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Pneumatic jigging: Influence of operating parameters on separation efficiency of solid waste materials

Abd Aziz MA, Md Isa K, Ab Rashid R

Waste Manag Res, 2017 Jun;35(6):647-655.
PMID: 28431479 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X17697815

This article aims to provide insights into the factors that contribute to the separation efficiency of solid particles. In this study, a pneumatic jigging technique was used to assess the separation of solid waste materials that consisted of copper, glass and rubber insulator. Several initial experiments were carried out to evaluate the strengths and limitations of the technique. It is found that despite some limitations of the technique, all the samples prepared for the experiments were successfully separated. The follow-up experiments were then carried out to further assess the separation of copper wire and rubber insulator. The effects of air flow and pulse rates on the separation process were examined. The data for these follow-up experiments were analysed using a sink float analysis technique. The analysis shows that the air flow rate was very important in determining the separation efficiency. However, the separation efficiency may be influenced by the type of materials used.
Fulltext Do Science and Social Science Differ? Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) of the Willingness to Continue Online Learning

Ngah AH, Kamalrulzaman NI, Mohamad MFH, Abdul Rashid R, Harun NO, Ariffin NA, et al.

Qual Quant, 2022 Aug 10.
PMID: 35971418 DOI: 10.1007/s11135-022-01465-y

Without proper preparation by higher institutions, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the world to rely on online learning. Even students of social science and science are looking for different knowledge and skills. Currently, both groups rely on the same method to gather knowledge for future undertakings. Given the uncertainty regarding the resolution of COVID-19, which has driven students to continue using online learning, the current study aims to identify the factors of willingness to continue online learning among social science and pure science students by extending the use of expectation-confirmation theory. Applying a purposive sampling method, 2,215 questionnaires were collected among undergraduate students from Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) using an online survey. Current study found that expectation and confirmation positively affect satisfaction. Attitude, satisfaction and readiness were found to have a positive relationship with willingness to continue online learning. Meanwhile, self-efficacy was found unsupported hypothesis for the direct effect. For multigroup analysis, readiness was found to have a significant difference between students of social science and pure science. The findings of this research enrich the literature about online learning, especially in the COVID-19 setting. Moreover, this work is useful for higher education institutions seeking to design a better strategy that allows students to return to campus.
Fulltext Jordanian English language educators' perceived readiness for virtual learning environment

Madanat H, Ab Rashid R, Hashmi UM, Alqaryouti MH, Mohamed M, Al Smadi OA

Heliyon, 2024 Feb 29;10(4):e25766.
PMID: 38370217 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25766

Online engagement has assumed a pivotal role within educational pedagogy, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study delves into the perceptions of Jordanian English language educators regarding their preparedness for online teaching in the post-pandemic landscape. In this quantitative study, a group of 101 English language educators from Jordanian universities participated, and their responses were subjected to analysis through descriptive statistics. The findings of this analysis indicate that the respondents exhibited a moderate level of familiarity with technology and e-learning platforms, alongside a similarly moderate level of competence in managing their online courses. Furthermore, the study underscores a noteworthy gap in their exposure to online education, despite their considerable tenure in teaching English. Consequently, the study underscores the necessity for tailored training programs designed to comprehensively enhance the online teaching proficiency of English language educators, thereby facilitating a more effective virtual learning environment.
The role of facilities management in fighting COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from Malaysian public hospitals

Mehmood W, Fareed M, Mohd-Rashid R, Ashraf MU, Aman-Ullah A

Front Psychol, 2022;13:1045972.
PMID: 36733870 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1045972

The aim of this study is to provide a holistic review of the fight against COVID-19 in developing countries, particularly Malaysia. Specifically, the study aims to determine how facilities management delivery in public hospitals can be improved to ensure readiness in handling COVID-19 cases. We conducted a review of the literature and reliable media updates on COVID-19 and services management. A critical synthesis of COVID-19 information was conducted to scrutinise the technical aspects and highlight how facilities management can be improved to ensure hospital readiness in managing COVID-19 cases. The data and information used in the present study were collected up to the time of writing this paper, which leaves a room for further studies. Nonetheless, this study's recommendations are useful for understanding the present and future pandemics. This study is a first attempt to summarise the data on facilities management in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Malaysian context. The study's findings are suitable for the developing countries in managing healthcare management practices in the fight against COVID-19. This study aims to highlight current issues in order to provide a more objective assessment of facilities management to ensure hospital readiness in handling COVID-19 cases.
Environmental pollution and sustainability of IPO performance: evidence from the Pakistani Market

Mehmood W, Alsmady AA, Amin S, Mohd-Rashid R, Aman-Ullah A

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Mar;30(11):30073-30086.
PMID: 36427127 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23985-8

This study examined the effect of air pollution on the initial return of IPOs in Pakistan. Cross-sectional data were used to examine 102 listed IPOs on Pakistan Stock Exchange between 1996 and 2019. Ordinary least squares and quantile least squares were employed to examine the influence of air pollution on IPO initial returns. Lastly, stepwise regression was utilised for additional analysis. According to the findings, in the presence of high air pollution, IPO initial returns also increase due to higher uncertainty. The findings demonstrate that air pollution intensifies a company's information environment and financial uncertainty. Therefore, addressing environmental challenges is critical for both public health and capital formation. This study's findings will increase companies' awareness of the economic effect of air pollution, particularly in a country where air pollution is strictly regulated. This study provides businesses with an economic reason to reduce their pollution levels, and it can also help regulators pass environmental laws that are aimed at addressing this issue.
Gene therapy: An updated overview on the promising success stories

Rashid RA, Ankathil R

Malays J Pathol, 2020 Aug;42(2):171-185.
PMID: 32860369

Gene therapy is a method of treatment of disease aimed at its molecular level. The progress of gene therapy, however, was as promising as it was tardy mainly due to the limitations in the resources and financial part of its development as well as owing to the rarity of most diseases it can offer its benefits to. The methods of gene therapy can vary depending on factors such as the physiology of tissue of interest, affinity of vectors to a certain type of cells, depth and accessibility of the tissue of interest, and size of the gene to be replaced or edited. The concept behind gene therapy has inspired scientists and clinicians alike leading to a rapid expansion of its clinical utility that has become so widespread to not only include diseases of monogenic origin, but also polygenic diseases, albeit not so commonly. This article delves into notable success stories of gene therapy which has been regarded as the beacon of medical novelty expected to blossom in the near future to provide a holistic, targeted, precise, and individualistic personalised-medicine as well as laying out the future hopes of gene therapy in the treatment of debilitating diseases such as solid tumours, AIDS, Tuberculosis, Diabetes Mellitus, psychiatric illnesses, which are still at a standstill, from a gene therapy point of view.
The effect of disease activity on fat-free mass and resting energy expenditure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis versus noninflammatory arthropathies/soft tissue rheumatism

Arshad A, Rashid R, Benjamin K

Mod Rheumatol, 2007;17(6):470-5.
PMID: 18084698 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-007-0628-1

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic joint disease of undetermined cause that is associated with significant disability. Low-grade fever, anemia, and weight loss are recognized extra-articular features associated with increased disease activity. Weight loss and cachexia are well-established features of RA. The mechanism behind weight loss in RA is not known and may be multifactorial. Reduced energy intake and hypermetabolism are the major two factors frequently implicated in the etiology of RA cachexia. One would expect the effect of the above two factors to be highest during increased disease activity and lowest during remission. The purpose of this study was: (a) to establish whether in RA patients changes in body composition mirror changes in disease activity, (b) to investigate the relation between the energy expenditures and weight loss, (c) to examine the dietary energy intake and its role in weight loss in RA patients, and (d) to investigate the relation between the cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and other variables including resting energy expenditure (REE), body composition, and acute phase reactants. Fourteen patients with RA were age-, sex-, and race-matched with 14 controls from patients with noninflammatory diseases/soft tissue rheumatism. The measurements included the following: disease activity assessment, anthropometric measurements, indirect calorimetry, and measurements of dietary intake. Blood was collected to measure the acute-phase reactants and IL-6 levels. We demonstrated that loss of fat-free mass (FFM) might accelerate during times of increased disease activity and is only partially restored during periods of reduced disease activity. This probably means that the extent of cachexia in RA patients is determined by the frequency and intensity of disease activity (flare) for a given disease duration. Hypermetabolism with increased REE was more evident during increased disease activity. Hypermetabolism in the face of increased energy intake continued to cause loss of the FFM. Interleukin-6 correlates with increased REE and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. There was no direct association between IL-6 level and low FFM. We conclude that loss of FFM is common in RA, cytokine production in RA is associated with altered energy metabolism, and preservation of FFM is important in maintaining good quality of life in patients with RA.
Study site: Rheumatology clinic, Putra Specialist Centre, Kedah
Fulltext Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level

Global Retinoblastoma Study Group, Fabian ID, Abdallah E, Abdullahi SU, Abdulqader RA, Adamou Boubacar S, et al.

JAMA Oncol, 2020 May 01;6(5):685-695.
PMID: 32105305 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6716

IMPORTANCE: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale.
OBJECTIVES: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis.
RESULTS: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs.
A survey of the primary care management of osteoarthritis in Malaysia: A view from a rheumatologist's perspective

Arshad A, Rashid R, Das Gupta E

Int J Rheum Dis, 2008;11(3):246-250.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2008.00367.x

Objective: Primary care management of knee osteoarthritis (OA) has received little attention in the scientific literature and the main reason for this survey is to study and explore the variations and patterns of primary care management and assess both conventional and complementary therapy usage in knee OA in the primary care setting.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 200 randomly selected general practitioners (GPs) in the peninsular states of Malaysia was undertaken using a questionnaire. The GPs involved were asked about basic knowledge of OA in terms of diagnosis, investigation, and treatment. They were also asked about their usage of conventional and complementary medication.
Results: One hundred and eighty (90%) GPs responded to the questionnaires sent: 77% were in solo practice and 33% in group practice. Most of the GPs surveyed (60%) had been in practice for more than 10 years, 30% for 5-10 years and 10% were in practice for less than 5 years. Of GPs surveyed, 55% saw an average of more than 20 patients per week, 35% about 10-20 patients and 10% less than 10 patients per week. Of GPs surveyed, 65% would arrange an X-ray, 55% would arrange a blood test, mostly serum uric acid, rheumatoid factor and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Pharmacological management consists of first-line treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (61%), analgesics (35%) or a combination of the two (4%). Non-pharmacological management consisted of advice on exercise (27%), weight reduction (33%) and referral to physiotherapy (10%). Of GPs surveyed, 85% prescribed some form of complementary medications, 60% prescribed glucosamine sulphate, 21% chondroitin sulphate, 11% cod liver oil and 9% evening primrose oil. Only 10% of GPs surveyed perform intra-articular injections.
Conclusion: The data suggest that in the primary care setting, the majority of GPs over-investigate the diagnosis of OA. Pharmacological interventions largely concentrate on analgesics and NSAIDs. The use of physiotheraphy and non-drug approaches were significantly under-utilized. There is a need to further educate GPs in the management of OA.
The risk and associated factors of methamphetamine psychosis in methamphetamine-dependent patients in Malaysia

Sulaiman AH, Said MA, Habil MH, Rashid R, Siddiq A, Guan NC, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S89-94.
PMID: 23433219 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.01.003

The objective of this study was to determine the risk of lifetime and current methamphetamine-induced psychosis in patients with methamphetamine dependence. The association between psychiatric co-morbidity and methamphetamine-induced psychosis was also studied.
Vulvar malignant melanoma: A case report and review of its management

Hashim M, Yayanto NH, Muda Abdullah BZ, Ramly F, Abd Rashid R, Duski DR

Dermatol Reports, 2022 Nov 21;14(4):9345.
PMID: 36483218 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2022.9345

Vulvar malignant melanoma (VMM) is uncommon and poses a significant management challenge. Here, we presented a case of VMM managed by surgery, chemoradiation, and planned for targeted therapy. A 70- year-old woman with underlying diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented with a black-colored exophytic growth around her left vulva for two months. Initial biopsy confirmed malignant melanoma with positive staining for S100, HMB 45, and Melan A. An imaging study showed that the disease was localized to the vulva. She underwent bilateral radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinofemoral lymph node dissection followed by radiotherapy. She had a locoregional disease recurrence, which was subsequently managed by palliative perineal radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and planned for immunotherapy. Vulvar malignant melanoma is a rare and aggressive tumor, with a poor overall prognosis, and high recurrence rate. Adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy may be beneficial for local recurrence and distant metastasis cases. Molecular Analysis has a potential role in targeted therapy to improve the survival and outcome of the patient.
Achieving a Spiritual Therapy Standard for Drug Dependency in Malaysia, from an Islamic Perspective: Brief Review Article

Seghatoleslam T, Habil H, Hatim A, Rashid R, Ardakan A, Esmaeili Motlaq F

Iran J Public Health, 2015 Jan;44(1):22-7.
PMID: 26060772

Religion is one of the protective factors that facilities positive outcomes by preventing individuals from engaging in addictive substance. A recent study has confirmed that religion inhibits drug addiction. The concept of psychospiritual therapy was to introduce drug addiction. Therefore, of the various methods of psychotherapy, the usage of Taqwa (piety) emerged as an applicable method of Islamic spiritual therapy. This study was conducted in Malaysia as a Muslim country and focuses on Islamic recommendations and its relation to spiritual therapy.
Fulltext Anxiety and Depression among Amphetamine-Type Stimulant Users: The Association with Religiosity and Religious Coping

Tan CH, Abd Rashid R, Guan NC

Malays J Med Sci, 2020 Jul;27(4):51-63.
PMID: 32863745 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.4.5

BACKGROUND: Amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) use brings severe adverse effects to the mental well-being of an individual and it is an essential contributor to the global disease burden. Meanwhile, religiosity and religious coping might improve one's conduct, physical and mental well-being. Hence, this study aims to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression in ATS user and their association with religiosity and religious coping.
METHODS: It is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Psychological Medicine, Universiti Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depression among ATS users. Religiosity and religious coping were measured with Duke University Religious Index and Brief RCOPE.
RESULTS: This study involved 215 ATS users. Almost half of the ATS users had either anxiety (n = 96; 44.6%) or depression (n = 108; 50.2%), which were associated with polysubstance use or having an existing psychiatric disorder. Subjects with higher religiosity and positive religious coping were less anxious or depressed. However, negative religious coping was significantly associated with anxiety and depression in ATS users.
CONCLUSION: Anxiety and depression are prevalent in ATS users. Integrating religiosity and religious coping into the ATS users' treatment plan helps to improve their mental well-being.
Treating heroin addiction: bridging the past and future--a Malaysian experience

Robson N, Rashid R, Nazar M, Habil H

Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2015 Mar;7(1):121-5.
PMID: 23857876 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-5872.2012.00194.x
Neuroelectrophysiological approaches in heroin addiction research: A review of literatures

Motlagh F, Ibrahim F, Menke JM, Rashid R, Seghatoleslam T, Habil H

J Neurosci Res, 2016 Apr;94(4):297-309.
PMID: 26748947 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23703

Neuroelectrophysiological properties have been used in human heroin addiction studies. These studies vary in their approach, experimental conditions, paradigms, and outcomes. However, it is essential to integrate previous findings and experimental methods for a better demonstration of current issues and challenges in designing such studies. This Review examines methodologies and experimental conditions of neuroelectrophysiological research among heroin addicts during withdrawal, abstinence, and methadone maintenance treatment and presents the findings. The results show decrements in attentional processing and dysfunctions in brain response inhibition as well as brain activity abnormalities induced by chronic heroin abuse. Chronic heroin addiction causes increased β and α2 power activity, latency of P300 and P600, and diminished P300 and P600 amplitude. Findings confirm that electroencephalography (EEG) band power and coherence are associated with craving indices and heroin abuse history. First symptoms of withdrawal can be seen in high-frequency EEG bands, and the severity of these symptoms is associated with brain functional connectivity. EEG spectral changes and event-related potential (ERP) properties have been shown to be associated with abstinence length and tend to normalize within 3-6 months of abstinence. From the conflicting criteria and confounding effects in neuroelectrophysiological studies, the authors suggest a comprehensive longitudinal study with a multimethod approach for monitoring EEG and ERP attributes of heroin addicts from early stages of withdrawal until long-term abstinence to control the confounding effects, such as nicotine abuse and other comorbid and premorbid conditions.
Investigation of brain electrophysiological properties among heroin addicts: Quantitative EEG and event-related potentials

Motlagh F, Ibrahim F, Rashid R, Seghatoleslam T, Habil H

J Neurosci Res, 2017 08;95(8):1633-1646.
PMID: 27862172 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23988

This study aims to introduce a new approach of a comprehensive paradigm to evaluate brain electrophysiological properties among addicts. Electroencephalographic spectral power as well as amplitudes and latencies of mismatch negativity (MMN), P300, and P600 components were evaluated among 19 male heroin addicts and 19 healthy nonsmoker subjects using a paradigm consisting of three subparadigms, namely (1) digit span Wechsler test, (2) auditory oddball, and (3) visual cue-reactivity oddball paradigms. Task 1 provided auditory P300 and P600 in association with working memory. Task 2 provided auditory P300 as well as small and large deviant MMN event-related potential (ERPs). Finally, task 3 provided visual cue-reactivity P300. Results show that beta power was higher among heroin addicts while delta, theta, and alpha powers were decreased compared with healthy subjects. ERP analysis confirmed the decline of brain-evoked potential amplitudes when compared with healthy subjects, thus indicating a broad neurobiological vulnerability of preattentive and attentional processing including attentional deficits and compromise of discrimination abilities. The prolonged latency of ERPs reflects poor cognitive capacity in the engagement of attention and memory resources. On the other hand, an increase of attention towards the heroin-related stimuli could be concluded from the increase of P300 in the cue-reactivity condition among heroin addicts. Findings suggest that applying this paradigm in addiction studies benefits comprehensive evaluation of neuroelectrophysiological activity among addicts, which can promote a better understanding of drugs' effects on the brain as well as define new neuroelectrophysiological characteristics of addiction properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute effects of methadone on EEG power spectrum and event-related potentials among heroin dependents

Motlagh F, Ibrahim F, Rashid R, Shafiabady N, Seghatoleslam T, Habil H

Psychopharmacology (Berl), 2018 Nov;235(11):3273-3288.
PMID: 30310960 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5035-0

Methadone as the most prevalent opioid substitution medication has been shown to influence the neurophysiological functions among heroin addicts. However, there is no firm conclusion on acute neuroelectrophysiological changes among methadone-treated subjects as well as the effectiveness of methadone in restoring brain electrical abnormalities among heroin addicts. This study aims to investigate the acute and short-term effects of methadone administration on the brain's electrophysiological properties before and after daily methadone intake over 10 weeks of treatment among heroin addicts. EEG spectral analysis and single-trial event-related potential (ERP) measurements were used to investigate possible alterations in the brain's electrical activities, as well as the cognitive attributes associated with MMN and P3. The results confirmed abnormal brain activities predominantly in the beta band and diminished information processing ability including lower amplitude and prolonged latency of cognitive responses among heroin addicts compared to healthy controls. In addition, the alteration of EEG activities in the frontal and central regions was found to be associated with the withdrawal symptoms of drug users. Certain brain regions were found to be influenced significantly by methadone intake; acute effects of methadone induction appeared to be associative to its dosage. The findings suggest that methadone administration affects cognitive performance and activates the cortical neuronal networks, resulting in cognitive responses enhancement which may be influential in reorganizing cognitive dysfunctions among heroin addicts. This study also supports the notion that the brain's oscillation powers and ERPs can be utilized as neurophysiological indices for assessing the addiction treatment traits.
Fulltext Validation of a simple extraction procedure for bisphenol A identification from human plasma

Wiraagni IA, Mohd MA, Bin Abd Rashid R, Haron DEBM

PLoS One, 2019;14(10):e0221774.
PMID: 31581189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221774

The general population is exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) orally, parenterally, transdermally, and environmentally as a result of the use of BPA in food packaging, plastics, and personal care products. The majority of the population nowadays (91-99%) has detectable levels of BPA inside their body. In this study, we successfully performed an inexpensive, rapid, and simple protein precipitation procedure for extraction of BPA from human plasma, followed by analysis by LC-MS/MS. This method was specifically developed for handling large numbers of samples with minimum cost and volume of sample. The developed method was accurate, precise, and reproducible for quantification of BPA from human plasma samples in the concentration range of 10-2000 ng/mL. The method was performed on samples from 150 healthy volunteers who were enrolled in the study. The mean of observed BPA level was 2.22 ± 9.91 ng/mL. Higher BPA levels were observed for females compare to that of males (p-value = 0.002), the BPA levels were higher in participants 33 years of age and older compared to those less than 33 years of age (p-value = 0.000), then the BPA levels higher in subjects with tap water as source of drinking (p-value = 0.005). This method may be valuable for general risk assessment of BPA for a large and varied population because of its efficiency and economical aspects.
Fulltext Toe-tourniquet syndrome: A rare potentially devastating entity

Baloch N, Atif M, Rashid RH, Hashmi PM

Malays Orthop J, 2015 Nov;9(3):55-57.
PMID: 28611912 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1511.008

Toe-tourniquet syndrome is a rare and commonly misdiagnosed condition caused by a hair or a fiber wrapped around digits (fingers and toes). A four months baby girl who was crying and presented with redness and swelling at her 2nd and 3rd toes of right foot. Child had red and swollen 2nd and 3rd toes of right foot with hair end protruding through wounds. Constricting hairs were cut and removed. Toetourniquet syndrome is a rare entity which is caused by hair wrapped around a toe or a digit. Diagnosis is mostly clinical. In order to prevent this condition to happen, education of parents and clinicians is a cornerstone.
Construct Validity of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) in Patients with Drug Addiction and Diabetes, and Normal Population

Ardakani A, Seghatoleslam T, Habil H, Jameei F, Rashid R, Zahirodin A, et al.

Iran J Public Health, 2016 Apr;45(4):451-9.
PMID: 27252914

Given that validity is the baseline of psychological assessments, there is a need to provide evidence-based data for construct validity of such scales to advance the clinicians for evaluating psychiatric morbidity in psychiatric and psychosomatic setting.

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