Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 44 in total

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  1. Unraveling the Role of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and Its Ligands in Myasthenia Gravis
    Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Piperi C
    ACS Chem Neurosci, 2020 03 04;11(5):663-673.
    PMID: 32017530 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00678
    Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune T cell-dependent B cell-mediated disorder of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) characterized by fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness, most commonly attributed to pathogenic autoantibodies against postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). Although MG pathogenesis is well-documented, there are no objective biomarkers that could effectively correlate with disease severity or MG clinical subtypes, and current treatment approaches are often ineffective. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand cell-bound receptor highly implicated in proinflammatory responses and autoimmunity. Preclinical evidence demonstrates that RAGE and its ligand S100B are upregulated in rat models of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). S100B-mediated RAGE activation has been shown to exacerbate EAMG, by enhancing T cell proinflammatory responses, aggravating T helper (Th) subset imbalance, increasing AChR-specific T cell proliferative capacity, and promoting the production of antibodies against AChRs from the spleen. Soluble sRAGE and esRAGE, acting as decoys of RAGE ligands, are found to be significantly reduced in MG patients. Moreover, MG has been associated with increased serum levels of S100A12, S100B and HMGB1. Several studies have shown that the presence of thymic abnormalities, the onset age of MG, and the duration of the disease may affect the levels of these proteins in MG patients. Herein, we discuss the emerging role of RAGE and its ligands in MG immunopathogenesis, their clinical significance as promising biomarkers, as well as the potential therapeutic implications of targeting RAGE signaling in MG treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm
  2. Fulltext Invasion and Metastasis Suppression by Anti-Neonatal Nav1.5 Antibodies in Breast Cancer
    Sharudin NA, Murtadha Noor Din AH, Azahar II, Mohd Azlan M, Yaacob NS, Sarmiento ME, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2022 Sep 01;23(9):2953-2964.
    PMID: 36172657 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.9.2953
    BACKGROUND: Detectable neonatal Nav1.5 (nNav1.5) expression in tumour breast tissue positive for lymph node metastasis and triple-negative subtype serves as a valid tumour-associated antigen to target and prevent breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Therapeutic antibodies against tumour antigens have become the predominant class of new drugs in cancer therapy because of their fewer adverse effects and high specificity.

    OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic and anti-metastatic potential of the two newly obtained anti-nNav1.5 antibodies, polyclonal anti-nNav1.5 (pAb-nNav1.5) and monoclonal anti-nNav1.5 (mAb-nNav1.5), on breast cancer invasion and metastasis.

    METHODS: MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells were used as in vitro models to study the effect of pAb-nNav1.5 (59.2 µg/ml) and mAb-nNav1.5 (10 µg/ml) (24 hours treatment) on cell invasion. 4T1-induced mammary tumours in BALB/c female mice were used as an in vivo model to study the effect of a single dose of intravenous pAb-nNav1.5 (1 mg/ml) and mAb-nNav1.5 (1 mg/ml) on the occurrence of metastasis. Real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining were conducted to assess the effect of antibody treatment on nNav1.5 mRNA and protein expression, respectively. The animals' body weight, organs, lesions, and tumour mass were also measured and compared.

    RESULTS: pAb-nNav1.5 and mAb-nNav1.5 treatments effectively suppressed the invasion of MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells in the 3D spheroid invasion assay. Both antibodies significantly reduced nNav1.5 gene and protein expression in these cell lines. Treatment with pAb-nNav1.5 and mAb-nNav1.5 successfully reduced mammary tumour tissue size and mass and prevented lesions in vital organs of the mammary tumour animal model whilst maintaining the animal's healthy weight. mRNA expression of nNav1.5 in mammary tumour tissues was only reduced by mAb-nNav1.5.

    CONCLUSION: Overall, this work verifies the uniqueness of targeting nNav1.5 in breast cancer invasion and metastasis prevention, but more importantly, humanised versions of mAb-nNav1.5 may be valuable passive immunotherapeutic agents to target nNav1.5 in breast cancer.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm*
  3. Fulltext Squamous Cell Carcinoma Biomarker Sensing on a Strontium Oxide-Modified Interdigitated Electrode Surface for the Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer
    Wang H, Lakshmipriya T, Chen Y, Gopinath SCB
    Biomed Res Int, 2019;2019:2807123.
    PMID: 31080815 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2807123
    Cervical cancer is a life-threatening complication, appearing as the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lining of the cervix. Every year, increasing numbers of cervical cancer cases are reported worldwide. Different identification strategies were proposed to detect cervical cancer at the earlier stages using various biomarkers. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) is one of the potential biomarkers for this diagnosis. Nanomaterial-based detection systems were shown to be efficient with different clinical biomarkers. In this study, we have demonstrated strontium oxide-modified interdigitated electrode (IDE) fabrication by the sol-gel method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and high-power microscopy. Analysis of the bare devices indicated the reproducibility with the fabrication, and further pH scouting on the device revealed that the reliability of the working pH ranges from 3 to 9. The sensing surface was tested to detect SCC-Ag against its specific antibody; the detection limit was found to be 10 pM, and the sensitivity was in the range between 1 and 10 pM as calculated by 3σ. The specificity experiment was carried out using major proteins from human serum, such as albumin and globulin. SCC-Ag was shown to be selectively detected on the strontium oxide-modified IDE surface.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm/administration & dosage*; Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
  4. PNMA2 mediates heterodimeric interactions and antagonizes chemo-sensitizing activities mediated by members of PNMA family
    Lee YH, Pang SW, Tan KO
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2016 Apr 22;473(1):224-229.
    PMID: 27003254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.083
    PNMA2, a member of the Paraneoplastic Ma Family (PNMA), was identified through expression cloning by using anti-sera from patients with paraneoplastic disorder. Tissue expression studies showed that PNMA2 was predominantly expressed in normal human brain; however, the protein was shown to exhibit abnormal expression profile as it was found to be expressed in a number of tumour tissues obtained from paraneopalstic patients. The abnormal expression profile of PNMA2 suggests that it might play an important role in tumorigenesis; however, apart from protein expression and immunological studies, the physiological role of PNMA2 remains unclear. In order to determine potential role of PNMA2 in tumorigenesis, and its functional relationship with PNMA family members, MOAP-1 (PNMA4) and PNMA1, expression constructs encoding the respective proteins were generated for both in vitro and in vivo studies. Our investigations showed that over-expressed MOAP-1 and PNMA1 promoted apoptosis and chemo-sensitization in MCF-7 cells as evidenced by condensed nuclei and Annexin-V positive MCF-7 cells; however, the effects mediated by these proteins were significantly inhibited or abolished when co-expressed with PNMA2 in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation study showed that PNMA1 and MOAP-1 failed to associate with each other but readily formed respective heterodimer with PNMA2, suggesting that PNMA2 functions as antagonist of MOAP-1 and PNMA1 through heterodimeric interaction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism*
  5. Fulltext Revisiting the Roles of Pro-Metastatic EpCAM in Cancer
    Mohtar MA, Syafruddin SE, Nasir SN, Low TY
    Biomolecules, 2020 02 07;10(2).
    PMID: 32046162 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020255
    Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a cell surface protein that was discovered as a tumour marker of epithelial origins nearly four decades ago. EpCAM is expressed at basal levels in the basolateral membrane of normal epithelial cells. However, EpCAM expression is upregulated in solid epithelial cancers and stem cells. EpCAM can also be found in disseminated tumour cells and circulating tumour cells. Various OMICs studies have demonstrated that EpCAM plays roles in several key biological processes such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, EpCAM can be detected in the bodily fluid of cancer patients suggesting that EpCAM is a pathophysiologically relevant anti-tumour target as well as being utilized as a diagnostic/prognostic agent for a variety of cancers. This review will focus on the structure-features of EpCAM protein and discuss recent evidence on the pathological and physiological roles of EpCAM in modulating cell adhesion and signalling pathways in cancers as well as deliberating the clinical implication of EpCAM as a therapeutic target.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
  6. Diagnosing ovarian cancer by identifying SCC-antigen on a multiwalled carbon nanotube-modified dielectrode sensor
    Liang T, Qu Q, Chang Y, Gopinath SCB, Liu XT
    Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2019 Nov;66(6):939-944.
    PMID: 31468573 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1808
    Ovarian cancer starts in the ovaries in its earlier stages and then spreads to the pelvis, uterus, and abdominal region. The success of an ovarian cancer treatment depends on the stage of the cancer and the diagnostic system. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) is one of the most efficient cancer biomarkers, and elevated levels of SCC-Ag in ovarian cancer cells have been used to identify ovarian cancer. Carbon is a potential material for biosensing applications due to its thermal, electrical, and physical properties. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are carbon-based materials that can be used here to detect SCC-Ag. Anti-SCC-Ag antibody was immobilized on the amine-modified MWCNT dielectric sensing surface to detect SCC-Ag. The uniformity of the surface structure was measured with a 3D nanoprofiler, and the results confirmed the detection of SCC-Ag at ∼80 pM. The specific detection of SCC-Ag was confirmed with two control proteins (factor IX and human serum albumin), and the system did not show biofouling. This experimental set-up with MWCNTs a dielectric sensing surface can lead to the detection of ovarian cancer in its initial stages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm
  7. Counterpoint. Cancer vaccines: single-epitope anti-idiotype vaccine versus multiple-epitope antigen vaccine
    Bhattachary-Chatterjee M, Nath Baral R, Chatterjee SK, Das R, Zeytin H, Chakraborty M, et al.
    Cancer Immunol Immunother, 2000 Jun;49(3):133-41.
    PMID: 10881692
    Anti-idiotype (Id) vaccine therapy has been tested and shown to be effective, in several animal models, for triggering the immune system to induce specific and protective immunity against bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. The administration of anti-Id antibodies as surrogate tumor-associated antigens (TAA) also represents another potential application of the concept of the Id network. Limited experience in human trials using anti-Id to stimulate immunity against tumors has shown promising results. In this "counter-point" article, we discuss our own findings showing the potential of anti-Id antibody vaccines to be novel therapeutic approaches to various human cancers and also discuss where anti-Id vaccines may perform better than traditional multiple-epitope antigen vaccines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology*
  8. Over-expression of MAGED4B increases cell migration and growth in oral squamous cell carcinoma and is associated with poor disease outcome
    Chong CE, Lim KP, Gan CP, Marsh CA, Zain RB, Abraham MT, et al.
    Cancer Lett, 2012 Aug 1;321(1):18-26.
    PMID: 22459352 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.03.025
    MAGE proteins have been shown to be good targets for cancer immunotherapy. We demonstrate that MAGED4B is over-expressed in more than 50% of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and the expression of MAGED4B is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor disease specific survival. OSCC cell lines that over-express MAGED4B promote migration in vitro, exhibit an increase in cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, and are more resistant to apoptosis compared to control cells. Our data suggest that MAGED4B over-expression is a driver in oral carcinogenesis and argues strongly that this protein may represent a potential therapeutic target in OSCC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm
  9. Fulltext PI3K/Akt activity has variable cell-specific effects on expression of HIF target genes, CA9 and VEGF, in human cancer cell lines
    Shafee N, Kaluz S, Ru N, Stanbridge EJ
    Cancer Lett, 2009 Sep 8;282(1):109-15.
    PMID: 19342157 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.03.004
    The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K) pathway regulates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activity. Higher expression of HIF-1alpha and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a hypoxia-inducible gene, in HT10806TG fibrosarcoma cells (mutant N-ras allele), compared to derivative MCH603 cells (deleted mutant N-ras allele), correlated with increased PI3K activity. Constitutive activation of the PI3K pathway in MCH603/PI3K(act) cells increased HIF-1alpha but, surprisingly, decreased CAIX levels. The cell-type specific inhibitory effect on CAIX was confirmed at the transcriptional level whereas epigenetic modifications of CA9 were ruled out. In summary, our data do not substantiate the generalization that PI3K upregulation leads to increased HIF activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics*
  10. PNMA family: Protein interaction network and cell signalling pathways implicated in cancer and apoptosis
    Pang SW, Lahiri C, Poh CL, Tan KO
    Cell Signal, 2018 05;45:54-62.
    PMID: 29378289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.01.022
    Paraneoplastic Ma Family (PNMA) comprises a growing number of family members which share relatively conserved protein sequences encoded by the human genome and is localized to several human chromosomes, including the X-chromosome. Based on sequence analysis, PNMA family members share sequence homology to the Gag protein of LTR retrotransposon, and several family members with aberrant protein expressions have been reported to be closely associated with the human Paraneoplastic Disorder (PND). In addition, gene mutations of specific members of PNMA family are known to be associated with human mental retardation or 3-M syndrome consisting of restrictive post-natal growth or dwarfism, and development of skeletal abnormalities. Other than sequence homology, the physiological function of many members in this family remains unclear. However, several members of this family have been characterized, including cell signalling events mediated by these proteins that are associated with apoptosis, and cancer in different cell types. Furthermore, while certain PNMA family members show restricted gene expression in the human brain and testis, other PNMA family members exhibit broader gene expression or preferential and selective protein interaction profiles, suggesting functional divergence within the family. Functional analysis of some members of this family have identified protein domains that are required for subcellular localization, protein-protein interactions, and cell signalling events which are the focus of this review paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics; Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism*; Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
  11. Cutaneous metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology and Hep Par 1 immunopositivity
    Isa NM, Bong JJ, Ghani FA, Rose IM, Husain S, Azrif M
    Diagn Cytopathol, 2012 Nov;40(11):1010-4.
    PMID: 21563319 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21706
    Cutaneous metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is very rare, accounting for less than 0.8% of all known cutaneous metastases and occurring in 2.7-3.4% of HCCs. With less than 50 such cases reported worldwide, most of which were diagnosed histologically on excised lesions, it can only be expected that diagnosis made on cytological features alone would be challenging. We report a case of cutaneous metastasis of HCC diagnosed based on cytological features and confirmed by Hep Par 1 immunopositivity of the cell block material. An 81-year-old man, who was known to have unresectable HCC, presented with a 1-month history of painless, left nasal alae mass. The mass measured 1.5 cm in diameter, and was multilobulated with a central necrosis. Fine needle aspiration of the mass was done. Smears were cellular, comprising of malignant cells in loose clusters and aggregates as well as singly dispersed. The malignant cells displayed moderate nuclear pleomorphism, occasional prominent nucleoli, and intranuclear pseudoinclusion. Cell block material demonstrated the trabeculae pattern of the malignant cells and Hep Par 1 immunopositivity. The final diagnosis of a metastatic cutaneous HCC was made. In conclusion, cutaneous HCC metastasis is rare and should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with a history of HCC presenting with suspicious skin lesion. In the right clinical setting, a confident diagnosis can be made in such cases by using the fine needle aspiration technique aided with immunopositivity for Hep Par 1 antibody of the aspirated material.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis*
  12. Fulltext DNA Vaccines Targeting Novel Cancer-Associated Antigens Frequently Expressed in Head and Neck Cancer Enhance the Efficacy of Checkpoint Inhibitor
    Wang C, Zainal NS, Chai SJ, Dickie J, Gan CP, Zulaziz N, et al.
    Front Immunol, 2021;12:763086.
    PMID: 34733290 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763086
    HPV-independent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common cancer globally. The overall response rate to anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in HNSCC is ~16%. One major factor influencing the effectiveness of CPI is the level of tumor infiltrating T cells (TILs). Converting TILlow tumors to TILhigh tumors is thus critical to improve clinical outcome. Here we describe a novel DNA vaccines to facilitate the T-cell infiltration and control tumor growth. We evaluated the expression of target antigens and their respective immunogenicity in HNSCC patients. The efficacy of DNA vaccines targeting two novel antigens were evaluated with or without CPI using a syngeneic model. Most HNSCC patients (43/44) co-expressed MAGED4B and FJX1 and their respective tetramer-specific T cells were in the range of 0.06-0.12%. In a preclinical model, antigen-specific T cells were induced by DNA vaccines and increased T cell infiltration into the tumor, but not MDSC or regulatory T cells. The vaccines inhibited tumor growth and improved the outcome alone and upon combination with anti-PD1 and resulted in tumor clearance in approximately 75% of mice. Pre-existence of MAGED4B and FJX1-reactive T cells in HNSCC patients suggests that these widely expressed antigens are highly immunogenic and could be further expanded by vaccination. The DNA vaccines targeting these antigens induced robust T cell responses and with the anti-PD1 antibody conferring excellent tumor control. This opens up an opportunity for combination immunotherapy that might benefit a wider population of HNSCC patients in an antigen-specific manner.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology*
  13. Adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia at University Hospital, Malaysia
    Bosco JJ, Cherian R, Pang T
    Haematol Blood Transfus, 1985;29:67-9.
    PMID: 3861492
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
  14. Fulltext Identification of immunogenic MAGED4B peptides for vaccine development in oral cancer immunotherapy
    Lim KP, Chun NA, Gan CP, Teo SH, Rahman ZA, Abraham MT, et al.
    Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2014;10(11):3214-23.
    PMID: 25483651 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29226
    The ever-increasing number of tumor-associated antigens has provided a major stimulus for the development of therapeutic peptides vaccines. Tumor-associated peptides can induce high immune response rates and have been developed as vaccines for several types of solid tumors, and many are at various stages of clinical testing. MAGED4B, a melanoma antigen, is overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and this expression promotes proliferation and cell migration. In this study, we have identified 9 short peptides derived from MAGED4B protein that are restricted in binding to the HLA subtypes common in the Asian population (HLA-A2, A11, and A24). The peptides had good binding affinity with the MHC-Class I molecules and stimulated ex-vivo IFN-gamma and Granzyme-B production in blood samples from OSCC patients, suggesting that they are immunogenic. Further, T cells stimulated with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells showed enhanced T-cell cytotoxic activity against MAGED4B-overexpressing OSCC cell lines. In summary, we have identified MAGED4B peptides that induce anti-tumor immune responses advocating that they could be further developed as vaccine candidates for the treatment of OSCC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology*
  15. Fulltext In vitro evaluation of dual-antigenic PV1 peptide vaccine in head and neck cancer patients
    Chai SJ, Fong SCY, Gan CP, Pua KC, Lim PVH, Lau SH, et al.
    Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2019;15(1):167-178.
    PMID: 30193086 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1520584
    Peptide vaccines derived from tumour-associated antigens have been used as an immunotherapeutic approach to induce specific cytotoxic immune response against tumour. We previously identified that MAGED4B and FJX1 proteins are overexpressed in HNSCC patients; and further demonstrated that two HLA-A2-restricted 9-11 amino acid peptides derived from these proteins were able to induce anti-tumour immune responses in vitro independently using PBMCs isolated from these patients. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of a dual-antigenic peptide vaccine (PV1), comprised of MAGED4B and FJX1 peptides in HNSCC patients. We first demonstrated that 94.8% of HNSCC patients expressed MAGED4B and/or FJX1 by immunohistochemistry, suggesting that PV1 could benefit the majority of HNSCC patients. The presence of pre-existing MAGED4B and FJX1-specific T-cells was detected using a HLA-A2 dimer assay and efficacy of PV1 to induce T-cell to secrete cytotoxic cytokine was evaluated using ELISPOT assay. Pre-existing PV1-specific T-cells were detected in all patients. Notably, we demonstrated that patients' T-cells were able to secrete cytotoxic cytokines upon exposure to target cells expressing the respective antigen post PV1 stimulation. Furthermore, patients with high expression of MAGED4B and FJX1 in their tumours were more responsive to PV1 stimulation, demonstrating the specificity of the PV1 peptide vaccine. Additionally, we also demonstrated the expression of MAGED4B and FJX1 in breast, lung, colon, prostate and rectal cancer suggesting the potential use of PV1 in these cancers. In summary, PV1 could be a good vaccine candidate for the treatment of HNSCC patients and other cancers expressing these antigens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology*
  16. Anti-idiotype vaccine against cancer
    Bhattacharya-Chatterjee M, Chatterjee SK, Foon KA
    Immunol Lett, 2000 Sep 15;74(1):51-8.
    PMID: 10996628
    Immunization with anti-idiotype (Id) antibodies represents a novel new approach to active immunotherapy. Extensive studies in animal tumor models have demonstrated the efficacy of anti-Id vaccines in preventing tumor growth and curing mice with established tumor. We have developed and characterized several murine monoclonal anti-Id antibodies (Ab2) which mimic distinct human tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and can be used as surrogate antigens for triggering active anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients. Encouraging results have been obtained in recent clinical trials. In this article, we will review the existing literature and summarize our own findings showing the potential of this approach for various human cancers. We will also discuss where anti-Id vaccines may perform better than traditional antigen vaccines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
  17. The potential immune-eliciting cancer testis antigens in colorectal cancer
    Chi Soh JE, Abu N, Jamal R
    Immunotherapy, 2018 09;10(12):1093-1104.
    PMID: 30185136 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0044
    The identification of cancer testis antigens (CTAs) has been an important finding in the search of potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. CTA is one of the subfamilies of the large tumor-associated antigens groups. It is aberrantly expressed in various types of human tumors but is absent in normal tissues except for the testis and placenta. This CTAs-restricted pattern of expression in human malignancies together with its potential immunogenic properties, has stirred the interest of many researchers to use CTAs as one of the ideal targets in cancer immunotherapy. To date, multiple studies have shown that CTAs-based vaccines can elicit clinical and immunological responses in different tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). This review details our current understanding of CTAs and CRC in regard to the expression and immunological responses as well as some of the critical hurdles in CTAs-based immunotherapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics; Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism*
  18. Fulltext Expression of gamma glutamyl hydrolase and carbonic anhydrase 9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their association with extracapsular spread
    Nor Aszlitah Burhanudin, Thomas George Kallarakkal
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):17-17.
    MyJurnal
    Extracapsular spread (ECS) is one of the most important prognostic factors in oral
    squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Gamma Glutamyl Hydrolase (GGH) is a lysosomal enzyme which is involved in folate homeostasis. It is overexpressed in several human malignancies but its role in
    OSCC has never been reported. Carbonic Anhydrase 9 (CA9) is a transmembrane glycoprotein and is
    related to hypoxia. High expression of CA9 has been associated with poor prognosis in several
    tumours including OSCC. This study was aimed to investigate the expression of GGH and CA9 in
    OSCC and their potential use as biomarkers to predict ECS. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm
  19. Multi-analyte validation in heterogeneous solution by ELISA
    Lakshmipriya T, Gopinath SCB, Hashim U, Murugaiyah V
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2017 Dec;105(Pt 1):796-800.
    PMID: 28732727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.115
    Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a standard assay that has been used widely to validate the presence of analyte in the solution. With the advancement of ELISA, different strategies have shown and became a suitable immunoassay for a wide range of analytes. Herein, we attempted to provide additional evidence with ELISA, to show its suitability for multi-analyte detection. To demonstrate, three clinically relevant targets have been chosen, which include 16kDa protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, human blood clotting Factor IXa and a tumour marker Squamous Cell Carcinoma antigen. Indeed, we adapted the routine steps from the conventional ELISA to validate the occurrence of analytes both in homogeneous and heterogeneous solutions. With the homogeneous and heterogeneous solutions, we could attain the sensitivity of 2, 8 and 1nM for the targets 16kDa protein, FIXa and SSC antigen, respectively. Further, the specific multi-analyte validations were evidenced with the similar sensitivities in the presence of human serum. ELISA assay in this study has proven its applicability for the genuine multiple target validation in the heterogeneous solution, can be followed for other target validations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
  20. Fulltext Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-product (sRAGE)/pentosidine ratio: a potential risk factor determinant for type 2 diabetic retinopathy
    Ng ZX, Chua KH, Iqbal T, Kuppusamy UR
    Int J Mol Sci, 2013;14(4):7480-91.
    PMID: 23552832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047480
    This study aims to investigate potential diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk factors by evaluating the circulating levels of pentosidine, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-product (sRAGE), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in DR patients. A total of 235 healthy controls, 171 type 2 diabetic without retinopathy (DNR) and 200 diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients were recruited. Plasma was extracted for the estimation of pentosidine, sRAGE, AOPP levels and GPx activity whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cells were disrupted for SOD activity measurement. DNR and DR patients showed significantly higher levels of plasma pentosidine, sRAGE and AOPP but lower GPx and SOD activities when compared to healthy controls. The sRAGE/pentosidine ratio in DR patients was significantly lower than the ratio detected in DNR patients. Proliferative DR patients had significantly higher levels of plasma pentosidine, sRAGE, AOPP and sRAGE/pentosidine ratio than non-proliferative DR patients. High HbA1c level, long duration of diabetes and low sRAGE/pentosidine ratio were determined as the risk factors for DR. This study suggests that sRAGE/pentosidine ratio could serve as a risk factor determinant for type 2 DR as it has a positive correlation with the severity of DR.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm/blood*
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