Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 53 in total

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  1. Fulltext Pathogenicity of Nosema sp. (Microsporidia) in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
    Kermani N, Abu-Hassan ZA, Dieng H, Ismail NF, Attia M, Abd Ghani I
    PLoS One, 2013;8(5):e62884.
    PMID: 23675435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062884
    Biological control using pathogenic microsporidia could be an alternative to chemical control of the diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). The microsporidium Nosema bombycis (NB) is one of the numerous pathogens that can be used in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of DBM. However, its pathogenicity or effectiveness can be influenced by various factors, particularly temperature. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of temperature on NB infection of DBM larvae. Second-instar larvae at different doses (spore concentration: 0, 1×10²,1×10³,1×10⁴, and 1×10⁵) at 15°, 20°, 25°, 30° and 35°C and a relative humidity(RH) of 65% and light dark cycle (L:D) of 12∶12. Larval mortality was recorded at 24 h intervals until the larvae had either died or pupated. The results showed that the spore concentration had a significant negative effect on larval survival at all temperatures, although this effect was more pronounced (92%) at 35°C compared with that at 20 and 30°C (≃50%) and 25°C (26%). Histological observations showed that Nosema preferentially infected the adipose tissue and epithelial cells of the midgut, resulting in marked vacuolization of the cytoplasm. These findings suggest that Nosema damaged the midgut epithelial cells. Our results suggest that Nosema had a direct adverse effect on DBM, and could be utilized as an important biopesticide alternative to chemical insecticides in IPM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths/growth & development; Moths/microbiology*
  2. Fulltext Pathogenicity of a microsporidium isolate from the diamondback moth against Noctuid moths: characterization and implications for microbiological pest management
    Ghani IA, Dieng H, Abu Hassan ZA, Ramli N, Kermani N, Satho T, et al.
    PLoS One, 2013;8(12):e81642.
    PMID: 24349104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081642
    Due to problems with chemical control, there is increasing interest in the use of microsporidia for control of lepidopteran pests. However, there have been few studies to evaluate the susceptibility of exotic species to microsporidia from indigenous Lepidoptera.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths/microbiology*
  3. Fulltext The impact of different plant extracts on population suppression of Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) yield under field conditions
    Ali S, Li Y, Haq IU, Abbas W, Shabbir MZ, Khan MM, et al.
    PLoS One, 2021;16(12):e0260470.
    PMID: 34852006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260470
    Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) is a destructive pest of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) crop in Pakistan. Although insecticides are the primary management strategy used to control H. armigera, most of them are not effective due to considerable toxic residual effects on the fruits. Nonetheless, H. armigera is rapidly evolving resistance against the available pesticides for its management. This situation calls upon the need of alternative management options against the pest. Different plant extracts have been suggested as a viable, environment-friendly option for plant protection with minimal side effects. Furthermore, the plant extracts could also manage the insect species evolving resistance against pesticides. This study evaluated the efficacy of different plant extracts (i.e., Neem seed, turmeric, garlic and marsh pepper) against H. armigera. Furthermore, the impact of the plant extracts on growth and yield of tomato crop was also tested under field conditions. The results revealed that all plant extracts resulted in higher mortality of H. armigera compared to control. Similarly, the highest plant height was observed for the plants treated with the plant extracts compared to untreated plants. Moreover, the highest tomato yield was observed in plants treated with plant extracts, especially with neem seed (21.013 kg/plot) followed by pepper extract (19.25 kg/plot), and garlic extract 18.4 kg/plot) compared to the untreated plants (8.9 kg/plot). It is concluded that plant extracts can be used as eco-friendly approaches for improving tomato yield and resistance management of H. armigera.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths/drug effects*
  4. Impacts of 2 species of predatory Reduviidae on bagworms in oil palm plantations
    Jamian S, Norhisham A, Ghazali A, Zakaria A, Azhar B
    Insect Sci, 2017 Apr;24(2):285-294.
    PMID: 26712127 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12309
    Integrated pest management (IPM) is widely practiced in commercial oil palm agriculture. This management system is intended to minimize the number of attacks by pest insects such as bagworms on crops, as well as curb economic loss with less dependency on chemical pesticides. One practice in IPM is the use of biological control agents such as predatory insects. In this study, we assessed the response of predatory natural enemies to pest outbreak and water stress, and document the habitat associations of potential pest predators. The abundances of 2 predatory insect species, namely Sycanus dichotomus and Cosmolestes picticeps (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), were compared bagworm outbreak sites and nonoutbreak sites within oil palm plantations. We also examined habitat characteristics that influence the abundances of both predatory species. We found that the abundance of C. picticeps was significantly higher in bagworm outbreak sites than in nonoutbreak sites. There were no significant differences in the abundance of S. dichotomus among outbreak and non-outbreak sites. Both species responded negatively to water stress in oil palm plantations. Concerning the relationship between predatory insect abundance and in situ habitat quality characteristics, our models explained 46.36% of variation for C. picticeps and 23.17% of variation for S. dichotomus. Both species of predatory insects thrived from the planting of multiple beneficial plants in oil palm plantations. The results suggest that C. picticeps can be used as a biological agent to control bagworm populations in oil palm plantations, but S. dichotomus has no or little potential for such ecosystem service.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths*
  5. Fulltext Flies specimens collected from Agricultural Park, Teluk Cempedak and Bukit Pelindung in Kuantan, Pahang
    Heo, Chong Chin, Mohamad Abdullah Marwi, Jeffery, John, Ismarulyusda Ishak, Baharudin Omar
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2008;6(2):93-99.
    MyJurnal
    This study was carried out in Agricultural Park, Teluk Cempedak and Bukit Pelindung at Kuantan, Pahang in October 2007. These three areas were different in ecological characteristic, Agricultural Park is a lowland region in Kuantan rural area, Teluk Cempedak is Kuantan’s most famous beach, and Bukit Pelindung is a reserved rainforest which is 200 meters from the sea level. Fly specimens were collected using four different kinds of baits: dry prawn, salted fish, pork and mango. Each of these baits was placed in a plastic container and exposed for one hour to attract flies. Within 5 minutes, flies started swarming around the baits. The flies were more attracted to the pork and salted fish compared to the other two baits. Fifty one flies, one moth (Lepidoptera) and one wasp (Hymenoptera) were collected. In Agricultural Park, two Lucilia cuprina, one Chrysomya megacephala and one Sarcophaga sp. were collected. For Teluk Cempedak beach, there were two Sarcophagids, 31 Chrysomya megacephala, five Musca domestica, one Lucilia cuprina and one moth were caught. Flies collected from Bukit Pelindung included five C.megacephala, two Sarcophagids, one Musca domestica and one wasp. Most C.megacephala were attracted to the pork and salted fish.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths
  6. New and newly recorded species of the genus Halone Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini) from Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam
    Bae YS, Bayarsaikhan U
    Zootaxa, 2019 Apr 17;4586(2):zootaxa.4586.2.13.
    PMID: 31716139 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.13
    Halone Walker (1854) is one of the small genera within the tribe Lithosiini of subfamily Arctiinae (Erebidae). It was established for its type species, Halone sobria Walker, 1854, from Australia. The genus Halone is distributed in Southeast Asia (total 14 spp.: 3 spp. from India; 1 sp. from Thailand; 9 spp. from Malay Peninsula; 1 sp. from Papua New Guinea) to Australia (total 14 spp.), with 28 species described by several authors in various genera: Halone sobria Walker (1854), Setina sinuata Wallengren (1860), Pitane sejuncta Felder Rogenhofer (1875), Mosoda consolatrix Rosenstock (1885), Mosoda servilis and M. ophiodes Meyrick (1886), Sorocostia interspersa Lucas (1890), Halone coryphoea and H. ebaea Hampson (1914), Eurypepla pteridaula Turner (1922), Halone epiopsis and H. prosenes Turner (1940), Psapharacis camptopleura and Scaphidriotis xylogramma Turner (1899) from Australia; Halone furcifascia Hampson (1914) from Papua New Guinea; Halone ariadna, H. bifornica, H. dissimulata, H. oblimarea, H. pillea, H. iuguma, H. marketae, H. solitus and H. viktorai Bucsek (2012; 2014) from Malay Peninsula; Halone straturata Černý (2009) from Thailand; Aemene diffusifascia Swinhoe (1896), Aemene flavescens Hampson (1898), and Halone flavinigra Hampson (1907) from India. The genus is cataloged in Poole (1989) and Edwards (1996).
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths*
  7. Skin-piercing blood-sucking moths II: Studies on a further 3 adult Calyptra [Calpe] sp. (Lepid., Noctuidae)
    Bänziger H
    Acta Trop, 1979 Mar;36(1):23-37.
    PMID: 35931
    1. Of the scarce Calyptra minuticornis, C. orthograpta and C. labilis, 51, 24, and 7 adults, respectively, were observed during some 600 night inspections at over 100 sites in 1965--1967 and 1971--1977. 2. Hitherto biologically completely unknown, and not recorded before in S.E. Asia, the latter two species flew in or near tropical monsoon forests in hilly regions (300--600 m) of N. Thailand (C. orthograpta also N. Laos). C. minuticornis was found in these and in tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen rain forests of S. Thailand and N.W. Malaysia. 3. In N. Thailand the three species were more common at the end of the cool season/start of the hot season and at the start of the rainy season. They were active mainly during the first half of the night 4. Flight and piercing behaviour, alighting, resting, enemies, and the lack of females, were similar to virtually identical with the "classical" skin-piercing blood-sucking C. eustrigata. 5. C. labilis was seen attacking elephant, C. orthograpta also water buffalo and sambar, C. minuticornis also zebu and tapir but not sambar. C. minuticornis settled on man also but did not pierce. 6. Through no piercing of hosts' skin has actually been seen in nature, indirect evidence suggests that the 3 moths are likely to be occasional blood-suckers. They pierced and sucked blood from the author's skin in experiments. 7. Reasons for lack of direct evidence may be: less developed hematophagy, less favoured hosts, lack of easy-to-pierce injured skin (which also trigger the piercing response), different climatic and phytoecological environment, fewer specimens than in the case of C. eustrigata. 8. Field observations and experiments indicate that the closely related, fruit-piercing Oraesia emarginata is not skin-piercing blood-sucking--a habit likely to be exhibited mainly in humid equatorial regions by a few Calyptra only.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths/anatomy & histology; Moths/growth & development; Moths/physiology*
  8. Fulltext Effects of a sex-ratio distorting endosymbiont on mtDNA variation in a global insect pest
    Delgado AM, Cook JM
    BMC Evol. Biol., 2009;9:49.
    PMID: 19257899 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-49
    Patterns of mtDNA variation within a species reflect long-term population structure, but may also be influenced by maternally inherited endosymbionts, such as Wolbachia. These bacteria often alter host reproductive biology and can drive particular mtDNA haplotypes through populations. We investigated the impacts of Wolbachia infection and geography on mtDNA variation in the diamondback moth, a major global pest whose geographic distribution reflects both natural processes and transport via human agricultural activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths/genetics*; Moths/microbiology
  9. Fulltext Conflict of interest and signal interference lead to the breakdown of honest signaling
    Popat R, Pollitt EJ, Harrison F, Naghra H, Hong KW, Chan KG, et al.
    Evolution, 2015 Sep;69(9):2371-83.
    PMID: 26282874 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12751
    Animals use signals to coordinate a wide range of behaviors, from feeding offspring to predator avoidance. This poses an evolutionary problem, because individuals could potentially signal dishonestly to coerce others into behaving in ways that benefit the signaler. Theory suggests that honest signaling is favored when individuals share a common interest and signals carry reliable information. Here, we exploit the opportunities offered by bacterial signaling to test these predictions with an experimental evolution approach. We show that: (1) reduced relatedness leads to the relative breakdown of signaling, (2) signaling breaks down by the invasion of mutants that show both reduced signaling and reduced response to signal, (3) the genetic route to signaling breakdown is variable, and (4) the addition of artificial signal, to interfere with signal information, also leads to reduced signaling. Our results provide clear support for signaling theory, but we did not find evidence for previously predicted coercion at intermediate relatedness, suggesting that mechanistic details can alter the qualitative nature of specific predictions. Furthermore, populations evolved under low relatedness caused less mortality to insect hosts, showing how signal evolution in bacterial pathogens can drive the evolution of virulence in the opposite direction to that often predicted by theory.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths/microbiology*
  10. Fulltext Silencing the alarm: an insect salivary enzyme closes plant stomata and inhibits volatile release
    Lin PA, Chen Y, Chaverra-Rodriguez D, Heu CC, Zainuddin NB, Sidhu JS, et al.
    New Phytol, 2021 Apr;230(2):793-803.
    PMID: 33459359 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17214
    Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are widely recognized as an ecologically important defensive response of plants against herbivory. Although the induction of this 'cry for help' has been well documented, only a few studies have investigated the inhibition of HIPVs by herbivores and little is known about whether herbivores have evolved mechanisms to inhibit the release of HIPVs. To examine the role of herbivore effectors in modulating HIPVs and stomatal dynamics, we conducted series of experiments combining pharmacological, surgical, genetic (CRISPR-Cas9) and chemical (GC-MS analysis) approaches. We show that the salivary enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOX), secreted by the caterpillar Helicoverpa zea on leaves, causes stomatal closure in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) within 5 min, and in both tomato and soybean (Glycine max) for at least 48 h. GOX also inhibits the emission of several HIPVs during feeding by H. zea, including (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-jasmone and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, which are important airborne signals in plant defenses. Our findings highlight a potential adaptive strategy where an insect herbivore inhibits plant airborne defenses during feeding by exploiting the association between stomatal dynamics and HIPV emission.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths*
  11. Spray coverage and pest management efficacy of a solid set canopy delivery system in high density apples
    Owen-Smith P, Perry R, Wise J, Jamil RZR, Gut L, Sundin G, et al.
    Pest Manag Sci, 2019 Nov;75(11):3050-3059.
    PMID: 30895726 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5421
    BACKGROUND: Air blast sprayers are not optimized for spraying the short statured trees in modern apple orchards, resulting in off target drift and variable coverage. A solid set canopy delivery system (SSCDS) consisting of a microsprayer array distributed throughout the orchard was investigated as a replacement agrochemical application method in this study. SSCDS's have the potential to optimize coverage, rapidly spray applications, and remove the operator and tractor from the orchard.

    RESULTS: Air blast and SSCDS applications were compared using water sensitive paper, bioassays, and pest damage assessments. Pest management and coverage were compared using application volumes of 700 and 795 L ha-1 , respectively. In 2013, adaxial coverage measurements showed no difference between the treatments, but air blast sprayers had higher coverage levels on the abaxial surfaces. There were no significant differences in coverage in 2014. Bioassays using Choristoneura rosaceana fed on leaf discs treated by the SSCDS displayed 95.8% mortality in 2013 and 94.2% mortality in 2014, and air blast treated larval mortality was 95% in 2013 and 100% in 2014. Damage evaluations in both years generally showed no significant differences between the air blast plots and the SSCDS plots, but significant differences between the treated plots and untreated control.

    CONCLUSIONS: The prototype SSCDS was an effective pest management tool in high density apples, and offered a number of advantages over an air blast. Further engineering and research into coverage optimization would offer producers a novel tool for foliar agrochemical applications. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

    Matched MeSH terms: Moths/drug effects*; Moths/growth & development
  12. Fulltext Four new species of the genus Diduga Moore, [1887] (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) from China and Malaysia
    Zhao TT, Han HL
    Zookeys, 2020;985:127-141.
    PMID: 33223877 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.985.54047
    In this paper, four species of the genus Diduga Moore, [1887] from China (Chongqing and Guangdong) and Malaysia (Borneo, Sabah) are described as new to science, namely D. simianshanasp. nov., D. chebalingasp. nov., D. chewisp. nov., and D. hollowayisp. nov. Adults of these species are illustrated in color, and images of the male and female genitalia are provided. A distribution map of the new species is provided, together with an updated checklist of all species of Diduga.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths
  13. Activity evaluation of cocoa pod borer sex pheromone in cacao fields
    Zhang A, Kuang LF, Maisin N, Karumuru B, Hall DR, Virdiana I, et al.
    Environ Entomol, 2008 Jun;37(3):719-24.
    PMID: 18559177
    The previously identified female sex pheromone of cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella, was re-evaluated for its attractive activity in different field conditions. It was found that lures containing 100-mug of synthetic sex pheromone blend, (E,Z,Z)- and (E,E,Z)-4,6,10-hexadecatrienyl acetates, and the corresponding alcohols in a ratio of 40:60:4:6 in a polyethylene vial attracted male C. cramerella moths in Sabah and peninsular Malaysia and in Sumatra and Sulawesi, Indonesia, suggesting that the same pheromone strain existed in a wide stretch of the Indo-Malayan archipelago. Of the three kinds of trap designs tested, the Delta traps were more effective than Pherocon V scale traps. Male captures were not significantly different among traps baited with 100-, 300-, or 1,000-mug doses of sex pheromone. A release rate study of pheromone formulation conducted in the laboratory showed that volatile active ingredients were desorbed from polyethylene vials following first-order kinetics, which indicates a satisfactory "half-life time" of a 100-mug loading is approximately 6 wk under laboratory conditions. A satisfactory attractiveness of the lure with a 100-mug loading was approximately 1-2 mo in the fields.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths/physiology*
  14. Review of the genera Thubana Walker and Torodora Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae) from Sumatra, Indonesia
    Park KT, Heppner JB
    Zootaxa, 2023 Mar 22;5256(5):434-456.
    PMID: 37045213 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.2
    Sumatra is the second largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, but it is one of the most poorly explored areas for species diversity of the family Lecithoceridae, with less than 10 known species. In the present paper, six new species of Thubana Walker, 1864 (T. sumatrana sp. nov., T. spiniosa sp. nov., T. lata sp. nov., T. prapatensis sp. nov., T. siantarensis sp. nov., and T. selenisa sp. nov.) and three new species of Torodora Meyrick (T. diehliella sp. nov., T. exilivalvata sp. nov., and T. squariella sp. nov.) are described from Sumatra. In addition, Thubana ochracea Park & Abang, 2005, which was described from Sarawak, Malaysia, is reported for the first time from Sumatra. Illustrations of adults and genitalia of all new species are given. A list of the known species of the subfamily Torodorinae from Indonesia is provided.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths*
  15. Fulltext Reduced body sizes in climate-impacted Borneo moth assemblages are primarily explained by range shifts
    Wu CH, Holloway JD, Hill JK, Thomas CD, Chen IC, Ho CK
    Nat Commun, 2019 10 10;10(1):4612.
    PMID: 31601806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12655-y
    Both community composition changes due to species redistribution and within-species size shifts may alter body-size structures under climate warming. Here we assess the relative contribution of these processes in community-level body-size changes in tropical moth assemblages that moved uphill during a period of warming. Based on resurvey data for seven assemblages of geometrid moths (>8000 individuals) on Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, in 1965 and 2007, we show significant wing-length reduction (mean shrinkage of 1.3% per species). Range shifts explain most size restructuring, due to uphill shifts of relatively small species, especially at high elevations. Overall, mean forewing length shrank by ca. 5%, much of which is accounted for by species range boundary shifts (3.9%), followed by within-boundary distribution changes (0.5%), and within-species size shrinkage (0.6%). We conclude that the effects of range shifting predominate, but considering species physiological responses is also important for understanding community size reorganization under climate warming.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths/anatomy & histology; Moths/physiology*
  16. A review of the Barsine hypoprepioides (Walker, 1862) species-group, with descriptions of fifteen new species and a new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae)
    Volynkin AV, Černý K, Huang SY
    Zootaxa, 2019 Jun 17;4618(1):zootaxa.4618.1.1.
    PMID: 31716326 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4618.1.1
    The Barsine hypoprepioides (Walker, 1862) species-group is reviewed. Forty seven species and one subspecies belong to the species-group. Among them, fifteen species and one subspecies are new for science and described in the present paper: B. amoenissima sp. n. (Myanmar), B. selene sp. n. (Thailand and Laos), B. cao sp. n. (Thailand, Laos and Vietnam), B. speideli sp. n. (SE China, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam), B. mesomene sp. n. (NE India, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam), B. pandeia sp. n. (Vietnam), B. karenkensis wushipheri ssp. n. (S Taiwan), B. euryphaessa sp. n. (Vietnam), B. ivanovamariae sp. n. (Vietnam and SE China), B. eos sp. n. (Thailand), B. mene sp. n. (Thailand), B. syntypicoida sp. n. (Malaysia and Indonesia), B. dubatolovi sp. n. (The Philippines), B. visaya sp. n. (The Philippines), B. nemea sp. n. (The Philippines) and B. kishidai sp. n. (The Philippines). Eight new combinations are established: B. parameia (Rothschild, 1913), comb. n. B. takamukui (Matsumura, 1927), comb. n., B. karenkensis (Matsumura, 1930), comb. n., B. rhipiptera (Wileman West, 1928), comb. n., B. chi (Roepke, 1946), comb. nov., B. salakia (Schaus, 1922), comb. n., B. marginis (Fang, 1991), comb. nov. and B. dentata (Wileman, 1910), comb. nov. The lectotype is designated for Lithosia hypoprepioides Walker, 1862. Adults, male and female genitalia of all species are illustrated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths*
  17. Fulltext The Effect of Temperature on the Development of Trilocha varians (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) and Control of the Ficus Plant Pest
    Basari N, Mustafa NS, Yusrihan NEN, Yean CW, Ibrahim Z
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2019 Jan;30(1):23-31.
    PMID: 30847031 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2019.30.1.2
    Ficus plants are commonly planted as ornamentals along roadsides in Malaysia. In 2010, Ficus plants in Kuala Terengganu were found to be attacked by a moth, identified as Trilocha varians. The larvae of this moth fed on Ficus leaves causing up to 100% defoliation. This study was conducted to determine the life cycle of T. varians under two different environmental temperatures and to control this pest using two different insecticides. Our findings showed that there were significant differences in the time taken for eggs to hatch and larval and pupation period between low and high environmental temperatures. Results also showed that fipronil had lower LT50 and LT95 than malathion. This study provides new information on the life history of T. varians under two different conditions and the efficiency in controlling T. varians larvae using insecticides. The results of this study are important for future management in controlling T. varians population especially in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths
  18. Cyana fossi, a new species from Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
    Volynkin AV, Ivanova MS
    Zootaxa, 2021 Mar 03;4938(5):zootaxa.4938.5.7.
    PMID: 33756963 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.5.7
    Cyana Walker, 1854 is one of the most species-rich Erebiidae genera within the tribe Lithosiini Billberg of the subfamily Arctiinae Leach. The genus is widespread from Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar through southern and eastern Asia to New Guinea and Australia with a diversity hot spot in South East Asia. A striking species with contrasting red and orange wing pattern, C. bellissima (Moore, 1878) was described from northern India and recorded from the Himalayas, China and Indochina (Fang 2000; Černý Pinratana 2009; Singh et al. 2020). Another closely related species, C. stresemanni (Rothschild, 1936) (= bellissima inouei Kishida, 1993) is distributed in the Peninsular Malaysia (Rothschild 1936; Kishida 1993; Bucsek 2012). During examination of extensive unsorted Lithosiini materials housed in the MWM/ZSM and the private collection of the senior author, a series of peculiar specimens from southern Vietnam provisionally identified as 'C. bellissima' was found. These specimens, however, display certain external differences from other populations of C. bellissima and C. stresemanni, suggesting the presence of a further taxon related to C. bellissima. The examination of the male and the female genitalia of the southern Vietnamese specimens has confirmed their specific distinctness and they are described in this paper as a new species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths*
  19. A review of the Cyana bianca (Walker, 1856) species-group with descriptions of a new species and a new subspecies from Indochina (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae)
    Volynkin AV, ČernÝ K, Ivanova MS
    Zootaxa, 2018 Oct 08;4497(1):82-98.
    PMID: 30313666 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.1.5
    The Cyana bianca (Walker, 1856) species-group is revised. Cyana bianca malayana Bucsek, 2012 is upgraded to the species level. A new species, C. indosinica Volynkin Černý, sp. nov. (China: Yunnan, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam) and a new subspecies, C. quadripartita vieta Volynkin Černý, ssp. nov. (Vietnam) are described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths*
  20. Fulltext Hawkmoths produce anti-bat ultrasound
    Barber JR, Kawahara AY
    Biol Lett, 2013 Aug 23;9(4):20130161.
    PMID: 23825084 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0161
    Bats and moths have been engaged in aerial warfare for nearly 65 Myr. This arms race has produced a suite of counter-adaptations in moths, including bat-detecting ears. One set of defensive strategies involves the active production of sound; tiger moths' ultrasonic replies to bat attack have been shown to startle bats, warn the predators of bad taste and jam their biosonar. Here, we report that hawkmoths in the Choerocampina produce entirely ultrasonic sounds in response to tactile stimulation and the playback of biosonar attack sequences. Males do so by grating modified scraper scales on the outer surface of the genital valves against the inner margin of the last abdominal tergum. Preliminary data indicate that females also produce ultrasound to touch and playback of echolocation attack, but they do so with an entirely different mechanism. The anti-bat function of these sounds is unknown but might include startling, cross-family acoustic mimicry, warning of unprofitability or physical defence and/or jamming of echolocation. Hawkmoths present a novel and tractable system to study both the function and evolution of anti-bat defences.
    Matched MeSH terms: Moths/anatomy & histology; Moths/physiology*
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