Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 437 in total

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  1. Fulltext Bartonella henselae Neuroretinitis: A Rare Coinfection in POEMS Syndrome
    Ab Kahar MEPI, Muhammed J, Hitam WHW, Husin A
    Turk J Ophthalmol, 2020 12 29;50(6):371-376.
    PMID: 33389938 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.83873
    Bartonella henselae is a recognized cause of neuroretinitis in cat scratch disease. Meanwhile, polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, skin changes (POEMS) syndrome with Castleman disease (evidence of lymph node hyperplasia), is a chronic debilitating condition that predisposes to various superimposed infections. B. henselae neuroretinitis implicated in POEMS syndrome has not been reported previously. A 34-year-old asymptomatic man was referred for an eye assessment. Examination showed visual acuity of 6/18 in the right eye and 6/24 in the left eye. On fundus examination, both eyes exhibited typical features of neuroretinitis (optic disc swelling and incomplete macular star). There was otherwise no vitritis or chorioretinitis. Serology for B. henselae revealed high immunoglobulin M (IgM) titer (1:96) indicative of acute disease, and positive immunoglobulin G (IgG) (1:156). He was treated with oral azithromycin for 6 weeks and a short course of oral prednisolone. Subsequently, the visual acuity in both eyes improved with resolution of macular star. However, both optic discs remained swollen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Bacterial/complications; Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis*; Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology
  2. Fulltext The Effect of Clinical Visual Stress on Stereoacuity Measured with the TNO Test
    Abd Manan F, Jenkins TC, Collinge AJ
    Malays J Med Sci, 2001 Jul;8(2):25-31.
    PMID: 22893757 MyJurnal
    We measured stereoacuity using TNO test on 25 patients without fixation disparity (FD) and compared the result with other 25 patients exhibited FD related to visual stress. All patients were presbyopes of ages ranging from 40 to 80 years, with visual acuity 6/6 or better in each eye, free from ocular diseases and generally healthy. The results showed statistically significant difference in the stereoacuities measured between the groups (Mann-Whitney U = 181.0, p < 0.01), suggesting that FD significantly reduced stereoacuity. Although the correlation between the magnitudes of FD and stereothreshold is statistically not significant (Spearman's r(s) = 0.33, p>0.01), elimination of FD using prisms correction statistically improved stereoacuity (Wilcoxon's Z = 2.43, p<0.01). The findings conclude that visual stress manifested as FD causes deficit in stereoperformance measurable with the TNO test and can be improved by prism correction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye
  3. Fulltext The effect of induced visual stress on three dimensional perception
    Abd-Manan F
    Malays J Med Sci, 2000 Jul;7(2):18-26.
    PMID: 22977386 MyJurnal
    Previous studies have shown that stress on the vergence and accommodation systems, either artificially induced or naturally occurring, results in small misalignment of the visual axes, reduces binocular visual acuity and produces symptoms of ocular discomfort. This study examines the effect of artificially induced visual stress using ophthalmic prisms on three dimensional perception on 30 optometry students ages ranging from 19 to 29 years old. 6D base-in prisms, equally divided between the eyes (3D base-in each) was used to induce stress on the visual system producing misalignment of visual axes known as fixation disparity. The fixation disparity is quantified using near vision Mallett Unit and an enlarged scaled diagram. Stereoscopic perception was measured with the TNO test, with and without the presence of stress and the results was compared. Wilcoxon's matched pair ranked tests show statistically significant difference in the stereo thresholds of both conditions, p = 0.01 for advancing stereopsis and p = 0.01 for receding stereopsis, respectively. The study concludes that visual stress induced by prisms, produce misalignment of the visual axes and thus reduces three dimensional performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye
  4. Effects of topically applied tocotrienol on cataractogenesis and lens redox status in galactosemic rats
    Abdul Nasir NA, Agarwal R, Vasudevan S, Tripathy M, Alyautdin R, Ismail NM
    Mol Vis, 2014;20:822-35.
    PMID: 24940038
    Oxidative and nitrosative stress underlies cataractogenesis, and therefore, various antioxidants have been investigated for anticataract properties. Several vitamin E analogs have also been studied for anticataract effects due to their antioxidant properties; however, the anticataract properties of tocotrienols have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the effects of topically applied tocotrienol on the onset and progression of cataract and lenticular oxidative and nitrosative stress in galactosemic rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anterior Eye Segment/drug effects; Anterior Eye Segment/pathology; Eye Proteins/metabolism
  5. Dental care access among individuals with Down syndrome: a Malaysian scenario
    Abdul Rahim FS, Mohamed AM, Marizan Nor M, Saub R
    Acta Odontol Scand, 2014 Nov;72(8):999-1004.
    PMID: 25029211 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.936036
    The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the legal representatives' perceptions on dental care access of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) compared to their non-DS siblings in Peninsular Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Diseases/therapy
  6. Fulltext Human coronaviruses: ophthalmic manifestations
    Abdul-Kadir MA, Lim LT
    BMJ Open Ophthalmol, 2020;5(1):e000630.
    PMID: 33195813 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000630
    The 2019 novel coronavirus which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) known as SARS-CoV-2 still remains as a global pandemic since its discovery and continues to spread across the world, given how highly contagious the virus is. We reviewed various articles that explore eye involvement in COVID-19 and other human coronaviruses, its human manifestations in comparison to animal studies and potential mechanism of viral entry into the eye surface. Evidence of animal studies depicted various complications of coronaviruses infection into the eyes, in both anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Conjunctival inflammation remains uncommon in association with COVID-19, with other ophthalmic findings. The risk of transmission via the ocular surface remains likely low, though it is inarguably present based on preliminary finding of viral load in ocular samples and expression of ACE2 on the ocular surface. Testing the tears sample for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 was unreliable due to limitations of the testing kits and conflicting evidence of the viral titre in the ocular samples. Further larger, more precise and specific studies are required to allow us to better understand the pattern of virulence underlying the associations of SARS-CoV-2 in the eye despite its rare occurrence. This review article aims to enhance better awareness among clinicians regarding ocular manifestations associated with COVID-19 and necessary precautions should be implemented to minimise the risk of person-to-person especially in the nosocomial setting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye
  7. Fulltext Intravitreal ranibizumab in treating extensive traumatic submacular hemorrhage
    Abdul-Salim I, Embong Z, Khairy-Shamel ST, Raja-Azmi MN
    Clin Ophthalmol, 2013;7:703-6.
    PMID: 23589678 DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S42208
    Herein, we report our experience in treating extensive traumatic submacular hemorrhage with a single dose of intravitreal ranibizumab. A 23-year-old healthy Malay man presented with a progressive reduction of central vision in the left eye of 2 days' duration following a history of blunt trauma. Visual acuity was reduced to counting fingers. Examination revealed infero-temporal subconjunctival hemorrhage, traumatic anterior uveitis, and an extensive sub-macular hemorrhage with suspicion of a choroidal rupture in the affected eye. He was initially treated conservatively with topical prednisolone acetate 1%. The subconjunctival hemorrhage and anterior uveitis resolved but his vision remained poor with minimal resolution of the submacular hemorrhage at 1 week follow-up (day 12 post-trauma). In view of the poor resolution of submacular hemorrhage, he was treated with a single dose of 0.5 mg intravitreal ranibizumab at day 20 post-trauma. At 4 weeks post-intravitreal ranibizumab, there was an improvement in visual acuity (from counting fingers to 6/45) and complete resolution of the submacular hemorrhage with presence of a choroidal rupture scar temporal to the fovea, which was not seen clearly at presentation due to obscuration by blood. His visual acuity further improved to 6/18 at 3 months post-trauma. Although this single case had a favorable outcome, a large population cohort study is needed to establish the effectiveness of intravitreal ranibizumab in treating extensive traumatic submacular hemorrhage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Injuries
  8. Multiple retentive means for prosthetic restoration of a large facial defect - a case report
    Abdulhadi LM
    Chin J Dent Res, 2010;13(1):61-6.
    PMID: 20936194
    A 70-year-old man who suffered from extensive extra and intraoral defects was rehabilitated with a prosthesis using multiple retaining means. The treatment was performed in two parts: externally involving the construction of an episthesis supported only by the remaining intact boundaries of the defect and retained by mini-dental implants and spectacle frame with a modified ear hook; and intraorally by an acrylic resin obturator to restore the function of the hemi-sectioned hard and soft palate. The episthesis was securely retained with minimal movement and/or dislodgment of the prosthesis during function. Multiple retentive techniques may be used to fix heavy external prostheses as an alternative to conventional implants or biological adhesives.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Neoplasms/rehabilitation; Eye, Artificial
  9. Public Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception Toward Conventional and Novel Ocular Treatment in Malaysia
    Abdullah SN, Mohmad Sabere AS
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 12 21;13(1):143-147.
    PMID: 34084061 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_463_20
    One of the major concerns in any pharmacological treatment is the patients' adherence to medication. However, different types of ocular dosage forms might result in different response and compliance from the patients. This study investigated and compared public willingness on different types of dosage forms available for ocular treatment. The study also evaluated their willingness on new approach for the treatment based on their knowledge, attitude, and perception. This study was conducted between October and December 2017 through a set of questionnaires applied to 90 respondents between the age of 18 and 60 years who lived in Muar and Kuantan, Malaysia. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0 including inferential and descriptive statistics. There was no significant difference in the knowledge level between all age groups towards different types of dosage forms available; eye drops (P = 0.09), eye ointment (P = 0.252), medicated contact lens (P = 0.05), ocular mini-tablets (P = 0.06), and ocular inserts (P = 0.075). There is a variation of results among the public towards different types of dosage forms with their willingness to try conventional and novel approach. Eye drops show the highest willingness followed by eye ointment (less willingness). However, most of them showed no willingness towards medicated contact lens, ocular mini-tablets, and ocular insert. This research hopes to provide an overview on the development process of new formulation and dosage forms based on the patients' willingness level in an attempt to increase patient compliance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye
  10. Anterior segment characteristics of keratoconus eyes in a sample of Asian population
    Abolbashari F, Mohidin N, Ahmadi Hosseini SM, Mohd Ali B, Retnasabapathy S
    Cont Lens Anterior Eye, 2013 Aug;36(4):191-5.
    PMID: 23375190 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2013.01.005
    To assess changes in anterior segment parameters of keratoconus eyes at different stages of the disease in a sample of the Asian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anterior Eye Segment/pathology*
  11. Fulltext Enucleation in a Cownose Ray (Rhinoptera bonasus)
    Abraham Gabriel A, Yee-Nin ST, Adamu L, Hassan HMD, Wahid AH
    Case Rep Vet Med, 2018;2018:5048948.
    PMID: 29955436 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5048948
    Trauma is a common problem in Cownose Ray during mating season in both wild and captive rays. Enucleation is indicated when there is an ocular trauma. A 5-year-old female Cownose Ray (Rhinoptera bonasus) from Aquaria of Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre (KLCC) was presented to University Veterinary Hospital (UVH), Universiti Putra Malaysia, with a complaint of protruding left eye, which resulted from crushing into artificial coral during mating season. There were a hyphema in the traumatic left eye, periorbital tissue tear, exposed left eye socket, and multiple abrasions on both pectoral fins. The Cownose was anaesthetized and maintained with isoeugenol and on-field emergency enucleation of the left eye was performed. It was managed medically with postoperative enrofloxacin, tobramycin ointment, and povidone iodine. No suture breakdown and secondary infection were observed at day 7 after enucleation during revisit. At day 24 after enucleation, the Cownose responded well to treatment with excellent healing progression and no surgical complication was observed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Injuries
  12. Fulltext Chronic endogenous fungal endophthalmitis: diagnostic and treatment challenges: A case report
    Abu Talib DN, Yong MH, Nasaruddin RA, Che-Hamzah J, Bastion MC
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2021 Apr 09;100(14):e25459.
    PMID: 33832156 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025459
    RATIONALE: Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EFE) is a sight-threatening complication of systemic fungemia. As the prevalence rises, treatment remains a challenge especially when there is a failure in first-line treatment or drug-resistant fungus. This case report studies a case of chronic EFE, focusing on the diagnostic procedures, treatment options, monitoring parameters and the treatment outcome.

    PATIENT CONCERNS: A 64-year-old man with underlying well controlled diabetes mellitus was treated with 2 weeks' course of intravenous antifungal fluconazole for pyelonephritis as his blood culture grew Candida albicans. Concurrently, he complained of 3 months of bilateral painless progressive blurring of vision. At presentation, his visual acuity (VA) was light perception both eyes. Ocular examination revealed non granulomatous inflammation with dense vitritis of both eyes.

    DIAGNOSIS: He was diagnosed with EFE but the condition responded poorly with the medications.

    INTERVENTIONS: He was treated with intravitreal (IVT) amphotericin B and fluconazole was continued. Vitrectomy was performed and intraoperative findings included bilateral fungal balls in the vitreous and retina with foveal traction in the left eye. Postoperatively, vision acuity was 6/24, N8 right eye and 2/60, N unable for left eye with extensive left macular scar and hole. Vitreous cultures were negative. He received multiple IVT amphotericin B and was started on topical steroid eye drops for persistent panuveitis with systemic fluconazole. Ocular improvement was seen after switching to IVT and topical voriconazole. Despite this, his ocular condition deteriorated and he developed neovascular glaucoma requiring 3 topical antiglaucoma agents. Panretinal photocoagulation was subsequently performed.

    OUTCOMES: At 3 months' follow-up, his vision acuity remained at 6/24 for right eye and 2/60 for the left eye. There was no recurrence of inflammation or infection in both eyes.

    LESSONS: Voriconazole could serve as a promising broad spectrum tri-azole agent in cases of failure in first-line treatment or drug-resistant fungus.

    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Fungal/diagnosis*; Eye Infections, Fungal/therapy*
  13. Fulltext Feature selection and classifier parameters estimation for EEG signals peak detection using particle swarm optimization
    Adam A, Shapiai MI, Tumari MZ, Mohamad MS, Mubin M
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:973063.
    PMID: 25243236 DOI: 10.1155/2014/973063
    Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal peak detection is widely used in clinical applications. The peak point can be detected using several approaches, including time, frequency, time-frequency, and nonlinear domains depending on various peak features from several models. However, there is no study that provides the importance of every peak feature in contributing to a good and generalized model. In this study, feature selection and classifier parameters estimation based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) are proposed as a framework for peak detection on EEG signals in time domain analysis. Two versions of PSO are used in the study: (1) standard PSO and (2) random asynchronous particle swarm optimization (RA-PSO). The proposed framework tries to find the best combination of all the available features that offers good peak detection and a high classification rate from the results in the conducted experiments. The evaluation results indicate that the accuracy of the peak detection can be improved up to 99.90% and 98.59% for training and testing, respectively, as compared to the framework without feature selection adaptation. Additionally, the proposed framework based on RA-PSO offers a better and reliable classification rate as compared to standard PSO as it produces low variance model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Movements/physiology*
  14. Fulltext Relationship between Routine Handling Practices with Potential Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Contact Lenses Among Students in UiTM Negeri Sembilan
    Adam Zafdri Md Zali, Rashidah Iberahim
    Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2021;9(1):106-116.
    MyJurnal
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are types of bacteria known to cause bacterial keratitis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes bacterial keratitis by adhering to the surface of the contact lenses, when the P. aeruginosa are in contact with the eye, resulting in infectious keratitis. As for Staphylococcus aureus, when there is a predisposing factor such as wearing expired or extended use of contact lenses (contact lenses that can be used continually for up to one week even while sleeping) weaken the individual defences and leads to the development of bacterial keratitis. Both bacteria are capable to infect eye cornea and lead to bacterial keratitis through contact lenses wearer. The findings of this study provide information on the importance of routine practices in handling contact lenses to help reduce the incidence of bacterial keratitis caused by wear contact lenses in an individual. The side effect of wearing contact lenses such as redness of the eye and keratitis due to the infection by pathogenic bacteria which comes from the behavior and low hygiene level management of individual had led the study to create awareness to contact lenses wearer. In this study, 25 soft and hard contact lenses with purposed for colored or toric contact lenses were obtained among UiTM Negeri Sembilan students. The users required to answer the questionnaire form regarding the type, behavior, and routine practices of their contact lenses. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated using the cotton swab technique and cultured on nutrient broth. The streak technique was used to cultured bacteria from broth to nutrient agar, blood agar, and MacConkey agar. Later, the identification of bacteria was carried out using biochemical tests and microscopic observation. From the laboratory results, 84% of the tested contact lenses contained pathogenic bacteria on their surface. These findings concluded that the presences of pathogenic microorganisms on the contact lenses used closely related to the behavior in handling and hygenic practices level by the contact lenses users.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Bacterial
  15. Fulltext Clinical profile and visual outcome of traumatic paediatric cataract in suburban Malaysia: a ten-year experience
    Adlina AR, Chong YJ, Shatriah I
    Singapore Med J, 2014 May;55(5):253-6.
    PMID: 24862748
    INTRODUCTION: Available data on traumatic cataract in Asian children is primarily confined to South Asian countries. We aimed to describe the demographics, nature of injury and visual outcomes of Malaysian children with traumatic cataract from a suburban area, and discuss the literature on Asian children with this condition.

    METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 29 children below 17 years of age who were diagnosed with traumatic paediatric cataract and who attended Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, between January 2000 and December 2010. Follow-up periods ranged from 12 to 120 months. Demographic data, clinical features, mechanism and extent of injury, and final visual outcome were recorded.

    RESULTS: The study population was predominantly male. The right eye was injured in 62.07% of patients. A majority of patients had penetrating injuries, with the most common cause being injury by an organic foreign body (24.14%). Presenting visual acuity worse than 6/60 was observed in 68.97% of patients. Only 34.48% of patients had a final corrected visual acuity of 6/12 and better. 55.18% of patients were operated on within less than one month of their injuries. A majority of children sustained concurrent injuries to the anterior segment structures. Corneal opacity and amblyopia were the most common causes of poor final visual acuity.

    CONCLUSION: Health education and awareness are essential tools that can prevent avoidable blindness due to traumatic cataract in the paediatric population. The importance of rehabilitation programmes for these patients should be emphasised.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Injuries/therapy*
  16. Different Intraorbital Implant Situations and Ocular Prosthetic Rehabilitation
    Aggarwal H, Kumar P, Eachempati P, Alvi HA
    J Prosthodont, 2016 Dec;25(8):687-693.
    PMID: 26447725 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12369
    Enucleation is the removal of the entire globe of the eye and a portion of the optic nerve, while evisceration involves the removal of the contents of the globe leaving the sclera, extraocular muscles, and optic nerve. Following enucleation or evisceration, intraorbital implants are routinely placed to enhance the prosthetic outcome in addition to restoring the lost orbital volume. Current practice employs intraorbital implants made of nonporous silicone, hydroxyapatite, or porous polyethylene. Intraorbital implant selection and placement, being a highly demanding procedure in terms of knowledge, skill, and expertise, may be associated with a multiplicity of technical and surgical errors. Complications are usually minimal with these implants, but they do occur. The literature reveals many articles related to intraorbital implants, their benefits, and complications; however, the literature regarding the effect of various intraorbital implant situations on the subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation is markedly scarce. Moreover, the need for interdisciplinary surgical and prosthetic interventions required for successful rehabilitation in cases of compromised implant situations has been underemphasized. Hence, this review aimed to evaluate the effect of different intraorbital implant situations on ocular rehabilitation and the required interdisciplinary surgical and prosthetic treatment approach for rehabilitation of enucleated/eviscerated sockets with compromised implant situations, to provide a critical appraisal, and to present a simplified management strategy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Enucleation*
  17. Fulltext Ophthalmomyiasis from Chrysomyia bezziana (screwworm fly)
    Alhady M, Zabri K, Chua CN
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Aug;63(3):269-70.
    PMID: 19248710
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Infections, Parasitic/diagnosis*; Eye Infections, Parasitic/surgery
  18. Combination of vascularized outer-table calvarial bone graft based on the superficial temporal vessels and allomatrix for the repair of an orbito-frontal blow-out fracture in a child
    Ali F, Halim AS, Najihah SZ, Ibrahim M, Abdullah J
    J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2005 Oct;33(5):326-30.
    PMID: 16125400
    A vascularized outer-table calvarial bone graft was used for repairing a Posnick type 2 traumatic orbito-frontal bone defect supported by the use of a calcium-based putty (Allomatrix) in a 7-year-old girl. Gaps between the donor and recipient sites were filled with Allomatrix containing demineralized bone matrix particles. Four years later there was a good cosmetic result using an artificial left eye.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye, Artificial
  19. Fulltext Comparison of dry eye parameters between diabetics and non-diabetics in district of Kuantan, Pahang
    Aljarousha M, Badarudin NE, Che Azemin MZ
    Malays J Med Sci, 2016 May;23(3):72-7.
    PMID: 27418872 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Diabetes may affect the human body's systems and organs, including the eye. Diabetic retinopathy is the 5th leading cause of blindness globally. Diabetic subjects demonstrated dry eye symptoms that were also supported by the low values of the clinical tests.
    PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the dry eye symptoms and signs between diabetics and non-diabetics and tear functions between diabetic subjects with and without dry eye.
    METHODS: This retrospective study was based on the observation of 643 medical files. Using a convenience sampling method, 88 subjects were found to report diabetes mellitus. The information extracted from the files included: date of first examination, age at first visit, gender, past ocular history, systemic disease, symptoms of dry eye disease and details of clinical diagnostic signs. Non-contact lens wearers were excluded. A group of 88, age and gender matched, control subjects were included for this comparison study.
    RESULTS: The percentage of dry eye symptoms was higher in diabetic subjects (15.9%) compared with non-diabetic subjects (13.6%; p<0.001). The percentage of dry eye symptoms was also higher in diabetics with dry eye (63%) than in diabetics without dry eye (36.9%; p<0.001). Tear break up time was significantly different between diabetics and non-diabetics (p<0.001) and between diabetics with and without dry eye (p=0.046). The corneal staining was significantly different between diabetic subjects with and without dry eye (p=0.028).
    CONCLUSION: Dry eye symptoms were significantly associated with diabetics. Tear break up time was significantly shorter in diabetics with dry eye compared to diabetics without dry eye.
    KEYWORDS: Diabetes mellitus; cornea; dry eye syndromes; signs and symptoms; tears
    Study site: Klinik Kesihatan Jalan Hospital, Kuantan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Dry Eye Syndromes
  20. Inverting peripheral hyperopic defocus into myopic defocus among myopic schoolchildren using addition power of multifocal contact lens
    Allinjawi K, Kaur S, Akhir SM, Mutalib HA
    Saudi J Ophthalmol, 2020 12 28;34(2):94-100.
    PMID: 33575529 DOI: 10.4103/1319-4534.305035
    PURPOSE: The purpose was to determine the minimum near-addition power needed using Proclear® multifocal D-Design contact lens (adds: +1.50 D, +2.50 D, +3.00 D, and +3.50 D) to invert the pattern of relative hyperopic defocus in the peripheral retina into relative myopic defocus among the eyes of myopic schoolchildren.

    METHODS: Twenty-seven right eyes (24 females and 3 males) of 27 myopic schoolchildren aged between 13 and 15 years were included in this study. The measurements of central refraction, peripheral refraction (between 35° temporal and 35° nasal visual field in 5° steps), and lag of accommodation were conducted using the Grand-Seiko WR-5100K open-field autorefractometer initially without correction (WC), followed by with correction using four different addition powers of Proclear® multifocal D-Design contact lens in random sequence. Axial length was measured using a handheld probe ultrasound A-scan (Tomey AL-2000).

    RESULTS: The relative peripheral refractive error showed high hyperopic defocus of +1.08 ± 1.24 D at 35° nasal and +1.06 ± 1.06 D at 35° temporal visual field WC. All Proclear multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs) decreased the peripheral hyperopic defocus with increasing addition powers (F [2.938, 47.001] = 13.317, P < 0.001). However, only +3.00 D addition and +3.50 D addition (P = 0.001) could invert the peripheral hyperopic defocus into peripheral myopic defocus. Apart from that, the +3.00 D addition lens showed the lowest lag of accommodation (+1.10 ± 0.83 D) among the other MFCL adds (P = 0.002).

    CONCLUSION: A +3.00 D addition Proclear MFCL is the optimal addition power that can invert the pattern of peripheral hyperopic defocus into myopic defocus.

    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Diseases, Hereditary
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