Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 200 in total

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  1. Aluminium removal and recovery from wastewater and soil using isolated indigenous bacteria
    Purwanti IF, Kurniawan SB, Ismail N', Imron MF, Abdullah SRS
    J Environ Manage, 2019 Nov 01;249:109412.
    PMID: 31445374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109412
    This paper elucidates the capability of isolated indigenous bacteria to remove aluminium from wastewater and soil. Two indigenous species of Brochothrix thermosphacta and Vibrio alginolyticus were isolated from an aluminium-contaminated site. These two species were used to treat aluminium-containing wastewater and contaminated soil using the bioaugmentation method. B. thermosphacta showed the highest aluminium removal of 57.87 ± 0.45% while V. alginolyticus can remove aluminium up to 59.72 ± 0.33% from wastewater. For aluminium-contaminated soil, B. thermosphacta and V. alginolyticus, showed a highest removal of only 4.58 ± 0.44% and 5.48 ± 0.58%, respectively. The bioaugmentation method is more suitable to be used to treat aluminium in wastewater compared to contaminated soil. The produced biomass separation after wastewater treatment was so much easier and applicable, compared to the produced biomass handling from contaminated soil treatment. A 48.55 ± 2.45% and 40.12 ± 4.55% of aluminium can be recovered from B. thermosphacta and V. alginolyticus biomass, respectively, with 100 mg/L initial aluminium concentration in wastewater.
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants*
  2. Fulltext Frequency distribution of foliar nickel is bimodal in the ultramafic flora of Kinabalu Park (Sabah, Malaysia)
    van der Ent A, Echevarria G, Nkrumah PN, Erskine PD
    Ann Bot, 2020 10 30;126(6):1017-1027.
    PMID: 32597938 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa119
    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this study was to test the frequency distributions of foliar elements from a large dataset from Kinabalu Park (Sabah, Malaysia) for departure from unimodality, indicative of a distinct ecophysiological response associated with hyperaccumulation.

    METHODS: We collected foliar samples (n = 1533) comprising 90 families, 198 genera and 495 plant species from ultramafic soils, further foliar samples (n = 177) comprising 45 families, 80 genera and 120 species from non-ultramafic soils and corresponding soil samples (n = 393 from ultramafic soils and n = 66 from non-ultramafic soils) from Kinabalu Park (Sabah, Malaysia). The data were geographically (Kinabalu Park) and edaphically (ultramafic soils) constrained. The inclusion of a relatively high proportion (approx. 14 %) of samples from hyperaccumulator species [with foliar concentrations of aluminium and nickel (Ni) >1000 μg g-1, cobalt, copper, chromium and zinc >300 μg g-1 or manganese (Mn) >10 mg g-1] allowed for hypothesis testing.

    KEY RESULTS: Frequency distribution graphs for most elements [calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P)] were unimodal, although some were skewed left (Mg and Mn). The Ni frequency distribution was bimodal and the separation point for the two modes was between 250 and 850 μg g-1.

    CONCLUSIONS: Accounting for statistical probability, the established empirical threshold value (>1000 μg g-1) remains appropriate. The two discrete modes for Ni indicate ecophysiologically distinct behaviour in plants growing in similar soils. This response is in contrast to Mn, which forms the tail of a continuous (approximately log-normal) distribution, suggestive of an extension of normal physiological processes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants*
  3. Effect of walnut shell biochars on soil quality, crop yields, and weed dynamics in a 4-year field experiment
    Safaei Khorram M, Zhang G, Fatemi A, Kiefer R, Mahmood A, Jafarnia S, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020 May;27(15):18510-18520.
    PMID: 32198685 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08335-w
    The introduction of biochar has been extensively tested under short-term greenhouse or field studies mainly in sandy or acidic soils, while its effects on soil properties, crop plants, and weed species especially in neutral or alkaline soils are still not well understood. Therefore, this study focused on relatively long effects of two walnut shell biochars (5 t ha-1) on soil nutrient dynamics, two crop plants (wheat and lentil) growth and developments, and weed growth dynamics over 4 years (2014-2017). Applied biochar added once at the beginning of the experiment while planted crops were supplied with macro-nutrients and sprayed with pesticides according to conventional requirements of the region. Biochars improved soil properties by 10-23% during the first and second years while positive effects of biochars on weed growth were drastically higher (60-78% higher weed density) during the whole period of this study most likely due to increase in bioavailability of nutrient shortly after biochar amendment and indirect positive effects of biochars on soil physical properties as well. Consequently, biochar macro- and micro-nutrient will be utilized by weed plants with higher efficacy compared with crop plants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants/analysis*
  4. Current Trends on the Effects of Metal-Based Nanoparticles on Microbial Ecology
    Rawat J, Kumar V, Ahlawat P, Tripathi LK, Tomar R, Kumar R, et al.
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2023 Oct;195(10):6168-6182.
    PMID: 36847986 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04386-0
    The growing field of nanotechnology and its many applications have led to the irregular release of nanoparticles (NPs), with unintended effects on the environment and continued contamination of water bodies. Metallic NPs are used more frequently in extreme environmental conditions due to their higher efficiency, which attracts more attention in various applications. Due to improper pre-treatment of biosolids, inefficient wastewater treatment practices, and other unregulated agricultural practices continue to contaminate the environment. In particular, the uncontrolled use of NPs in various industrial applications has led to damage to the microbial flora and caused irreplaceable damage to animals and plants. This study focuses on the effect of different doses, types, and compositions of NP on the ecosystem. The review also mentions the impact of various metallic NPs on microbial ecology, their interactions with microorganisms, ecotoxicity studies, and dosage evaluation of the NPs, mainly focused on the review article. However, further research is still needed to understand the complexity of interactions between NPs and microbes in soil and aquatic ecosystems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants*
  5. Adsorption study of 14C-paraquat in two Malaysian agricultural soils
    Muhamad H, Ismail BS, Sameni M, Mat N
    Environ Monit Assess, 2011 May;176(1-4):43-50.
    PMID: 20582739 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1565-6
    The adsorption equilibrium time and effects of pH and concentration of (14)C-labeled paraquat (1,1(')-dimethyl-4,4(')-bipyridylium dichloride) in two types of Malaysian soil were investigated. The soils used in the study were clay loam and clay soils from rice fields. Equilibrium studies of paraquat in a soil and pesticide solution were conducted. Adsorption equilibrium time was achieved within 2 h for both soil types. The amount of (14)C-labeled paraquat adsorbed onto glass surfaces increased with increasing shaking time and remained constant after 10 h. It was found that paraquat adsorbed by the two soils was very similar: 51.73 (clay loam) and 51.59 μ g g(-1) (clay) at 1 μ g/ml. The adsorption of paraquat onto both types of soil was higher at high pH, and adsorption decreased with decreasing pH. At pH 11, the amounts of (14)C-labeled paraquat adsorbed onto the clay loam and clay soil samples were 4.08 and 4.05 μ g g(-1), respectively, whereas at pH 2, the amounts adsorbed were 3.72 and 3.57 μ g g(-1), respectively. Results also suggested that paraquat sorption by soil is concentration dependent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants/analysis*; Soil Pollutants/chemistry*
  6. Levels of 137Cs in soils and vegetation of West Malaysia
    Lowe BG
    Health Phys, 1978 May;34(5):439-44.
    PMID: 568609
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants/analysis*; Soil Pollutants, Radioactive/analysis*
  7. The application of surfactant colloidal gas aphrons to remediate contaminated soil: A review
    Tao W, Mei C, Hamzah N
    J Contam Hydrol, 2020 May;231:103620.
    PMID: 32126294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103620
    Surfactant solutions have been frequently studied for soil remediation. However, since they are expensive, massive consumption of surfactant solution can constrain their application. Surfactant microbubbles, or colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs), can serve as cost effective alternatives of surfactant solution because the use of CGAs reduce the amount of surfactant consumption. Moreover, CGAs can also improve the contact with the contaminated environment due to their unique surface properties, e.g. containing 40-70% of gas, small size, large interfacial areas, water-like flow properties and buoyant rise velocities. In this review paper, the properties and flow character of CGAs in soil matrix reviewed due to their relevance to soil remediation process. A comprehensive overview of the application of CGAs in flushing off organic pollutants and heavy metals, and carrying oxygen, bacteria and dissolved materials for soil remediation were provided. This paper also highlighted the limitation of CGAs application and important future research scopes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants/analysis*
  8. Evaluating the toxicity of polyurethane during marine clay stabilisation
    Saleh S, Ahmad K, Mohd Yunus NZ, Hezmi MA
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020 Jun;27(17):21252-21259.
    PMID: 32266626 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08549-y
    In civil engineering, many geotechnical and forensic projects employ polyurethane (PU) for ground improvement, and the results have shown to be effective in terms of time and cost savings. However, similar to many other chemical stabilisers, the use of PU for soil stabilisation may have environmental repercussions. Therefore, this paper utilised a toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) to investigate the potential for ground contamination resulting from the application of PU for the stabilisation of marine clay. Furthermore, the hazardousness of PU during the stabilisation of marine clay was investigated by testing its reactivity, ignitability, corrosivity and physical properties. The results reveal that the quantity of heavy metals present in PU is far below the regulatory limits. The results further confirm that PU is odourless and non-corrosive and that it is non-cyanide and non-sulphide-bearing. However, PU is capable of igniting. Overall, the potential application of PU for ground improvement is promising due to its environmental friendliness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants/analysis*
  9. Multi-element concentrations in plant parts and fluids of Malaysian nickel hyperaccumulator plants and some economic and ecological considerations
    van der Ent A, Mulligan D
    J Chem Ecol, 2015 Apr;41(4):396-408.
    PMID: 25921447 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-015-0573-y
    Information about multi-elemental concentrations in different plant parts of tropical Ni hyperaccumulator species has the potential to provide insight into their unusual metabolism relative to a range of essential and non-essential elements, but this information is scant in the literature. As Ni hyperaccumulation, and possibly co-accumulation of other toxic elements, has been hypothesized to provide herbivore (insect) protection, there is a need to quantify a range of these elements in plant tissues and transport fluids to at least verify the possibility of this explanation. In this study, multiple elements were analyzed in a range of different plant parts and transport fluids from Ni hyperaccumulator species collected from Sabah (Malaysia). The results show preferential accumulation of Ni in leaves over woody parts, but the highest concentrations were found in the phloem tissue (up to 7.9 % in Rinorea bengalensis) and phloem sap (up to 16.9 % in Phyllanthus balgooyi), visible by a bright green coloration in the field fresh material. The amount of Ni contained in one mature R. bengalensis tree was calculated at 4.77 kg. The high Ni concentration in the flowers of Phyllanthus securinegoides could affect insect floral visitors and pollination. High concentrations of Ni in the seeds of this species also could supply the seedling with Ni and aid in herbivory protection during the first stages of development. Foliar Ca and Ni in P. cf. securinegoides and R. bengalensis are positively correlated. Low accumulation of Ca is desirable for phytomining but concentrations of Ca are high in most Ni hyperaccumulators examined, and this could have consequences for the economic viability of Ni extraction from bio ore if these species were to be used as 'metal crops'.
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants/metabolism*
  10. Tradeoffs among yield, cadmium bioavailability, nitrous oxide emission and bacterial community stability: Effects of iron-modified woody peat and nitrification inhibitors on soil-vegetable systems
    Cao X, Hu X, Efrizal E, Hayati I, Yang J, Tan C, et al.
    J Environ Manage, 2024 Dec;372:123379.
    PMID: 39550941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123379
    Cadmium (Cd) pollution leads to soil degradation, decreases crop yield and affects human health through the food chain. Iron-modified woody peat (IMP) is an organic passivation material that significantly affects the migration of heavy metals in soil. Nitrification inhibitors are widely used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study investigated the effects of the IMP and nitrification inhibitors dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate on Cd content and form, crop yield, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and bacterial communities in soil-lettuce systems. The simultaneous additions of IMP and DCD substantially reduced the soil available Cd content by 22.6 % and significantly promoted the lettuce yield by 42.9 %. Lettuce yield was significantly and negatively correlated with soil available Cd (correlation coefficient = -0.52). The simultaneous applications of IMP and nitrification inhibitors stimulated N2O emission risk by enhancing the soil NH4+-N contents and the relative abundances of Firmicutes, which could also decrease soil bacterial community stabilities. Therefore, tradeoffs among yield, Cd bioavailability, N2O emission and bacterial community stability should be comprehensively considered when evaluating the combined performances of IMP and nitrification inhibitors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants/metabolism
  11. A preliminary study of the distribution of selected trace metals in the Besut River basin, Terengganu, Malaysia
    Suratman S, Hang HC, Shazili NA, Mohd Tahir N
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2009 Jan;82(1):16-9.
    PMID: 18665317 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9507-5
    This paper presents a preliminary result carried out in the Besut River basin, Terengganu, Malaysia to determine the selected trace metal concentrations. Concentrations of dissolved Pb, Cu, and Fe during the present study were in the range of 3.3-8.3 microg/L Pb, 0.1-0.3 microg/L Cu, and 1.1-12.3 microg/L Fe. For the particulate fraction concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Fe ranged from 1.0 to 3.6 microg/L, 0.3 to 2.8 microg/L, and 114 to 1,537 microg/L, respectively. The concentrations of metals in this study area, in general, were lower than those reported for other study areas. Higher metal concentrations measured in the wet monsoon season suggest that the input was mainly due to terrestrial runoff.
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants/analysis*; Soil Pollutants/chemistry
  12. Study on the downward movement of carbofuran in two Malaysian soils
    Farahani GH, Sahid IB, Zakaria Z, Kuntom A, Omar D
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2008 Sep;81(3):294-8.
    PMID: 18587522 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9468-8
    The downward movement of carbofuran in two Malaysian soil types was studied using soil columns. The columns were filled with disturbed and undisturbed soils of either the Bagan Datoh soil (clay) or the Labu soil (sandy clay). The average total percentage of carbofuran in the leachate of the undisturbed Labu soil after 14 days of watering (80.8%) was approximately similar to that of the total amount from the disturbed soil (81.4%). However, carbofuran leaching was observed in the disturbed soil after the fourth day of watering whereas for the undisturbed soil, leaching occurred after the first watering. A similar trend was observed in the Bagan Datoh soil where the residue of carbofuran was detected after the first day of watering in the undisturbed soil column but only at the eighth day of watering in the disturbed soil column. The total percentage carbofuran in the leachate of disturbed and undisturbed soil columns from Bagan Datoh after 14 days of watering was 3.6% and 41.7%, respectively. The study showed that less leaching occurred in soil columns with high organic content such as the Bagan Datoh soil and especially so in disturbed soils where the organic matter was homogeneously mixed in all layers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants/analysis*; Soil Pollutants/chemistry
  13. Long-range atmospheric transport and the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Changbai Mountain
    Zhao X, Kim SK, Zhu W, Kannan N, Li D
    Chemosphere, 2015 Jan;119:289-294.
    PMID: 25036943 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.005
    The Changbai (also known as "Baekdu") Mountain, on the border between China and North Korea, is the highest mountain (2750 m) in northeastern China. Recently, this mountain region has experienced a dramatic increase in air pollution, not only because of increasing volumes of tourism-derived traffic but also because of the long-range transport of polluted westerly winds passing through major industrial and urban cities in the eastern region of China. To assess the relative importance of the two sources of pollution, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as model substances were determined in the mountain soil. A total of 32 soil samples were collected from different sides of the mountain at different latitudes between July and August of 2009. The ∑PAH concentrations were within the range 38.5-190.1 ng g(-1) on the northern side, 117.7-443.6 ng g(-1) on the southern side, and 75.3-437.3 ng g(-1) on the western side. A progressive increase in the level of ∑PAHs with latitude was observed on the southern and western sides that face the westerly wind with abundant precipitation. However, a similar concentration gradient was not observed on the northern side that receives less rain and is on the leeward direction of the wind. The high-molecular-weight PAH compounds were predominant in the soils on the southern and western sides, while low-molecular-weight PAHs dominated the northern side soils. These findings show that the distribution of PAHs in the mountain soil is strongly influenced by the atmospheric long-range transport and cold trapping.
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants/analysis*
  14. Soil chemistry and pollution study of a closed landfill site at Ampar Tenang, Selangor, Malaysia
    Mohd Adnan SN, Yusoff S, Piaw CY
    Waste Manag Res, 2013 Jun;31(6):599-612.
    PMID: 23528999 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X13482031
    A total of 20 landfills are located in State of Selangor, Malaysia. This includes the Ampar Tenang landfill site, which was closed on 26 January 2010. It was reported that the landfill has been upgraded to a level I type of sanitary classification. However, the dumpsite area is not being covered according to the classification. In addition, municipal solid waste was dumped directly on top of the unlined natural alluvium formation. This does not only contaminate surface and subsurface soils, but also initiates the potential risk of groundwater pollution. Based on previous studies, the Ampar Tenang soil has been proven to no longer be capable of preventing pollution migration. In this study, metal concentrations of soil samples up to 30 m depth were analyzed based on statistical analysis. It is very significant because research of this type has not been carried out before. The subsurface soils were significantly polluted by arsenic (As), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and aluminium (Al). As and Pb exceeded the safe limit values of 5.90 mg/kg and 31.00 mg/kg, respectively, based on Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines for Metals and the Interim Sediment Quality Values. Furthermore, only Cu concentrations showed a significantly decreasing trend with increasing depth. Most metals were found on clay-type soils based on the cluster analysis method. Moreover, the analysis also differentiates two clusters: cluster I-Pb, As, zinc, Cu, manganese, calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium and Fe; cluster II-Al. Different clustering may suggest a different contamination source of metals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants/chemistry*
  15. Degradation of chlorpyrifos in humid tropical soils
    Chai LK, Wong MH, Bruun Hansen HC
    J Environ Manage, 2013 Aug 15;125:28-32.
    PMID: 23632002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.04.005
    The insecticide chlorpyrifos is extensively used in the humid tropics for insect control on crops and soils. Chlorpyrifos degradation and mineralization was studied under laboratory conditions to characterize the critical factors controlling the degradation and mineralization in three humid tropical soils from Malaysia. The degradation was fastest in moist soils (t1/2 53.3-77.0 days), compared to dry (t1/2 49.5-120 days) and wet soils (t1/2 63.0-124 days). Degradation increased markedly with temperature with activation energies of 29.0-76.5 kJ mol(-1). Abiotic degradation which is important for chlorpyrifos degradation in sub-soils containing less soil microbial populations resulted in t½ of 173-257 days. Higher chlorpyrifos dosages (5-fold) which are often applied in the tropics due to severe insects infestations caused degradation and mineralization rates to decrease by 2-fold. The mineralization rates were more sensitive to the chlorpyrifos application rates reflecting that degradation of metabolites is rate limiting and the toxic effects of some of the metabolites produced. Despite that chlorpyrifos is frequently used and often in larger amounts on tropical soils compared with temperate soils, higher temperature, moderate moisture and high activity of soil microorganisms will stimulate degradation and mineralization.
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants/chemistry*
  16. Remediation of soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
    Gan S, Lau EV, Ng HK
    J Hazard Mater, 2009 Dec 30;172(2-3):532-49.
    PMID: 19700241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.118
    Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic micropollutants which are resistant to environmental degradation due to their highly hydrophobic nature. Concerns over their adverse health effects have resulted in extensive studies on the remediation of soils contaminated with PAHs. This paper aims to provide a review of the remediation technologies specifically for PAH-contaminated soils. The technologies discussed here include solvent extraction, bioremediation, phytoremediation, chemical oxidation, photocatalytic degradation, electrokinetic remediation, thermal treatment and integrated remediation technologies. For each of these, the theories are discussed in conjunction with comparative evaluation of studies reported in the specialised literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants/chemistry*
  17. Heavy metals from agricultural soils from Cameron Highlands, Pahang, and Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Khairiah J, Lim KH, Ahmad-Mahir R, Ismail BS
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2006 Oct;77(4):608-15.
    PMID: 17123022 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-006-1106-8
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants/analysis*
  18. Adsorption, desorption and mobility of cyfluthrin in three Malaysian tropical soils of different textures
    Lsmail BS, Choo LY, Salmijah S, Halimah M, Tayeb MA
    J Environ Biol, 2015 Sep;36(5):1105-11.
    PMID: 26521552
    The sorption and desorption of cyfluthrin mixture isomers were determined using batch equilibration method and mobility was studied under laboratory conditions, using packed soil column. The soil types used in the study were clayey, clay loam and sandy clay loam obtained from three tomato farms in Cameron Highlands. A low Freundlich adsorption distribution coefficient K(ads(f)) for cyfluthrin was observed for clayey, clay loam and sandy clay loam soils (95.69, 21.64 and 8.99 l/kg, respectively). Results showed that cyfluthrin had high Freundlich organic matter (OM) distribution coefficient K(oc) values of 5799, 2278 and 1635 lkg(-1) for clayey, clay loam and sandy clay loam soils, respectively. These values indicate that cyfluthrin is considered immobile in Malaysian soils with different textures, based on the value of K(oc) by McCall. Adsorption of cyfluthrin was significantly (P < 0.05) affected with soil pH, fertilizer NPK, organic matter content and temperature. It was observed that approximately 95.8%, 93.8% and 91.8% of the adsorbed cyfluthrin remained sorbed after four successive rinses for clayey, clay loam and sandy clay loam soils. Soil column test showed that cyfluthrin was not detected in leachate. Cyfluthrin was detected in topsoil and its concentration decreased with depth. The downward movement of cyfluthrin in sandy clay loam soil was more than that in clay loam and clayey soils. Approximately, 80.9%, 77.8% and 67.3% cyfluthrin was observed at the depth of 0-5 cm (rainfall 350 mm) for clayey, clay loam and sandy clay loam soils respectively. Mobility of cyfluthrin showed that the percentage of cyfluthrin leached into soil was not affected by the amount of rainfall. The result clearly showed that cyfluthrin molecules were bound strongly to all the three Malaysian soil types.
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants/chemistry*
  19. A comprehensive guide of remediation technologies for oil contaminated soil - Present works and future directions
    Lim MW, Lau EV, Poh PE
    Mar Pollut Bull, 2016 Aug 15;109(1):14-45.
    PMID: 27267117 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.023
    Oil spills result in negative impacts on the environment, economy and society. Due to tidal and waves actions, the oil spillage affects the shorelines by adhering to the soil, making it difficult for immediate cleaning of the soil. As shoreline clean-up is the most costly component of a response operation, there is a need for effective oil remediation technologies. This paper provides a review on the remediation technologies for soil contaminated with various types of oil, including diesel, crude oil, petroleum, lubricating oil, bitumen and bunker oil. The methods discussed include solvent extraction, bioremediation, phytoremediation, chemical oxidation, electrokinetic remediation, thermal technologies, ultrasonication, flotation and integrated remediation technologies. Each of these technologies was discussed, and associated with their advantages, disadvantages, advancements and future work in detail. Nonetheless, it is important to note that no single remediation technology is considered the best solution for the remediation of oil contaminated soil.

    CAPSULE: This review provides a comprehensive literature on the various remediation technologies studied in the removal of different oil types from soil.

    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants*
  20. Phytoaccumulation of Zn, Pb, and Cd in Conocarpus lancifolius irrigated with wastewater: does physiological response influence heavy metal uptake?
    Rasheed F, Zafar Z, Waseem ZA, Rafay M, Abdullah M, Salam MMA, et al.
    Int J Phytoremediation, 2020;22(3):287-294.
    PMID: 31468990 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1658711
    Conocarpus lancifolius is a fast-growing and drought tolerant tree species with phytoremediation potential in arid environments. The present study was conducted to evaluate the phytoaccumulation potential under wastewater treatment. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse where 3-month-old seedlings were irrigated with industrial wastewater and growth, biomass and physiological parameters were measured. Concentrations of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in leaves, shoots, and roots along with translocation and tolerance index were also determined. The results showed that under wastewater treatment total biomass increased from 24.2 to 31.5 g, net CO2 assimilation rate increased from 9.93 to 13.3 μmol m-2 s-1, and water use efficiency increased from 1.7 to 2.42. Similarly, heavy metals (Zn, Pb, and Cd) accumulation in stem, leaves, and roots increased significantly under wastewater treatment where the highest concentration of Zn, Pb and Cd was found in roots followed by leaves and stem, respectively. Tolerance index was found >1, and translocation factor of all heavy metals was found >1. The study revealed that phytoaccumulation potential of C. lancifolius was mainly driven by improved net CO2 assimilation rate and water use efficiency.
    Matched MeSH terms: Soil Pollutants*
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