing rainwater to drain into the land surface. The main problem of porous
    concrete pavement is its strength. The objective of this paper is to review the use and performance of
    nano silica in porous concrete pavement and previous laboratory study on porous concrete pavement.
    From the literature review, it was found that the conventional porous concrete pavement does not have
    good strength for pavement purpose. An addition of nano-material will improve the physical and
    chemical properties of porous concrete pavement. To improve the strength of the porous concrete,
    various additives have been studied as a part of porous concrete mix and yet, the optimum condition to
    produce good porous concrete has still not been established. From the previous study, it was found that
    in preparing the porous concrete laboratory specimen, the use of standard Proctor hammer (2.5 kg)
    and pneumatic press (70 kPa compaction effort) resulted in the closest properties to the field porous
    concrete.
  14. Fulltext Synthesis, Characterization, and Bioactivity of Schiff Bases and Their Cd(2+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), and Ni(2+) Complexes Derived from Chloroacetophenone Isomers with S-Benzyldithiocarbazate and the X-Ray Crystal Structure of S-Benzyl- β -N-(4-chlorophenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate
    Break MK, Tahir MI, Crouse KA, Khoo TJ
    Bioinorg Chem Appl, 2013;2013:362513.
    PMID: 24319401 DOI: 10.1155/2013/362513
    Two bidentate Schiff base ligands having nitrogen sulphur donor sequence were derived from the condensation of S-benzyldithiocarbazate (SBDTC) with 2-chloroacetophenone and 4-chloroacetophenone to give S-benzyl- β -N-(2-chlorophenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate (NS2) and S-benzyl- β -N-(4-chlorophenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate (NS4) isomers. Each of the ligands was then chelated with Cd(2+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), and Ni(2+). The compounds were characterized via IR spectroscopy and melting point while the structure of NS4 was revealed via X-ray crystallography. Finally, the compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity to investigate the effect that is brought by the introduction of the chlorine atom to the benzene ring. X-ray crystallographic analysis showed that the structure of NS4 is planar with a phenyl ring that is nearly perpendicular to the rest of the molecules. The qualitative antimicrobial assay results showed that NS4 and its complexes lacked antifungal activity while Gram-positive bacteria were generally inhibited more strongly than Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, NS4 metal complexes were inhibited more strongly than the ligand while the opposite was seen with NS2 ligand and its complexes due to the partial solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). It was concluded that generally NS2 derivatives have higher bioactivity than that of NS4 derivatives and that the Cd complexes of both ligands have pronounced activity specifically on K. rhizophila.
  15. Anatomy learning styles and strategies among Jordanian and Malaysian medical students: the impact of culture on learning anatomy
    Mustafa AG, Allouh MZ, Mustafa IG, Hoja IM
    Surg Radiol Anat, 2013 Jul;35(5):435-41.
    PMID: 23292088 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-012-1067-z
    The study aims to investigate anatomy learning styles and strategies of Jordanian and Malaysian medical students at the Jordan University of Science and Technology.
  16. Fulltext Loranthus ferrugineus: a Mistletoe from Traditional Uses to Laboratory Bench
    Ameer OZ, Salman IM, Quek KJ, Asmawi MZ
    J Pharmacopuncture, 2015 Mar;18(1):7-18.
    PMID: 25830054 DOI: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.001
    Loranthus ferrugineus (L. ferrugineus) from Loranthaceae, a mistletoe, is a medicinal herb used for a variety of human ailments. Traditionally, decoctions of this parasitic shrub have been mainly used to treat high blood pressure (BP) and gastrointestinal complaints; usage which is supported by experimental based pharmacological investigations. Nonetheless, there is still limited data available evaluating this plant's traditions, and few studies have been scientifically translated toward evidence based phytomedicine. We therefore provide a concise review of the currently available L. ferrugineus literature and discuss potential directions for future areas of investigation.
  17. Fulltext Crystal structure of benzyl (E)-2-(3,4-di-meth-oxy-benzyl-idene)hydrazine-1-carbodi-thio-ate
    Tan YF, Break MK, Tahir MI, Khoo TJ
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2015 Feb 1;71(Pt 2):238-40.
    PMID: 25878829 DOI: 10.1107/S205698901500095X
    The title compound, C17H18N2O2S2, synthesized via a condensation reaction between S-benzyl di-thio-carbazate and 3,4-di-meth-oxy-benzaldehyde, crystallized with two independent mol-ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. Both mol-ecules have an L-shape but differ in the orientation of the benzyl ring with respect to the 3,4-di-meth-oxy-benzyl-idine ring, this dihedral angle is 65.59 (8)° in mol-ecule A and 73.10 (8)° in mol-ecule B. In the crystal, the A and B mol-ecules are linked via pairs of N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming dimers with an R 2 (2)(8) ring motif. The dimers are linked via pairs of C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, giving inversion dimers of dimers. These units are linked by C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming ribbons propagating in the [100] direction.
  18. Fulltext Transethosomal gels as carriers for the transdermal delivery of colchicine: statistical optimization, characterization, and ex vivo evaluation
    Abdulbaqi IM, Darwis Y, Assi RA, Khan NAK
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2018;12:795-813.
    PMID: 29670336 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S158018
    Introduction: Colchicine is used for the treatment of gout, pseudo-gout, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other illnesses. Its oral administration is associated with poor bioavailability and severe gastrointestinal side effects. The drug is also known to have a low therapeutic index. Thus to overcome these drawbacks, the transdermal delivery of colchicine was investigated using transethosomal gels as potential carriers.

    Methods: Colchicine-loaded transethosomes (TEs) were prepared by the cold method and statistically optimized using three sets of 24 factorial design experiments. The optimized formulations were incorporated into Carbopol 940® gel base. The prepared colchicine-loaded transethosomal gels were further characterized for vesicular size, dispersity, zeta potential, drug content, pH, viscosity, yield, rheological behavior, and ex vivo skin permeation through Sprague Dawley rats' back skin.

    Results: The results showed that the colchicine-loaded TEs had aspherical irregular shape, nanometric size range, and high entrapment efficiency. All the formulated gels exhibited non-Newtonian plastic flow without thixotropy. Colchicine-loaded transethosomal gels were able to significantly enhance the skin permeation parameters of the drug in comparison to the non-ethosomal gel.

    Conclusion: These findings suggested that the transethosomal gels are promising carriers for the transdermal delivery of colchicine, providing an alternative route for drug administration.

  19. Fulltext The Evaluation of Drug Delivery Nanocarrier Development and Pharmacological Briefing for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): An Update
    Abou Assi R, Abdulbaqi IM, Siok Yee C
    Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2021 Mar 04;14(3).
    PMID: 33806527 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030215
    Current research indicates that the next silent epidemic will be linked to chronic liver diseases, specifically non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which was renamed as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in 2020. Globally, MAFLD mortality is on the rise. The etiology of MAFLD is multifactorial and still incompletely understood, but includes the accumulation of intrahepatic lipids, alterations in energy metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory processes. The available MAFLD treatment, therefore, relies on improving the patient's lifestyle and multidisciplinary pharmacotherapeutic options, whereas the option of surgery is useless without managing the comorbidities of the MAFLD. Nanotechnology is an emerging approach addressing MAFLD, where nanoformulations are suggested to improve the safety and physicochemical properties of conventional drugs/herbal medicines, physical, chemical, and physiological stability, and liver-targeting properties. A wide variety of liver nanosystems were constructed and delivered to the liver, only those that addressed the MAFLD were discussed in this review in terms of the nanocarrier classes, particle size, shape, zeta potential and offered dissolution rate(s), the suitable preparation method(s), excipients (with synergistic effects), and the suitable drug/compound for loading. The advantages and challenges of each nanocarrier and the focus on potential promising perspectives in the production of MAFLD nanomedicine were also highlighted.
  20. ACB2015: Biotechnology and bioeconomy for sustainable future
    Abd-Aziz S, Faizal Ibrahim M
    Biotechnol J, 2016 Jun;11(6):729-31.
    PMID: 27273842 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600156
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