Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 25 in total

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  1. Youth–adult partnership: exploring contributions to empowerment, agency and community connections in Malaysian youth programs
    Krauss SE, Collura J, Zeldin S, Ortega A, Abdullah H, Sulaiman AH
    J Youth Adolesc, 2014 Sep;43(9):1550-62.
    PMID: 24122395
    Youth–adult partnership (Y–AP) has emerged as a key practice for enacting two features of effective developmental settings: supportive adult relationships and support for efficacy and mattering. Previous studies have shown that when youth, supported by adults, actively participate in organizational and community decision making they are likely to show greater confidence and agency, empowerment and critical consciousness, and community connections. Most of the extant research on Y–AP is limited to qualitative studies and the identification of organizational best practices. Almost all research focuses on Western sociocultural settings. To address these gaps, 299 youth, age 15 to 24, were sampled from established afterschool and community programs in Malaysia to explore the contribution of Y–AP (operationalized as having two components: youth voice in decision-making and supportive adult relationships) to empowerment, agency and community connections. As hypothesized, hierarchical regressions indicated that program quality (Y–AP, safe environment and program engagement) contributed to agency, empowerment and community connections beyond the contribution of family, school and religion. Additionally, the Y–AP measures contributed substantially more variance than the other measures of program quality on each outcome. Interaction effects indicated differences by age for empowerment and agency but not for community connections. The primary findings in this inquiry replicate those found in previous interview and observational-oriented studies. The data suggests fertile ground for future research while demonstrating that Y–AP may be an effective practice for positive youth development outside of Western settings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power (Psychology)*
  2. Women and nursing in Malaysia: unspoken status
    Birks MJ, Chapman Y, Francis K
    J Transcult Nurs, 2009 Jan;20(1):116-23.
    PMID: 18840886 DOI: 10.1177/1043659608325849
    Since the emergence of nursing as a distinct discipline, its status has mirrored that of women in society in general. As a predominantly female profession, nursing has been subject to oppressive forces that have affected women at various stages of history. Despite improvements in the standing of both women and nursing during the past century, nursing has still failed to achieve its full potential. In Malaysia, sociocultural factors combine to further limit the development of the profession. This article explores how such factors merge with the oppression of nursing globally to influence the status of nursing in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power (Psychology)*
  3. Validation of an abbreviated Sociopolitical Control Scale for Youth among a sample of underresourced urban youth of color
    Lardier DT, Reid RJ, Garcia-Reid P
    J Community Psychol, 2018 11;46(8):996-1009.
    PMID: 30311968 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22087
    Empowerment is a higher order multilevel framework that is used to understand and evaluate individuals, groups, organizations, and communities as they engage in the practice and execution of the participatory process. The intrapersonal component of psychological empowerment has been examined through sociopolitical control and occupies two dimensions: leadership competence and policy control. Though the Sociopolitical Control Scale for Youth (SPCS-Y) has been examined using a 17-item scale, Christens, Krauss, and Zeldin (2016) recently assessed the factorial validity of an abbreviated SPCS-Y among a sample of Malaysian adolescents. Yet, there is a need to further examine this abbreviated SPCS-Y among a sample of U.S adolescents. This study tested the factor structure of the abbreviated SPCS-Y among a sample of urban youth of color (N = 383). Using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) we examined the relationship leadership competence and policy control had with conceptually related variables. Analyses supported the bidimensional factor structure and the factorial validity of the abbreviated SPCS-Y. MANOVA results also indicate that participants with both higher leadership competence and policy control also had higher composite scores among conceptually related variables.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power (Psychology)*
  4. Transformational leadership, empowerment, and job satisfaction: the mediating role of employee empowerment
    Choi SL, Goh CF, Adam MB, Tan OK
    Hum Resour Health, 2016 Dec 01;14(1):73.
    PMID: 27903294
    BACKGROUND: Recent studies have revealed that nursing staff turnover remains a major problem in emerging economies. In particular, nursing staff turnover in Malaysia remains high due to a lack of job satisfaction. Despite a shortage of healthcare staff, the Malaysian government plans to create 181 000 new healthcare jobs by 2020 through the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP). This study investigated the causal relationships among perceived transformational leadership, empowerment, and job satisfaction among nurses and medical assistants in two selected large private and public hospitals in Malaysia. This study also explored the mediating effect of empowerment between transformational leadership and job satisfaction.

    METHODS: This study used a survey to collect data from 200 nursing staff, i.e., nurses and medical assistants, employed by a large private hospital and a public hospital in Malaysia. Respondents were asked to answer 5-point Likert scale questions regarding transformational leadership, employee empowerment, and job satisfaction. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the measurement models and to estimate parameters in a path model. Statistical analysis was performed to examine whether empowerment mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction.

    RESULTS: This analysis showed that empowerment mediated the effect of transformational leadership on the job satisfaction in nursing staff. Employee empowerment not only is indispensable for enhancing job satisfaction but also mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction among nursing staff.

    CONCLUSIONS: The results of this research contribute to the literature on job satisfaction in healthcare industries by enhancing the understanding of the influences of empowerment and transformational leadership on job satisfaction among nursing staff. This study offers important policy insight for healthcare managers who seek to increase job satisfaction among their nursing staff.

    Matched MeSH terms: Power (Psychology)*
  5. Social dominance orientation predicts drive for muscularity among British men
    Swami V, Neofytou RV, Jablonska J, Thirlwell H, Taylor D, McCreary DR
    Body Image, 2013 Sep;10(4):653-6.
    PMID: 23954197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.07.007
    The present study tested the hypothesis that men's drive for muscularity would be associated with their valuation of domination, power, status, and aggression over others. A community sample of 359 men from London, UK, completed measures of drive for muscularity, social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, trait aggression, and need for power, as well as their demographic details. Bivariate correlations showed that greater drive for muscularity was significantly correlated with most of the measures and their subscales. However, in a multiple regression analysis, the only significant predictor of drive for muscularity was support for group-based dominance hierarchies (Adj. R(2)=.17). These results suggest that men's drive for muscularity is associated with a socio-political ideology that favours social dominance.
  6. Perceptions of intimidation and bullying in dental schools: a multi-national study
    Rowland ML, Naidoo S, AbdulKadir R, Moraru R, Huang B, Pau A
    Int Dent J, 2010 Apr;60(2):106-12.
    PMID: 20476716
    OBJECTIVES: To determine first year dental students' perceptions of intimidation by instructors and bullying by fellow students.
    METHODS: Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of first year dental students from seven dental schools representing five countries; one each from Romania, South Africa, Australia and the U.S.A., and three from Malaysia. Self-report questionnaires were administered to participants at least six months after they had commenced their dental degree course during 2005-6.
    RESULTS: Over a third (34.6%) reported that they had been intimidated or badly treated by their tutors/instructors and 17% reported that they had been bullied or badly treated by their fellow students in the recent past. There were statistically significant differences in reports of intimidation by instructors between the different dental schools. Intimidation by instructors was associated with a history of medication use for stress, anxiety and depression, and perceived stress in the past month. There were no statistically significant variations in reports of bullying by fellow students between different dental schools. Bullying by fellow students was associated with dieting to lose weight, self-reported general health and perceived stress.
    CONCLUSIONS: This multi-national study highlights that intimidation and bullying is prevalent within dental teaching and training environments. Future research is needed to explore their impact on students' wellbeing and academic progress as well as on patient care.
    CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Dentists are the best recruiters for the profession. If the dental school experience is a negative one it can have significant impact on the future of the profession
  7. Pathways to Youth Empowerment and Community Connectedness: A Study of Youth-Adult Partnership in Malaysian After-School, Co-Curricular Programs
    Zeldin S, Krauss SE, Kim T, Collura J, Abdullah H
    J Youth Adolesc, 2016 08;45(8):1638-51.
    PMID: 26092232 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0320-2
    After-school programs are prevalent across the world, but there is a paucity of research that examines quality within the "black box" of programs at the point of service. Grounded in current theory, this research examined hypothesized pathways between the experience of youth-adult partnership (youth voice in decision-making; supportive adult relationships), the mediators of program safety and engagement, and the developmental outcomes of youth empowerment (leadership competence, policy control) and community connectedness (community connections, school attachment). Surveys were administered to 207 ethnically diverse (47.3 % female; 63.3 % Malay) youth, age 15-16, attending after-school co-curricular programs in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Results showed that youth voice in program decision-making predicted both indicators of youth empowerment. Neither youth voice nor supportive adult relationships was directly associated with community connectedness, however. Program engagement mediated the associations between youth-adult partnership and empowerment. In contrast, program safety mediated the associations between youth-adult partnership and community connectedness. The findings indicate that the two core components of youth-adult partnership-youth voice and supportive adult relationships-may operate through different, yet complementary, pathways of program quality to predict developmental outcomes. Implications for future research are highlighted. For reasons of youth development and youth rights, the immediate challenge is to create opportunities for youth to speak on issues of program concern and to elevate those adults who are able and willing to help youth exercise their voice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power (Psychology)*
  8. Fulltext Participation and empowerment: determining the healthcare organization’s success
    Haidar, R.T., Ahmad Fareed, A.R., Jamsiah, M.
    Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2010;16(1):38-47.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction : An organization performs well with proper management methods. Participation is a process involving cooperation and collaboration within all levels of individuals, groups or community for the purpose of organization improvement. Empowerment brings the organization further by delegation of power and responsibilities to others for better result.
    Methodology : This is a systematic review on various publications, articles and studies based on the findings and researches conducted by experts and scholars involved with participation and empowerment of organizations.
    Results : Participation and empowerment are crucial in every organization including healthcare. Its success depends on factors such as proper planning, mutual understanding, regular training and continuous education. They contribute towards better outcome in goal setting, decision making, problem solving and organizational development. There are also various levels of empowerment and participation depending on the type of activities, organisation’s performance and level of authority.
    Conclusion : The prerequisite for an organisation’s success is dependent upon holistic participation and appropriate empowerment. The benefits gained from these measures are indeed invaluable. It creates sense of ownership, increases motivation and satisfaction, optimizing resources, promote innovations, enhancing quality and improving efficiency.
  9. Nurses' perceptions of the sustainability of a standardised assessment for preventing complications in a ICU: a qualitative study
    Soh KL, Davidson PM, Leslie G, DiGiacomo M, Soh KG
    Contemp Nurse, 2019 8 14;55(2-3):221-236.
    PMID: 31403398 DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2019.1643751
    Background: Quality improvement projects have been widely adopted to prevent complications in the ICU. Objective: This paper describes nurses' perceptions of implementation strategies and the potential sustainability of a practice change intervention to prevent complications in a Malaysian ICU. Design: A participatory action research using five focus group discussions were undertaken with 19 nurses in a single ICU in regional Malaysia. Focus group transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The main themes derived from the interviews were: [1] Empowering staff to embrace evidence-based practices; [2] Staff knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs that impact on behaviour; and [3] management support and leadership are influential in staff behaviours (acceptance & perseverance of change process). Discussion: Resistance to change was recognized as a barrier to adopting evidence based recommendations. There is a need to improve nurses' knowledge, attitude and awareness of the importance of assessment for VAP, CRBSI and PIs in the ICU.
  10. Grandmothers as gatekeepers? The role of grandmothers in influencing health-seeking for mothers and newborns in rural northern Ghana
    Gupta ML, Aborigo RA, Adongo PB, Rominski S, Hodgson A, Engmann CM, et al.
    Glob Public Health, 2015 Oct;10(9):1078-91.
    PMID: 25635475 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2014.1002413
    Previous research suggests that care-seeking in rural northern Ghana is often governed by a woman's husband or compound head. This study was designed to explore the role grandmothers (typically a woman's mother-in-law) play in influencing maternal and newborn healthcare decisions. In-depth interviews were conducted with 35 mothers of newborns, 8 traditional birth attendants and local healers, 16 community leaders and 13 healthcare practitioners. An additional 18 focus groups were conducted with stakeholders such as household heads, compound leaders and grandmothers. In this region, grandmothers play many roles. They may act as primary support providers to pregnant mothers, care for newborns following delivery, preserve cultural traditions and serve as repositories of knowledge on local medicine. Grandmothers may also serve as gatekeepers for health-seeking behaviour, especially with regard to their daughters and daughters-in-law. This research also sheds light on the potential gap between health education campaigns that target mothers as autonomous decision-makers, and the reality of a more collectivist community structure in which mothers rarely make such decisions without the support of other community members.
  11. Films that deliver
    Shetty P
    Lancet, 2013 May 18;381(9879):1709-10.
    PMID: 23691551
    Matched MeSH terms: Power (Psychology)*
  12. Fulltext Ethnographic Exploration of Empowerment to Improve Elderly Residents' Quality of Life
    Tabatabaei SZ, Ebrahimi F, Hamzah ABH, Rezaeian M, Kamrani MA
    Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res, 2017 Sep-Oct;22(5):414-419.
    PMID: 29034000 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_70_16
    BACKGROUND: Evidence underscores that empowerment is central to improve the elderly residents' quality of life. In truth, empowerment is a process through which individuals gain better control over their life. The aim of this study was to explore how perceived empowerment influence on the quality of life among elderly Malay residents.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A focus ethnographic approach was employed in a Malaysian residential home between May 2011 and January 2012. Data were gathered from participant observations, field notes, in-depth interviews, and exploring related documents.

    RESULTS: The analysis of the data gathered in the current study resulted in the development of three themes - social life and its requirements, caregivers' skills empowerment, and listening and supporting.

    CONCLUSIONS: Findings of the study provide new insights that are useful in charting new guideline for care providers and policy makers to improve the elderly residents' quality of life.
  13. Empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment: a comparative analysis of nurses working in Malaysia and England
    Ahmad N, Oranye NO
    J Nurs Manag, 2010 Jul;18(5):582-91.
    PMID: 20636507 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01093.x
    AIMS: To examine the relationships between nurses' empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment in culturally and developmentally different societies.
    BACKGROUND: Employment and retention of sufficient and well-committed nursing staff are essential for providing safe and effective health care. In light of this, nursing leaders have been searching for ways to re-engineer the healthcare system particularly by providing an environment that is conducive to staff empowerment, job satisfaction and commitment.
    METHODS: This is a descriptive correlational survey of 556 registered nurses (RNs) in two teaching hospitals in England and Malaysia.
    RESULTS: Although the Malaysian nurses felt more empowered and committed to their organization, the English nurses were more satisfied with their job.
    CONCLUSION: The differences between these two groups of nurses show that empowerment does not generate the same results in all countries, and reflects empirical evidence from most cross cultural studies on empowerment.
    IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nursing management should always take into consideration cultural differences in empowerment, job satisfaction and commitment of nursing staff while formulating staff policies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Power (Psychology)*
  14. Fulltext Empowerment approach in community development : an analysis from theory to practice
    Fauziah Ani, Asnarulkhadi Abu Samah, Ma'rof Redzuan, Norbaya Ahmad
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2016;1(1):36-44.
    MyJurnal
    This paper seeks to illustrate how empowerment theory can be applied as a critical approach which
    could heighten power and capacity in community development. This is because empowerment is not
    just viewed through theory or philosophy only, but as an active approach which could be applied to
    enhance individual, oganizational or even communal prosperity. Many communal issues discussed by
    scholars such as poverty, health, women, people with disability, single mothers, youth, leadership, organization and many others utilises the empowerment approach. This is because it is the most
    effective approach in resolving issues by empowering individual or target group to take effective action
    through ability and potential, which have been developed. Discussion will ensue with definition of
    empowerment, which will be elucidated, with the concept of power. In the context of community
    development, empowerment refers to a mechanism where individual, organization and community will
    amass control on life and related issues affecting them such as economy, social, psychology and
    politics. To understand this concept clearly, discussion of empowerment concept will be closely
    examined to view the definition from two different dimensions, which is whether empowerment can be
    ascertained as a process, benefit or outcome. By using the qualitative approach, which is through
    analysing content, books, journals and other references, a few steps or process have been unearthed to
    apply empowerment as an approach, which could be practiced in the context of community
    development specifically in rural areas.
  15. Empowering quality data - the Gordian knot of bringing real innovation into healthcare system
    Horgan D, Hamdi Y, Lal JA, Nyawira T, Meyer S, Kondji D, et al.
    Diagnosis (Berl), 2023 May 01;10(2):140-157.
    PMID: 36548810 DOI: 10.1515/dx-2022-0115
    OBJECTIVES: The introduction of Personalised Medicine (PM) into healthcare systems could benefit from a clearer understanding of the distinct national and regional frameworks around the world. Recent engagement by international regulators on maximising the use of real-world evidence (RWE) has highlighted the scope for improving the exploitation of the treasure-trove of health data that is currently largely neglected in many countries. The European Alliance for Personalised Medicine (EAPM) led an international study aimed at identifying the current status of conditions.

    METHODS: A literature review examined how far such frameworks exist, with a view to identifying conducive factors - and crucial gaps. This extensive review of key factors across 22 countries and 5 regions revealed a wide variety of attitudes, approaches, provisions and conditions, and permitted the construction of a comprehensive overview of the current status of PM. Based on seven key pillars identified from the literature review and expert panels, the data was quantified, and on the basis of further analysis, an index was developed to allow comparison country by country and region by region.

    RESULTS: The results show that United States of America is leading according to overall outcome whereas Kenya scored the least in the overall outcome.

    CONCLUSIONS: Still, common approaches exist that could help accelerate take-up of opportunities even in the less prosperous parts of the world.

  16. Fulltext Empowering precise advertising with Fed-GANCC: A novel federated learning approach leveraging Generative Adversarial Networks and group clustering
    Su C, Wei J, Lei Y, Xuan H, Li J
    PLoS One, 2024;19(4):e0298261.
    PMID: 38598458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298261
    In the realm of targeted advertising, the demand for precision is paramount, and the traditional centralized machine learning paradigm fails to address this necessity effectively. Two critical challenges persist in the current advertising ecosystem: the data privacy concerns leading to isolated data islands and the complexity in handling non-Independent and Identically Distributed (non-IID) data and concept drift due to the specificity and diversity in user behavior data. Current federated learning frameworks struggle to overcome these hurdles satisfactorily. This paper introduces Fed-GANCC, an innovative federated learning framework that synergizes Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Group Clustering. The framework incorporates a user data augmentation algorithm predicated on adversarial generative networks to enrich user behavior data, curtail the impact of non-uniform data distribution, and enhance the applicability of the global machine learning model. Unlike traditional approaches, our framework offers user data augmentation algorithms based on adversarial generative networks, which not only enriches user behavior data but also reduces the challenges posed by non-uniform data distribution, thereby enhancing the applicability of the global machine learning (ML) model. The effectiveness of Fed-GANCC is distinctly showcased through experimental results, outperforming contemporary methods like FED-AVG and FED-SGD in terms of accuracy, loss value, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) indicators within the same computing time. Experimental results vindicate the effectiveness of Fed-GANCC, revealing substantial enhancements in accuracy, loss value, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) metrics compared to FED-AVG and FED-SGD given the same computational time. These outcomes underline Fed-GANCC's exceptional prowess in mitigating issues such as isolated data islands, non-IID data, and concept drift. With its novel approach to addressing the prevailing challenges in targeted advertising such as isolated data islands, non-IID data, and concept drift, the Fed-GANCC framework stands as a benchmark, paving the way for future advancements in federated learning solutions tailored for the advertising domain. The Fed-GANCC framework promises to offer pivotal insights for the future development of efficient and advanced federated learning solutions for targeted advertising.
  17. Fulltext Empowering Precision Medicine: Unlocking Revolutionary Insights through Blockchain-Enabled Federated Learning and Electronic Medical Records
    Ali A, Al-Rimy BAS, Tin TT, Altamimi SN, Qasem SN, Saeed F
    Sensors (Basel), 2023 Aug 28;23(17).
    PMID: 37687931 DOI: 10.3390/s23177476
    Precision medicine has emerged as a transformative approach to healthcare, aiming to deliver personalized treatments and therapies tailored to individual patients. However, the realization of precision medicine relies heavily on the availability of comprehensive and diverse medical data. In this context, blockchain-enabled federated learning, coupled with electronic medical records (EMRs), presents a groundbreaking solution to unlock revolutionary insights in precision medicine. This abstract explores the potential of blockchain technology to empower precision medicine by enabling secure and decentralized data sharing and analysis. By leveraging blockchain's immutability, transparency, and cryptographic protocols, federated learning can be conducted on distributed EMR datasets without compromising patient privacy. The integration of blockchain technology ensures data integrity, traceability, and consent management, thereby addressing critical concerns associated with data privacy and security. Through the federated learning paradigm, healthcare institutions and research organizations can collaboratively train machine learning models on locally stored EMR data, without the need for data centralization. The blockchain acts as a decentralized ledger, securely recording the training process and aggregating model updates while preserving data privacy at its source. This approach allows the discovery of patterns, correlations, and novel insights across a wide range of medical conditions and patient populations. By unlocking revolutionary insights through blockchain-enabled federated learning and EMRs, precision medicine can revolutionize healthcare delivery. This paradigm shift has the potential to improve diagnosis accuracy, optimize treatment plans, identify subpopulations for clinical trials, and expedite the development of novel therapies. Furthermore, the transparent and auditable nature of blockchain technology enhances trust among stakeholders, enabling greater collaboration, data sharing, and collective intelligence in the pursuit of advancing precision medicine. In conclusion, this abstract highlights the transformative potential of blockchain-enabled federated learning in empowering precision medicine. By unlocking revolutionary insights from diverse and distributed EMR datasets, this approach paves the way for a future where healthcare is personalized, efficient, and tailored to the unique needs of each patient.
  18. Empowering Malaysian dentists to tobacco dependence treatment conduct
    Nordin AS, Kadir RA, Yahya NA, Zakaria H, Rashid RA, Habil MH
    Int Dent J, 2014 Aug;64(4):206-12.
    PMID: 24835463 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12110
    As a signatory to the World Health Organisation 2003 Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, Malaysia has policies in place and funded 300 public Quit clinics. Unfortunately, government dentists are not included to run tobacco dependence treatment. A cross-sectional exploratory survey was carried out to seek Malaysian dentists' opinion on their knowledge, perception and willingness to conduct tobacco dependence treatment. Participation was voluntary from those who attended a specially designed one-day, four-module workshop on tobacco cessation intervention. Data were collected using the Audience-Response-System equipment which tracked immediate responses covering four domains namely: smoking as a public health problem, smoking as an addiction, the role of dentists in the programme and confidence in conducting smoking cessation in the clinic. Sample comprised more female dentists (73.5%), mean age 33.6 (SD 8.99) years and with more than 3 years working experience. Findings indicated that the majority agreed Malaysia has a rising problem in the prevalence of smoking (71.6%) and predicted that it will affect mostly the young (81.9%). Only half of the dentists surveyed (58.9%) routinely recorded their patients' smoking habits. The majority (71.6%) believed that dentists are effective in helping their patient to stop smoking and 76.3% agreed that dentists should discuss the smoking habit with their patients; however, 60% agreed that doing so is too time consuming. In addition, only 24.7% knew of more ways to treat a smoking habit. The majority felt comfortable giving advice to patients about changing their habits (76.5%) or discussing treatment options (60.5%): 75% would opt for a combined programme of counselling and use of medication if they have to do, 15% would choose to go on counselling only, while 8% did not want to treat. In conclusion, the findings suggest that dentists have a strong potential to contribute significantly to providing smoking cessation treatment if adequately trained.
  19. Fulltext Effectiveness of vision screening training module in improving the level of knowledge on vision screening among pre-school teachers in Klang Valley Malaysia
    Omar, R., Knight, V.F., Tan, X.L., Ahmad Zahidi A.A., Mohd Saat, N.Z.
    JUMMEC, 2019;22(1):58-65.
    MyJurnal
    Empowering lay screeners, such as pre-school teachers, on vision screening is a cost-effective way to
    ensure larger populations of children can be screened. Although the validity of lay screeners in conducting
    vision screening were reported in several studies, none showed data concerning improvement of the level
    of knowledge among lay screeners after completing vision screening training, which could indicate the
    effectiveness of the training program. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of pre-school
    teachers before and after attending a training program. Sixty pre-school teachers from Tabika and Taska KEMAS
    were randomly selected. The Study Group (n = 30) was given theory and practical training on vision screening,
    whereas the Control Group (n = 30) was only given brief verbal instructions on how to conduct the screening. A
    theory test containing 15 questions related to the training modules were administered to both groups, before
    and after their training/briefing respectively. The findings showed that the level of knowledge among preschool
    teachers in the Study Group (73.24 ± 11.73%) was significantly higher than the Control Group (56.22
    ± 13.11%) (p < 0.01). There was also a significant improvement in the level of knowledge among pre-school
    teachers in the Study Group after the training (p
  20. Fulltext Domestic violence and decision-making power of married women in Myanmar: analysis of a nationally representative sample
    Kabir R, Haque M, Mohammadnezhad M, Samad N, Mostari S, Jabin S, et al.
    Ann Saudi Med, 2019 12 05;39(6):395-402.
    PMID: 31804139 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2019.395
    BACKGROUND: Women in Myanmar are not considered decision makers in the community and the physical and psychological effect of violence makes them more vulnerable. There is a strong negative reaction, usually violent, to any economic activity generated by women among poorer and middle-class families in Myanmar because a woman's income is not considered necessary for basic survival.

    OBJECTIVE: Explore the relationship between domestic violence on the decision-making power of married women in Myanmar.

    DESIGN: Cross-sectional.

    SETTING: National, both urban and rural areas of Myanmar.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16 were used in this analysis. In that survey, married women aged between 15 to 49 years were selected for interview using a multistage cluster sampling technique. The dependent variables were domestic violence and the decision-making power of women. Independent variables were age of the respondents, educational level, place of residence, employment status, number of children younger than 5 years of age and wealth index.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Domestic violence and decision-making power of women.

    SAMPLE SIZE: 7870 currently married women.

    RESULTS: About 50% respondents were 35 to 49 years of age and the mean (SD) age was 35 (8.4) years. Women's place of residence and employment status had a significant impact on decision-making power whereas age group and decision-making power of women had a relationship with domestic violence.

    CONCLUSION: Giving women decision making power will be indispensable for the achievement of sustainable development goals. Government and other stakeholders should emphasize this to eliminate violence against women.

    LIMITATIONS: Use of secondary data analysis of cross-sectional study design and cross-sectional studies are not suitable design to assess this causality. Secondly the self-reported data on violence may be subject to recall bias.

    CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

    Matched MeSH terms: Power (Psychology)*
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