MyMedR

[Incidence of diarrhea and antibiotic therapy in cynomolgus monkeys imported for medical use (author's transl)]

Takasaka M, Morota S, Kasono T, Abe M, Honjo S

Jikken Dobutsu, 1973 Jul;22(3):227-36.

PMID: 4204642

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella flexneri/isolation & purification; Shigella sonnei/isolation & purification

Ultrasensitive pathogen detection with a rolling circle amplification-empowered multiplex electrochemical DNA sensor

Yeap CSY, Chaibun T, Lee SY, Zhao B, Jan Y, La-O-Vorakiat C, et al.

Chem Commun (Camb), 2021 Nov 16;57(91):12155-12158.

PMID: 34726213 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05181d

We report a highly sensitive and selective multiplex assay by empowering an electrochemical DNA sensor with isothermal rolling circle amplification. The assay could simultaneously detect and discriminate three common entero-pathogens in a single reaction, with femtomolar sensitivity. It is useful for field- or resource-limited settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella flexneri/isolation & purification*

Fulltext The occurrence of enteric bacteria on lettuce leaves sold in local markets in Penang, Malaysia

Chapman SJ

Med J Malaysia, 1980 Sep;35(1):7-8.

PMID: 7254003

A survey of lettuce sold in Penang markets showed them to be heavily contaminated with faecal coliforms and nearly half the samples were positive for Salmonella or Shigella. The use of night soil on these vegetables is a likely cause of gastroenteritis.

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella/isolation & purification*

Fulltext The Antibacterial Activity of Dayak Onion (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) towards Pathogenic Bacteria

Harlita TD, Oedjijono, Asnani A

Trop Life Sci Res, 2018 Jul;29(2):39-52.

PMID: 30112140 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2018.29.2.4

Antibacterial activity of indigenous Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) was investigated. The Dayak onion was solvent extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol 96% consecutively. Each extract was tested its antibacterial activity towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Bacillus cereus, Shigella sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using disc diffusion method. The test results showed that the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol 96% extracts positively inhibited the growth of MRSA, B. cereus, Shigella sp., and P. aeruginosa. The highest inhibition activity of each extract was obtained with 10 mg/mL of extract concentration; whereas the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each extract was 2 mg/mL. Extract with the highest inhibition activity was ethyl acetate extract against B. cereus (139.58%). TLC evaluation of ethyl acetate extract showed four spots and bioautography indicated that ethyl acetate extract contained four types of compounds with inhibition activity against B. cereus, in which two compounds have higher antibacterial activity than the other two.

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella

Fulltext Temperature-regulated expression of outer membrane proteins in Shigella flexneri

Harikrishnan H, Ismail A, Banga Singh KK

Gut Pathog, 2013;5(1):38.

PMID: 24330657 DOI: 10.1186/1757-4749-5-38

Bacteria exist widely in a diversity of natural environments. In order to survive adverse conditions such as nutrient depletion, biochemical and biological disturbances, and high temperature, bacteria have developed a wide variety of coping mechanisms. Temperature is one of the most important factors that can enhance the expression of microbial proteins. This study was conducted to investigate how outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of the bacterium Shigella flexneri respond to stress, especially during fever when the host's body temperature is elevated.

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella flexneri

Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in South East Asia

Williams JD, Moosdeen F, Teoh-Chan CH, Lim VK, Jayanetra P

Eur J Epidemiol, 1989 Jun;5(2):207-13.

PMID: 2504618

Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Salmonella and Shigella, requires surveillance worldwide. This study describes results of surveys in Hong Kong, Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur. All strains were isolated in hospitals which have large community catchment areas in addition to specialised hospital units. The prevalence of resistant strains was high in all areas. Gram-negative bacteria such as Enterobacter associated with hospital infections were resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins, with gentamicin resistance ranging from about 20% in Kuala Lumpur and Hong Kong, to 35% in Bangkok. Ninety-seven percent of Shigella isolated in Thailand were resistant to ampicillin. About 10% of Salmonella were resistant to chloramphenicol in all three centres.

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella/drug effects

Studies of bacterial disease in West Malaysian Orang Asli. Distribution of enteropathogens

Haug NL, Davis CE, Anandan J, Lim TW

Med J Malaya, 1969 Sep;24(1):24-31.

PMID: 4243839

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella dysenteriae/isolation & purification

Fulltext Species distribution and antibiotic resistance of shigella isolates in an urban community in Malaysia

Lee WS, Puthucheary SD

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Jun;58(2):262-7.

PMID: 14569747 MyJurnal

There is an increasing trend for Shigella isolates worldwide to be resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. The species distribution and antibiotic resistance of Shigella species isolated from children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 1978 to 1997 was reviewed. Three hundred and eighty six isolates were positive for Shigella species, representing 1.4% (95% CI: 1.3%-1.6%) of the 26320 total stool specimens and 13% (95% CI: 11.8%-14.2%) of 2986 isolates positive for bacterial pathogens. Shigella flexneri, constituting 74% of all isolates in the first five years of the study, decreased by 40% during the last five years (95% CI of decrease: 22.1%-57.9%), p-value < 0.0001) to 34%. There was a significant reduction (chi2 for linear trend = 77.6, p-value < 0.001) in the number of Shigella isolates as a percentage of total stool isolates obtained. 58% of the 241 isolates tested for antibiotic sensitivity were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 42% wEre multi-resistant to three or more antibiotics. Shigella species was not a common pathogen among children admitted with diarrhoea in Kuala Lumpur, and was more likely to be resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics.

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella/drug effects*

Shigellosis in Kobe City, Japan, after school excursion to Malaysia and Singapore

Kimura T, Inoue A, Kawakami Y, Shirai C

Jpn J Infect Dis, 2006 Aug;59(4):274.

PMID: 16936352

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella sonnei/isolation & purification*

Fulltext Shigella vulvovaginitis in a three-year-old child: a case report

Cheong YM, Jegathesan M, Lim YS

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Mar;39(1):92-4.

PMID: 6392838

This is a report of a case of vulvovaginitis due to Shigella flexneri in a three-year-old child. This is probably the first documented case of shigella vulvovaginitis In Malaysia. The patient was successfully treated with cotrimoxazole. Extraintestinal infections by Shigella are rare and are briefly reviewed in this article.

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella flexneri/isolation & purification

Fulltext Shigella flexneri serotype 1c derived from serotype 1a by acquisition of gtrIC gene cluster via a bacteriophage

Tang SS, Carlin NI, Talukder KA, Cam PD, Verma NK

BMC Microbiol, 2016 Jun 27;16(1):127.

PMID: 27349637 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0746-z

BACKGROUND: Shigella spp. are the primary causative agents of bacillary dysentery. Since its emergence in the late 1980s, the S. flexneri serotype 1c remains poorly understood, particularly with regard to its origin and genetic evolution. This article provides a molecular insight into this novel serotype and the gtrIC gene cluster that determines its unique immune recognition.

RESULTS: A PCR of the gtrIC cluster showed that serotype 1c isolates from different geographical origins were genetically conserved. An analysis of sequences flanking the gtrIC cluster revealed remnants of a prophage genome, in particular integrase and tRNA(Pro) genes. Meanwhile, Southern blot analyses on serotype 1c, 1a and 1b strains indicated that all the tested serotype 1c strains may have had a common origin that has since remained distinct from the closely related 1a and 1b serotypes. The identification of prophage genes upstream of the gtrIC cluster is consistent with the notion of bacteriophage-mediated integration of the gtrIC cluster into a pre-existing serotype.

CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show that serotype 1c isolates from different geographical origins share an identical pattern of genetic arrangement, suggesting that serotype 1c strains may have originated from a single parental strain. Analysis of the sequence around the gtrIC cluster revealed a new site for the integration of the serotype converting phages of S. flexneri. Understanding the origin of new pathogenic serotypes and the molecular basis of serotype conversion in S. flexneri would provide information for developing cross-reactive Shigella vaccines.

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella flexneri/genetics*; Shigella flexneri/immunology; Shigella flexneri/virology*

Serotype prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Shigella strains isolated in Malaysia during 1980 and 1981

Jegathesan M

J Diarrhoeal Dis Res, 1984 Jun;2(2):102-4.

PMID: 6501820

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella/classification; Shigella/drug effects*

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Shigella isolated in Malaysia

Thong KL, Hoe CH, Koh YT, Yasin RM

J Health Popul Nutr, 2002 Dec;20(4):356-8.

PMID: 12659418

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella/drug effects; Shigella/isolation & purification*

Pengesahan bagi mengesan bakteria patogen makanan menggunakan teknologi mikroaturan DNA

SAWEI J, NORRAKIAH ABDULLAH SANI, AMINAH ABDULLAH, SAHILAH ABD. MUTALIB

Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1715-1720.

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengesahkan kemampuan teknologi DNA mikroaturan cip gen OliproTM FoodPATH bagi mengesan bakteria patogen makanan. Sebanyak 9 jenis DNA bakteria patogen makanan telah digunakan iaitu Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. dan Campylobacter spp. Sebanyak 36 kombinasi templat DNA bakteria patogen makanan telah digunakan. Pengesahan bagi mengesan bakteria patogen makanan dilakukan dengan menggunakan kaedah reaksi berantai polimerase (PCR) dan penghibridan Southern-blotting di atas cip gen untuk mengesahkan kemampuannya. Keputusan daripada analisis hibridasi di atas cip gen telah dibandingkan dengan hasil gel elektroforesis 2.0% (w/v). Lima saringan diperlukan untuk menghabiskan 36 kombinasi templat DNA bakteria patogen makanan. Setiap saringan, satu cip gen telah digunakan sebagai kawalan negatif tidak diinokulasikan dengan sebarang kombinasi DNA bakteria patogen makanan. Daripada hasil kajian, didapati bahawa semua kombinasi templat DNA bakteria patogen makanan telah dapat dikesan. Cip yang digunakan sebagai kawalan negatif tidak menunjukkan kehadiran DNA. Oleh itu, daripada kajian ini cip gen OliproTM FoodPATH didapati memberikan keputusan yang lebih baik berbanding dengan 2.0% (w/v) gel elektroforesis.

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella

Fulltext Outer membrane proteins analysis of Shigella sonnei and evaluation of their antigenicity in Shigella infected individuals

Harikrishnan H, Banga Singh KK, Ismail A

PLoS One, 2017;12(8):e0182878.

PMID: 28846684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182878

Bacillary dysentery caused by infection with Shigella spp. remains as serious and common health problem throughout the world. It is a highly multi drug resistant organism and rarely identified from the patient at the early stage of infection. S. sonnei is the most frequently isolated species causing shigellosis in industrialized countries. The antigenicity of outer membrane protein of this pathogen expressed during human infection has not been identified to date. We have studied the antigenic outer membrane proteins expressed by S. sonnei, with the aim of identifying presence of specific IgA and IgG in human serum against the candidate protein biomarkers. Three antigenic OMPs sized 33.3, 43.8 and 100.3 kDa were uniquely recognized by IgA and IgG from patients with S. sonnei infection, and did not cross-react with sera from patients with other types of infection. The antigenic proteome data generated in this study are a first for OMPs of S. sonnei, and they provide important insights of human immune responses. Furthermore, numerous prime candidate proteins were identified which will aid the development of new diagnostic tools for the detection of S. sonnei.

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella sonnei/immunology*; Shigella sonnei/isolation & purification; Shigella sonnei/metabolism

Multiple drug resistance and the presence of R factors in enteric pathogens

Sng EH, Lam S

Med J Malaya, 1971 Jun;25(4):301-4.

PMID: 4261307

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella/drug effects*; Shigella sonnei/drug effects

Isolation of a Plesiomonas shigelloides in Malaysia

Ampalam SD, Fang L

Med J Malaya, 1971 Jun;25(4):282-4.

PMID: 4261301

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella/classification; Shigella/isolation & purification*; Shigella sonnei/isolation & purification

Immigrant Health Study. 3. Foreign workers' study microbiological investlgations. [Abstract]

Lam SK, Ng KP, Ngeow YF, Puthucheary SD

JUMMEC, 1998;3:61-62.

During the study period, a total of 241 foreign workers were examined. The countries represented were Indonesia (103), Bangladesh (133), Myanmar (I), Pakistan (3) and others (1). The specimens collected were blood (238) and stool samples (173). The tests conducted on blood samples were for syphilis by RPR and TPHA, HIV, Hepatitis B, and from stool samples, enteric pathogens such as Salirzoirella spp, Shigelln spp. and Vibrio clrolerne. Table I shows the type of tests performed on the various nationalities and Table 2 the results of testing. Of the 230 blood samples tested by RPWPHA, five were positive, one from Indonesia (1.09%) and four from Bangladesh (3.79%). There was only one sample of blood out of 238 tested which was HIV positive (0.42%) and this was in an Indonesian. Twenty three workers were found to be Hepatitis B antigen positive (9.66%), 10 out of 102 (9.80%) from Indonesia and 13 out of 131 from Bangladesh (9.92%). As for the entric bacterial pathogens, only six out of 173 stool samples tested were positive, five for Saliizoilella Spp. and one for Slligdla sp. Of the five positives for Salmonella, one was from Indonesia and four from Bangladesh. The single isolate of Shigella was from Pakistan. From this pretiniinary study, it is obvious that hepatitis B is the most important problem among the workers from Indonesia and Bangladesh. The second of importance is venereal disease and enteric bacteria among Bangladesh workers. The other three national groups are too small to be analyzed. It is interesting to note that although these workers are supposed to have been screened for venereal diseases, a number of them were still found to be positive. However, we are not certain that these might not have been acquired locally. There was only one case of HIV detected but if the foreign workers continue with their pronliscuous lifestyle they are likely to pick up other sexually transmitted diseases including HIV and chlamydia1 infections. For those who were found to be stool positive for enteric pathogens, it is important to determine whether they are food-handlers as they will prove a significant risk for the spread of infections. Originally, it was intended to test blood samples for hepatitis C and E markers since the incidence in foreign countries from which the workers come are higher. However, due to the shortage of the samples, this had to be deferred. In the light that hepatitis carriage rate is the highest for the microbes tested, it is important to include these two markers in future studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella

Health problems of foreign workers - Microbiological investigations

Ngeow YF, Ng KP, Puthucheary SD, Lam SK

JUMMEC, 2002;7:67-69.

Foreign workers in Malaysia are screened for certain infectious diseases prior to their entry to the country but some escape medical screening and others acquire infection during their stay in the country. The Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya was commissioned to study the impact of foreign labour on the local health system and, as part of the investigations, 584 foreign workers attending local outpatient clinics were examined for serological evidence of syphilis, HIV infection, viral hepatitis B, C and E, as well as for enteric infections by Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio cholerae. The results showed that apart from viral hepatitis E, the prevalence rates of the infections looked for were not notably higher than those for the general Malaysian population. The seroprevalence rates obtained were 2.6% for syphilis, 0.2% HIV infection, 3.8% viral hepatitis B, 1.0% viral hepatitis C, 14.4% viral hepatitis E. The detection of HEV IgM in 7.7% of the workers screened indicates that these infections could have been acquired during their stay in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella

Fulltext Fulminant hepatic failure and shigella bacteremia

Abidin Z, Iyngkaran N, Puthucheary SD

Med J Malaysia, 1983 Jun;38(2):112-3.

PMID: 6353185

A three and a half year old boy with shigellosis developed fulminant hepatic failure. The hepatic derangements rapidly improved over a period of two weeks after treatment of the shigellosis with parenteral gentamicin. We believe this is the first documented report of fulminant hepatic failure due to shigella sepsis.

Matched MeSH terms: Shigella flexneri/isolation & purification

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