MyMedR

Variant formation of left common iliac vein by the confluence of four veins

Nayak SB, Vasudeva SK

Morphologie, 2021 Jun 16.

PMID: 34147368 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.05.116

Common iliac vein variations are relatively rare compared to the variations of external and internal iliac veins. A rare pattern of formation of common iliac vein by the confluence of four veins is being reported here. The left common iliac vein was formed by the union of left external iliac vein, internal iliac vein, iliolumbar vein and a common trunk formed by the obturator and vesical veins. External iliac vein and obturator veins were connected by a communicating vein. Both external and common iliac veins were respectively medial to the external and common iliac arteries. Knowledge of this variant formation of common iliac vein could be useful to radiologists, gynecologists and orthopedic surgeons.

Unusual contribution of the first jejunal vein in the formation of the portal vein

Nayak SB, Shetty SD, Packirisamy V, Vasudeva SK

Morphologie, 2021 May 05.

PMID: 33965324 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.04.003

Jejunum is drained into superior mesenteric vein through a series of jejunal veins. The way in which the first jejunal vein terminates is of great importance in upper abdominal surgery and radiological procedures. Knowledge of its variations is particularly important in surgical procedures like orthotropic hepatic transplantation, hepatic vein reconstruction, pancreatic surgery and surgical procedures of duodenojejunal junction. We saw a first jejunal vein opening directly into the portal vein. Further, the inferior mesenteric vein drained into the first jejunal vein. This case could be useful to gastroenterologists, general surgeons and radiologists.

The blanket method: a novel method of teaching peritoneal relations of female reproductive organs

Nayak S

Adv Physiol Educ, 2006 Jun;30(2):95-6.

PMID: 16709742

Student-involved demonstration approach to teach the physiology of vestibular apparatus for undergraduate medical students

Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Nayak S

Teach Learn Med, 2011 Jul-Sep;23(3):269-77.

PMID: 21745063 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2011.586930

It is quite difficult to teach complex topics like the physiology of vestibular apparatus to undergraduate students. Understanding the orientation and mode of stimulation of receptors in vestibular apparatus is also quite challenging for the students. As faculty we attempt to use innovative methods to teach physiology and enhance student learning.

Spatial memory performance of Wistar rats exposed to mobile phone

Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Mailankot M

Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2009;64(3):231-4.

PMID: 19330250

INTRODUCTION: With the tremendous increase in number of mobile phone users world wide, the possible risks of this technology have become a serious concern.

OBJECTIVE: We tested the effects of mobile phone exposure on spatial memory performance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats (10-12 weeks old) were exposed to 50 missed calls/day for 4 weeks from a GSM (900/1800 MHz) mobile phone in vibratory mode (no ring tone). After the experimental period, the animals were tested for spatial memory performance using the Morris water maze test.

RESULTS: Both phone exposed and control animals showed a significant decrease in escape time with training. Phone exposed animals had significantly (approximately 3 times) higher mean latency to reach the target quadrant and spent significantly (approximately 2 times) less time in the target quadrant than age- and sex-matched controls.

CONCLUSION: Mobile phone exposure affected the acquisition of learned responses in Wistar rats. This in turn points to the poor spatial navigation and the object place configurations of the phone-exposed animals.

Fulltext Role of Artificial Intelligence in COVID-19 Detection

Gudigar A, Raghavendra U, Nayak S, Ooi CP, Chan WY, Gangavarapu MR, et al.

Sensors (Basel), 2021 Dec 01;21(23).

PMID: 34884045 DOI: 10.3390/s21238045

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused millions of deaths and affected the livelihood of many more people. Early and rapid detection of COVID-19 is a challenging task for the medical community, but it is also crucial in stopping the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Prior substantiation of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields of science has encouraged researchers to further address this problem. Various medical imaging modalities including X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) using AI techniques have greatly helped to curb the COVID-19 outbreak by assisting with early diagnosis. We carried out a systematic review on state-of-the-art AI techniques applied with X-ray, CT, and US images to detect COVID-19. In this paper, we discuss approaches used by various authors and the significance of these research efforts, the potential challenges, and future trends related to the implementation of an AI system for disease detection during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Fulltext Multiple Loops of External and Internal Carotid Arteries Vulnerable in Surgical and Radiological Procedures

Nayak S, Kumar N

Balkan Med J, 2018 05 29;35(3):285-286.

PMID: 29843502 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.2017.1179

Microalgal remediation and valorisation of polluted wastewaters for zero-carbon circular bioeconomy

Goveas LC, Nayak S, Vinayagam R, Loke Show P, Selvaraj R

Bioresour Technol, 2022 Dec;365:128169.

PMID: 36283661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128169

Overexploitation of natural resources to meet human needs has considerably impacted CO2 emissions, contributing to global warming and severe climatic change. This review furnishes an understanding of the sources, brutality, and effects of CO2 emissions and compelling requirements for metamorphosis from a linear to a circular bioeconomy. A detailed emphasis on microalgae, its types, properties, and cultivation are explained with significance in attaining a zero-carbon circular bioeconomy. Microalgal treatment of a variety of wastewaters with the conversion of generated biomass into value-added products such as bio-energy and pharmaceuticals, along with agricultural products is elaborated. Challenges encountered in large-scale implementation of microalgal technologies for low-carbon circular bioeconomy are discussed along with solutions and future perceptions. Emphasis on the suitability of microalgae in wastewater treatment and its conversion into alternate low-carbon footprint bio-energies and value-added products enforcing a zero-carbon circular bioeconomy is the major focus of this review.

Learning and memory-enhancing effect of Bacopa monniera in neonatal rats

Vollala VR, Upadhya S, Nayak S

Bratisl Lek Listy, 2011;112(12):663-9.

PMID: 22372329

The aim of this study was to evaluate the learning and memory-enhancing effect of Bacopa monniera in neonatal rats.

Fulltext Insights into Disaster Management Scenario among Various Health-Care Students in India: A Multi-Institutional, Multi-Professional Study

Rajesh G, Binnal A, H Pai MB, Nayak SV, Shenoy R, Rao A

Indian J Community Med, 2020 06 02;45(2):220-224.

PMID: 32905107 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_104_19

Background: The frequency of occurrence of disasters is on the rise all over the world. Workforce shortage can be a major impediment toward efficient disaster management. Incorporation of other health-care workers along with conventional medical personnel might be critical for efficient and effective management of disasters.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess various aspects pertaining to disaster management among various health-care students in India.

Methods: Final-year students pursuing medicine, dentistry, nursing, physiotherapy, pharmacy, Ayurveda, and homeopathy at various institutions in Mangalore, India, were the study participants. Participants' willingness to partake in disaster management and knowledge, attitude, behavior, and perceived effectiveness pertaining to disaster management was ascertained by a questionnaire method. Their previous history of training and familiarity with standard operating procedures was assessed.

Results: A total of 437 students belonging to seven health-care institutions participated in the study. Overall, 98.40% of the participants were willing to partake in disaster management. The mean knowledge, attitude, behavior, and perceived effectiveness scores were 49.19%, 81.75%, 47.28%, and 66.20%, respectively. Step-wise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that course (β = 0.247, P < 0.001), attitude (β = 0.154,P = 0.001), and behavior (β = 0.284, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of perceived effectiveness.

Conclusions: Participants in the present study revealed that they were willing to partake in disaster management. The participants also reported poor behavior and knowledge scores but appropriate attitude scores. The present study highlights the need for curriculum changes and policy implications for effective integration of various sectors for disaster management, particularly in developing nations such as India, which have a definite scarcity of resources.

Innervation of the scrotum by the anterior division of the obturator nerve - a rare variation

Nayak SB, Vasudeva SK

Morphologie, 2021 Apr 16.

PMID: 33875370 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.03.005

The scrotum is supplied by ilioinguinal, genital branch of genitofemoral, perineal branch of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh and the posterior scrotal branches of the pudendal nerve. We report an extremely rare innervation of the anterior part of the scrotum by the anterior division of the right obturator nerve. The genital branch of genitofemoral nerve did not reach the scrotum. The ilioinguinal nerve did not supply the scrotum. The anterior division of the obturator nerve gave a branch which ascended superomedially in the thigh, crossed superficial to the spermatic cord and communicated with the right ilioinguinal nerve. As it crossed the spermatic cord, it gave a scrotal branch which descended over the spermatic cord and ramified to supply the anterior part of the scrotum. Knowledge of this variation could be important to anaesthesiologists, urologists and surgeons in general.

Ethical issues in laparoscopic hysterectomy

Hebbar S, Nayak S

Indian J Med Ethics, 2006 Jan-Mar;3(1):19-20.

PMID: 16832925

Hysterectomy is performed for a wide range of benign and malignant conditions, such as fibroids, menorrhagia and pelvic pain, and gynaecological malignancies. One in four women has a chance of undergoing hysterectomy in her lifetime. Conventionally abdominal hysterectomy is done through the open approach. However, many patients assume that the modern laparoscopic hysterectomy is superior to the standard approach. Laparoscopic surgical centres are mushrooming in major cities. This article presents ethical considerations involved in the decision-making process of choosing from the surgical options available.

Fulltext Effect of radio-frequency electromagnetic radiations (RF-EMR) on passive avoidance behaviour and hippocampal morphology in Wistar rats

Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Bhat PG, Mailankot M

Ups. J. Med. Sci., 2010 May;115(2):91-6.

PMID: 20095879 DOI: 10.3109/03009730903552661

The interaction of mobile phone radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) with the brain is a serious concern of our society.

Effect of maternal perceived stress during pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus risk: A prospective case-control study

Mishra S, Shetty A, Rao CR, Nayak S, Kamath A

Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2020 07 08;14(5):1163-1169.

PMID: 32673836 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.048

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A variety of risk factors have been reported for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). But limited review on the role of antenatal perceived stress necessitated the design of the present study to evaluate the association between GDM and perceived stress during pregnancy.

METHODS: A prospective case-control study was carried out among 100 GDM cases and 273 matched controls, attending regular antenatal clinic at two private hospitals of Karnataka. Data was collected by personal interviews using a standard questionnaire. Perceived stress was assessed using the Cohen 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. Score of ≥20 was identified as high stress. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 15 was used for analysis.

RESULTS: Exposure rates for high maternal perceived stress among cases during pregnancy were noted. The odds of GDM were 13 folds higher among those with high antenatal stress (≥20) compared to those with low (<20) (p

Fulltext Effect of environmental enrichment exposure on neuronal morphology of streptozotocin-induced diabetic and stressed rat hippocampus

Pamidi N, Nayak S

Biomed J, 2014 Jul-Aug;37(4):225-31.

PMID: 25116719 DOI: 10.4103/2319-4170.125651

BACKGROUND: Environmental enrichment (EE) exposure is known to influence the structural changes in the neuronal network of hippocampus. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of EE exposure on the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic and stressed rat hippocampus.
METHODS: Male albino rats of Wistar strain (4-5 weeks old) were grouped into normal control (NC), vehicle control (VC), diabetes (DI), diabetes + stress (DI + S), diabetes + EE (DI + E), and diabetes + stress + EE (DI + S + E) groups (n = 8 in each group). Rats were exposed to stress and EE after inducing diabetes with STZ (40 mg/kg). Rats were sacrificed on Day 30 and brain sections were processed for cresyl violet staining to quantify the number of surviving neurons in the CA1, CA3, and dentate hilus (DH) regions of hippocampus.
RESULTS: A significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the number of survived neurons was noticed in DI (CA1, 34.06 ± 3.2; CA3, 36.1 ± 3.62; DH, 9.83 ± 2.02) as well as DI + S (CA1, 14.03 ± 3.12; CA3, 20.27 ± 4.09; DH, 6.4 ± 1.21) group rats compared to NC rats (CA1, 53.64 ± 2.96; CA3, 62.1 ± 3.34; DH, 21.11 ± 1.03). A significant (p < 0.001) increase in the number of survived neurons was observed in DI + E (CA1, 42.3 ± 3.66; CA3, 46.73 ± 4.74; DH, 17.03 ± 2.19) and DI + S + E (CA1, 29.69 ± 4.47; CA3, 36.73 ± 3.89; DH, 12.23 ± 2.36) group rats compared to DI and DI + S groups, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: EE exposure significantly reduced the amount of neuronal damage caused by complications of diabetes and stress to the neurons of hippocampus.

Effect of ascorbic acid on the monosodium glutamate-induced neurobehavioral changes in periadolescent rats

Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Paval J, Nayak S

Bratisl Lek Listy, 2010;111(5):247-52.

PMID: 20568412

In the current study we evaluated adverse effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on memory formation and its retrieval as well as the role of ascorbic acid (Vitamin-C) in prevention of MSG-induced alteration of neurobehavioral performance in periadolescent rats.

Fulltext Cystogastrocolic fold and associated atrophy of the gallbladder

Pamidi N, Nayak S, Vollala VR

Singapore Med J, 2008 Sep;49(9):e250-1.

PMID: 18830532

Peritoneal anomalies are common in humans. We report the presence of a cystogastrocolic fold associated with an abnormally small gallbladder in a 50-year-old male cadaver. Presence of this fold is one of the clinically important anomalies, which can result in atrophy of the gallbladder or congenital obstruction of the duodenum.

Complete enclosure of gall bladder inside the lesser omentum - a rare anomaly

Nayak SB, Shetty SD, Vasudeva SK

Morphologie, 2021 Jun 16.

PMID: 34147369 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.06.001

Gall bladder is known for many congenital anomalies such as duplication, intrahepatic position, floating position etc. Most of its anomalies can be detected in ultrasound examination and radiography. We report an extremely rare congenital anomaly of gall bladder as observed in a male cadaver during dissection classes. The gall bladder was totally enclosed in the right free margin of the lesser omentum, in front of the usual contents of the right free margin of lesser omentum. The size, shape and blood supply of the gall bladder were normal. Though this anomaly might not cause any functional disturbances, it might result in complications during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Common celiaco-mesenterico-phrenic trunk and renal vascular variations

Nayak S

Saudi Med J, 2006 Dec;27(12):1894-6.

PMID: 17143371

The knowledge of vascular variations like other anatomical variations, is important during the operative, diagnostic, and endovascular procedures in abdomen. This report describes multiple variations in the upper abdominal vessels as found during the routine dissection in a 60-year-old male cadaver. The variations found were; presence of a celiaco-mesenterico-phrenic trunk, a common inferior phrenic trunk, 2 right renal arteries originating from abdominal aorta, 2 suprarenal arteries originating from the lower right renal artery, 3 right renal veins opening separately into inferior vena cava, and termination of right testicular vein into the lowest vein among the 3 right renal veins. The existence of a celiaco-mesenterico-phrenic trunk has not been reported yet. Although, other variations reported in this case exist as individual variations, a concomitant variation of them has not been reported yet. The knowledge of such variations is quite useful in planning any upper abdominal surgery.

Automated detection of premature delivery using empirical mode and wavelet packet decomposition techniques with uterine electromyogram signals

Acharya UR, Sudarshan VK, Rong SQ, Tan Z, Lim CM, Koh JE, et al.

Comput Biol Med, 2017 06 01;85:33-42.

PMID: 28433870 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.04.013

An accurate detection of preterm labor and the risk of preterm delivery before 37 weeks of gestational age is crucial to increase the chance of survival rate for both mother and the infant. Thus, the uterine contractions measured using uterine electromyogram (EMG) or electro hysterogram (EHG) need to have high sensitivity in the detection of true preterm labor signs. However, visual observation and manual interpretation of EHG signals at the time of emergency situation may lead to errors. Therefore, the employment of computer-based approaches can assist in fast and accurate detection during the emergency situation. This work proposes a novel algorithm using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) combined with wavelet packet decomposition (WPD), for automated prediction of pregnant women going to have premature delivery by using uterine EMG signals. The EMD is performed up to 11 levels on the normal and preterm EHG signals to obtain the different intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). These IMFs are further subjected to 6 levels of WPD and from the obtained coefficients, eight different features are extracted. From these extracted features, only the significant features are selected using particle swarm optimization (PSO) method and selected features are ranked by Bhattacharyya technique. All the ranked features are fed to support vector machine (SVM) classifier for automated differentiation and achieved an accuracy of 96.25%, sensitivity of 95.08%, and specificity of 97.33% using only ten EHG signal features. Our proposed algorithm can be used in gynecology departments of hospitals to predict the preterm or normal delivery of pregnant women.

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