DESIGN: Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, three electronic databases were searched (Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science).
RESULTS: A total of twelve studies were included in the final review that reported on small-animal (rats, guinea pigs, rabbits) and large-animal (dogs and goats) models. Based on the grafting biomaterials, eight papers used cell-free scaffolds, four articles utilised cell-based scaffolds. The timing protocol for the initiation of OTM employed in the studies ranged from immediate to 6 months after surgical grafting. Only four studies included autologous bone graft (gold standard) as positive control. Most papers reported positive results with regards to the rate of OTM and bone augmentation effects while only a few reported side effects such as root resorptions. Overall, the included articles showed a massive heterogeneity in terms of the animal bone defect model characteristics, scaffold materials, study designs, parameters of OTM and methods of analysis.
CONCLUSION: Since there was inadequate evidence to identify the optimal protocol of OTM, optimization of animal bone defect models and outcome measurements is needed to improve the translational ability of future studies.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of bovine bone granules on alveolar bone socket augmentation for ridge preservation following atraumatic tooth extraction.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty medically fit patients (12 males and 8 females aged between 18 and 40 years) who needed noncomplicated tooth extraction of 1 mandibular premolar tooth were divided randomly and equally into 2 groups. In control group I, the empty extraction socket was left untreated and allowed to heal in a conventional way. In group II, the empty extraction socket wound was filled with lyophilized bovine bone xenograft granules 0.25 to 1 mm of size, 1 mL/vial. A resorbable pericardium membrane was placed to cover the defect. Clinical and 3-dimensional radiological assessments were performed at day 0, 3 months, and 9 months postoperative.
RESULTS: There were no clinical differences in general wound healing between the groups. Comparisons within the groups showed a significant difference of bone resorption of 1.49 mm (95% confidence interval, 0.63-2.35) at 3 months, and further resorption of 1.84 mm (P ≤ 0.05) at 9 months in the control group. No significant changes of bone resorption were observed in group II during the same time interval. Comparison between groups showed a significant difference of bone resorption at 3 and 9 months (2.40 and 2.88 mm, respectively).
CONCLUSION: The use of lyophilized demineralized bovine bone granules in socket preservation to fill in the extraction socket seems essential in preserving the alveolar bone dimension as it showed excellent soft and hard tissue healing. This study concludes that the alveolar bone socket exhibited a dynamic process of resorption from the first day of tooth extraction. Evidence shows the possibility of using bovine bone granules routinely in socket volume preservation techniques following tooth extraction.
Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent surgery for isolated scaphoid fractures over a 15 years period from December 2000 to December 2015. Only patients who underwent open surgery with bone grafting were included. They were divided into a group treated with a single screw fixation, and another group treated with screw and K-wire fixations.
Results: Forty-four (58.7%) patients had single screw fixation and 31 (41.3%) had screw augmented with K-wire fixation. The overall union rate was 88.0%, with an overall mean time to union of 5.3 months. There was no difference in union rate (p=0.84) and time to union (p=0.66) between the single screw group and combined screw and K-wire group. Univariate analysis found that older age (t=-2.11, p=0.04) had a significant effect on union rate. Regression model showed that age had a significant effect on months to union.
Conclusion: In open fixation of scaphoid fractures with compression screw and bone grafting, union rate and time to union is comparable whether or not screw fixation was augmented with an intracarpal K-wire. There was no increased risk of complications associated with augmented screw. Age of patient affected time to union and union rate.
CONCLUSIONS: Open MM fracture with bone and soft tissue loss is rare. It is feasible to treat this injury with a novel surgical reconstruction technique involving autogenous bicortical iliac bone graft and radial forearm free flap.