Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 136 in total

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  1. Fulltext α-Linolenic acid supplementation in BioXcell® extender can improve the quality of post-cooling and frozen-thawed bovine sperm
    Kaka A, Wahid H, Rosnina Y, Yimer N, Khumran AM, Sarsaifi K, et al.
    Anim. Reprod. Sci., 2015 Feb;153:1-7.
    PMID: 25544152 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.12.001
    The present study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing α-linolenic acid (ALA) into BioXcell(®) extender on post-cooling, post-thawed bovine spermatozoa and post thawed fatty acid composition. Twenty-four semen samples were collected from three bulls using an electro-ejaculator. Fresh semen samples were evaluated for general motility using computer assisted semen analyzer (CASA) whereas morphology and viability with eosin-nigrosin stain. Semen samples extended into BioXcell(®) were divided into five groups to which 0, 3, 5, 10 and 15 ng/ml of ALA were added, respectively. The treated samples were incubated at 37°C for 15 min for ALA uptake by sperm cells before being cooled for 2 h at 5°C. After evaluation, the cooled samples were packed into 0.25 ml straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen for 24 h before thawing and evaluation for semen quality. Evaluation of cooled and frozen-thawed semen showed that the percentages of all the sperm parameters improved with 5 ng/ml ALA supplement. ALA was higher in all treated groups than control groups than control group. In conclusion, 5 ng/ml ALA supplemented into BioXcell(®) extender improved the cooled and frozen-thawed quality of bull spermatozoa.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa/drug effects; Spermatozoa/metabolism; Spermatozoa/chemistry
  2. Vitamin E attenuates nicotine- and noise-induced reproductive impairment in male albino Wistar rats
    Bisong SA, Ukoh IE, Nna VU, Ebong PE
    Andrologia, 2018 Sep;50(7):e13050.
    PMID: 29806220 DOI: 10.1111/and.13050
    Previous studies showed that exposure to stress or nicotine induced reproductive impairment in male rats. Here, we assessed the effect of an antioxidant (vitamin E) on nicotine-, stress- and nicotine + stress-induced reproductive impairment in male rats. Forty-eight male albino Wistar rats were divided into eight groups as follows; control, stress (generator noise 90-120 dB, 8 hr/day), nicotine (1.5 mg kg-1 day-1 ), nicotine + stress, vitamin E (100 mg kg-1 day-1 ), stress + vitamin E, nicotine + vitamin E and stress + nicotine + vitamin E. Sperm count, viability, motility and rapid progressive forward movement decreased significantly (p spermatozoa increased significantly (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa/drug effects
  3. Ultrastructural observations on the merocyst and gametocytes of Hepatocystis spp. from Malaysian squirrels
    Canning EU, Sinden RE, Landau I, Miltgen F
    Ann Parasitol Hum Comp, 1976 11 1;51(6):607-23.
    PMID: 829210
    An immature merocyst of Hepatocystis malayensis and gametocytes of H. brayi were studied with the electron microscope. The merocyst consisted of a highly complex cytoplasmic reticulum ramifying through an amorphous matrix: the entire complex was enclosed by a simple unit membrane. The host cell was apparently destroyed completely during growth of the cyst. Immature gametocytes were highly amoeboid and showed extensive vacuolisation or attenuation of the cytoplasm. The nucleus contained one or two prominent nucleoli. Mature gametocytes had compact cytoplasm and contained pyriform osmiophilic bodies which were believed to function in the release of the parasites from the host cells. Macrogametocytes were distinguished from microgametocytes by cytoplasmic differences in numbers of ribosomes, and cristate mitochondria and in the extent of development of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The compact nuclei of the macrogametocytes had inconspicuous DNA but prominent nucleoli whereas those of the microgametocytes were irregular and showed a central aggregate of DNA. In microgametogenesis karyokinesis of the parent nucleus was delayed until axoneme formation was complete. Then the nuclear buds were extruded into emerging microgametes. At fertilisation the plasmalemmas of the two gametes fused and the single axoneme and nucleus of the microgamete moved into the cytoplasm of the macrogamete.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa/ultrastructure
  4. Fulltext Ultrastructural assessment of fresh, capacitated and acrosome-reacted Jermasia goat sperm by electron microscopy
    Hashida, N.H., Abdullah, R.B.
    ASM Science Journal, 2008;2(1):65-73.
    MyJurnal
    This study was carried out to compare the ultrastructure of fresh, capacitated and acrosome-reacted sperm. The sperm was treated with heparin for capacitation and calcium ionophore for acrosome reaction induction. Sperm samples were then prepared for ultrastructural studies and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ultrastructural changes in plasma and acrosomal membranes, shape of the mitochondria and outer dense fibres, in capacitated and acrosome-reacted sperm were evident. The plasma membrane of fresh sperm was loosely fitted around the sperm head and the acrosomal membrane was closely opposed to the nucleus. The plasma and acrosomal membranes of the capacitated sperm were expanded, but disintegrated in the acrosome-reacted sperm. Mitochondria of fresh sperm appeared to be rounded in shape with plasma membrane closely opposed to it and the nine outer dense fibres were almost regular rounded in shape. However, in both capacitated and acrosome-reacted sperm, the mitochondria were almost regular and elongated in shape whilst the outer dense fibres were irregular in shape in the capacitated and acrosome-reacted sperm. There were no noticeable morphological changes found in the axonemal complexes in fresh, capacitated and acrosome-reacted sperm. Ultrastructural studies are able to provide detailed information on sequential events involving numerous physiological changes during fertilization.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa
  5. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Bali bull (Bos javanicus) seminal plasma proteins and their relationship with semen quality
    Sarsaifi K, Haron AW, Vejayan J, Yusoff R, Hani H, Omar MA, et al.
    Theriogenology, 2015 Oct 1;84(6):956-68.
    PMID: 26119476 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.05.035
    The present study evaluated the relationship between Bali bull (Bos javanicus) seminal plasma proteins and different semen quality parameters. Semen samples from 10 mature Bali bulls were evaluated for conventional semen parameters (general motility, viability, and normal morphology), sperm functionality (acrosome reaction, sperm penetration rate, sperm penetration index), sperm kinetics (computer-assisted semen analysis parameters such as sperm velocity), and sperm morphology (acrosome and membrane integrity). Frozen-thawed semen with higher sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, and membrane integrity (P < 0.05) are consistently higher in acrosome reaction and sperm penetration assay. Three bulls showed the highest, four bulls displayed the medium, and the remaining three bulls showed the lowest for all sperm parameters and SPA. The proteome maps of seminal plasma from high-quality and low-quality Bali bulls were also established. Seminal plasma of both high-quality and low-quality Bali bulls was subjected to two-dimensional SDS-PAGE with isoelectric point ranged from 3 to 10 and molecular weight from 10 to 250 kDa. Approximately 116 spots were detected with Blue Silver stain, and of these spots, 29 were selected and identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS. A majority of the proteins visualized in the seminal plasma two-dimensional maps was successfully identified. An essential group of the identified spots represented binder of sperm 1 (BSP1), clusterin, spermadhesin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP-2), and phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Other proteins found in high abundance included seminal ribonuclease, serum albumin, cationic trypsin, and peptide similar to β2 microglobulin. Thus, a reference map of Bali bull seminal plasma proteins has been generated for the very first time and can be used to relate protein pattern changes to physiopathologic events that may influence Bali bull reproductive performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa
  6. Treatment of the Hypogonadal Infertile Male-A Review
    Ho CC, Tan HM
    Sex Med Rev, 2013 May;1(1):42-49.
    PMID: 27784559 DOI: 10.1002/smrj.4
    INTRODUCTION: Testosterone treatment for hypogonadism is detrimental for men in reproductive age as it impairs spermatogenesis, and therefore affects fertility. It is, therefore, not indicated in men with hypogonadism and infertility.

    AIM: The aim of this review is to analyze current data regarding options of treatment for men with hypogonadism and infertility.

    MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: A comprehensive review of the current literature on management of infertility among hypogonadal men.

    METHODS: A literature search using PubMed from 1980 to 2012 was done on articles published in the English language. The following medical subject heading terms were used: "infertility," "infertile," "hypogonadism;" "testosterone deficiency" and "men" or "male;" and "treatment" or "management."

    RESULTS: The options for hypogonadal testicular failure are limited. Hormonal treatment is by and large ineffective. For secondary hypogonadism (hypogonadotropic/normogonadotropic hypogonadism), the options include gonadotropin-releasing hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and anti-estrogens and aromatase inhibitors. Dopamine antagonist is indicated for prolactinoma. Artificial reproductive technique is indicated for primary testicular failure and also when medical therapy fails.

    CONCLUSION: The most suitable option with the current data available is hCG with or without hMG/FSH. Testosterone supplementation should be avoided, but if they are already on it, it is still possible for a return of normal sperm production within 1 year after discontinuing testosterone. Ho CCK and Tan HM. Treatment of the hypogonadal infertile male-A review. Sex Med Rev 2013;1:42-49.

    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa
  7. Fulltext Toxic effects of 5-Fluorouracil on sperm count in wistar rats
    D'Souza UJ
    Malays J Med Sci, 2003 Jan;10(1):43-5.
    PMID: 23365499 MyJurnal
    The antimetabolite, 5-fluorouracil is widely used in the treatment of cancers. Although its toxic effects on testis causing germinal epithelial sloughing, tubular atrophy and generation of multinucleated cells were reported, its effect on spermatogenesis has not been studied. Hence the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 5-fluorouracil on epididymal sperm count. Male Wistar rats were employed in the study (n=5 per group). The animals were injected (i.p) with five consecutive doses of 5-fluorouracil (10, 20, 30mg/kg b.w) at an interval of 24h and the control with 0.1ml-distilled water. Samples were obtained at 14, 35, 42 and 70 days after injection. Rats were sacrificed, a laparatomy was performed and epididymes were collected in 1ml phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.2), minced, filtered and stained with 1% aqueous eosin Y. An aliquot was taken in leucocyte pipette, diluted with phosphate buffered saline and sperm count was done as per the standard procedure. Data were analyzed by Mann Whitney U test. The results of this study revealed that 5 - fluorouracil significantly decreased the sperm count in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa
  8. The use of the semen analysis in predicting fertility outcome
    Arumugam K, Omar SZ
    Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1992 May;32(2):154-7.
    PMID: 1520202
    The study investigates the use of the various parameters of the semen analysis in predicting the fertility outcome in 82 infertile couples. The sperm density, % progressive motility, % normal morphology were divided into 'normal' and 'abnormal' based on the criteria proposed by WHO. The subsequent cumulative pregnancy rates were then calculated according to this criteria. A life-table method of analysis was used. All female related fertility factors were excluded. With the exception of a sperm density of less than 20 x 10(6) per ml the other parameters showed no significant correlation with the cumulative pregnancy rates at 12 months or 24 months respectively. We concluded that the semen analysis does not predict the probable outcome of the subsequent rates even when female fertility related factors were excluded apart from a sperm density less than 20 x 10(6) per ml.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa/cytology
  9. Fulltext The more pieces, the better the puzzle: sperm concentration increases gametic compatibility
    Sherman CD, Ab Rahim ES, Olsson M, Careau V
    Ecol Evol, 2015 Oct;5(19):4354-64.
    PMID: 26664684 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1684
    The genetic benefits individuals receive from mate choice have been the focus of numerous studies, with several showing support for both intrinsic genetic benefits and compatibility effects on fertilization success and offspring viability. However, the robustness of these effects have rarely been tested across an ecologically relevant environmental gradient. In particular, sperm environment is a crucial factor determining fertilization success in many species, especially those with external fertilization. Here, we test the importance of sperm environment in mediating compatibility-based selection on fertilization using a factorial breeding design. We detected a significant intrinsic male effect on fertilization success at only one of four sperm concentrations. Compatibility effects were significant at the two highest sperm concentrations and, interestingly, the magnitude of the compatibility effect consistently increased with sperm concentration. This suggests that females are able to modify the probability of sperm-egg fusion as the amount of sperm available increases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa
  10. The impact of leptin on sperm
    Almabhouh FA, Singh HJ
    Reprod Fertil Dev, 2023 May;35(8):459-468.
    PMID: 37196661 DOI: 10.1071/RD22222
    Despite its important role in numerous physiological functions, including regulation of appetite and body weight, immune function and normal sexual maturation, raised leptin levels could result in significant damaging effects on sperm. The adverse effects of leptin on the male reproductive system result from its direct actions on the reproductive organs and cells instead of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. Binding of leptin to the receptors in the seminiferous tubular cells of the testes increases free radical production and decreases the gene expression and activity of endogenous enzymatic antioxidants. These effects are mediated via the PI3K pathway. The resultant oxidative stress causes significant damage to the seminiferous tubular cells, germ cells and sperm DNA leading to apoptosis, increased sperm DNA fragmentation, decreased sperm count, increased fraction of sperm with abnormal morphology, and decreased seminiferous tubular height and diameter. This review summarises the evidence in the literature on the adverse effects of leptin on sperm, which could underlie the often-reported sperm abnormalities in obese hyperleptinaemic infertile males. Although leptin is necessary for normal reproductive function, its raised levels could be pathologic. There is, therefore, a need to identify the cut-off level in the serum and seminal fluid above which leptin becomes pathological for better management of leptin associated adverse effects on male reproductive function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa/metabolism
  11. The effects of palm kernel cake based diet on spermatogenesis in Malin x Santa-Ines rams
    Yaakub H, Masnindah M, Shanthi G, Sukardi S, Alimon AR
    Anim. Reprod. Sci., 2009 Oct;115(1-4):182-8.
    PMID: 19167847 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.12.006
    Testes from nine male Malin x Santa-Ines rams with an average body weight of 43.1+/-3.53 kg, were used to study the effects of palm kernel cake (PKC) based diet on spermatogenic cells and to assess copper (Cu) levels in liver, testis and plasma in sheep. Animals were divided into three groups and randomly assigned three dietary treatments using restricted randomization of body weight in completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were 60% palm kernel cake plus 40% oil palm frond (PKC), 60% palm kernel cake plus 40% oil palm frond supplemented with 23 mg/kg dry matter of molybdenum as ammonium molybdate [(NH(4))(6)Mo(7)O(24).4H(2)O] and 600 mg/kg dry matter of sulphate as sodium sulphate [Na(2)SO(4)] (PKC-MS) and 60% concentrate of corn-soybean mix+40% oil palm frond (Control), the concentrate was mixed in a ratio of 79% corn, 20% soybean meal and 1% standard mineral mix. The results obtained showed that the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and Leydig cells were not significantly different among the three treatment groups. However, spermatozoa, Sertoli cells and degenerated cells showed significant changes, which, may be probably due to the Cu content in PKC. Liver and testis Cu levels in the rams under PKC diet was found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) than rams in Control and PKC-MS diets. Plasma Cu levels showed a significant increase (P<0.05) at the end of the experiment as compared to at the beginning of the experiment for PKC and Control. In conclusion, spermatogenesis is normal in rams fed the diet without PKC and PKC supplemented with Mo and S. However spermatogenesis was altered in the PKC based diet probably due to the toxic effects of Cu and the significant changes in organs and plasma. Thus, Mo and S play a major role in reducing the accumulation of Cu in organs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa/drug effects; Spermatozoa/physiology
  12. The effects of magnetic separation on cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa motility, viability and cryo-capacitation status
    Faezah SS, Zuraina FM, Farah JH, Khairul O, Hilwani NI, Iswadi MI, et al.
    Zygote, 2014 Aug;22(3):378-86.
    PMID: 23237064 DOI: 10.1017/S0967199412000597
    Cryopreservation is a technique used to preserve cells for long-time storage. It is widely used in agriculture to store male gametes in liquid nitrogen. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum thawing temperature and time for samples subjected to annexin V magnetic-activated cell sorting (AnMACS) as the sperm preparation technique. Pooled semen samples from three ejaculates were divided into two groups. The treatment group was subjected both to AnMACS and to being cryopreserved, whilst the control group was cryopreserved directly without MACS. Post-thaw analysis was carried out for samples thawed at either 20°C for 13 s, 37°C for 30 s, 40°C for 7 s, 60°C for 6 s or 80°C for 5 s. Sperm kinematics, viability and capacitation status were determined for samples subjected to all thawing temperatures described. Results showed that thawing at 37°C for 13 s for MACS-processed samples was a superior option compared with other thawing procedures; there was a significant difference in P < 0.05 values for curvilinear velocity (VCL μm/s) and sperm straightness (STR %) when samples were thawed at 40°C for 7 s, with fewer capacitated spermatozoa (P < 0.05) when samples were thawed at 37°C for 30 s, 40°C for 7 s or 60°C for 6 s. Hence, we can speculate that the use of AnMACS as the sperm preparation technique can somehow enhance sperm cryosurvival rate after cryopreservation, however the fertilization potential of these cells has yet to be determined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa/physiology*
  13. Fulltext The effect of lead exposure of mice during pregnancy on the concentration and motility of epididymal and testicular spermatozoa in offspring mature male mice
    al-Khfaji, I.N., Fakhrildin, M.B., Al-Ani, I.M., Mangalo, H.H., Al-Obaidi, S.R.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2011;10(1):37-42.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of lead on concentration and motility of spermatozoa recovered from epididymis and testes in mature male offspring whose mothers were exposed to different doses and concentrations of lead acetate during gestation period. Materials and Methods: Seventy two healthy mature female mice were divided into three major groups according to the number of injections involving 1, 2 and 3 injections. Each major group was subdivided into four minor groups according to the concentration dose of (0, 25, 50 and 100) mg/Kg of lead acetate. Sperm concentration, percentage of motility and grade of activity were microscopically examined and statistically analyzed. Results: A significant reduction in the sperm functions were seen in relation to an increased in the number of injections and/or concentration of lead acetate dose as compared with the control groups. Conclusion: The toxic effects of lead acetate may interfere with spermatogenesis and metabolism of spermatozoa.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa
  14. The effect of Eurycoma longifolia on sperm quality of male rats
    Chan KL, Low BS, Teh CH, Das PK
    Nat Prod Commun, 2009 Oct;4(10):1331-6.
    PMID: 19911566
    The present study investigated the effects of a standardized methanol extract of E. longifolia Jack containing the major quassinoid constituents of 13alpha(21)-epoxyeurycomanone (1), eurycomanone (2), 13alpha,21-dihydroeurycomanone (3) and eurycomanol (4) on the epididymal spermatozoa profile of normal and Andrographis paniculata induced infertile rats. The standardized MeOH extract at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, the EtOAc fraction (70 mg/kg), and standardized MeOH extract at 200 mg/kg co-administered with the EtOAc fraction of A. paniculata at 70 mg/kg were each given orally to male Sprague-Dawley albino rats for 48 consecutive days. The spermatozoa count, morphology, motility, plasma testosterone level and Leydig cell count of the animals were statistically analyzed by ANOVA with a post-hoc Tukey HSD test. The results showed that the sperm count of rats given the standardized MeOH extract alone at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were increased by 78.9, 94.3 and 99.2%, respectively when compared with that of control (p < 0.01). The low count, poor motility and abnormal morphology of the spermatozoa induced by the A. paniculata fraction were significantly reversed by the standardized MeOH extract of E. longifolia (p < 0.001). The plasma testosterone level of the rats treated with the standardized MeOH extract at 200 mg/kg was significantly increased (p < 0.01) when compared with that of the control and infertile animals. The spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubules and the Leydig cells appeared normal. Testosterone level was significantly higher in the testes (p < 0.01) than in the plasma after 30 days of oral treatment with the standardized MeOH extract. Interestingly, eurycomanone (2) alone was detected in the rat testis homogenates by HPLC-UV and confirmed by LC/MS, and may have contributed towards the improvement of sperm quality. Thus, the plant may potentially be suitable for the management of male infertility.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa/drug effects*
  15. The darting game in snails and slugs
    Schilthuizen M
    Trends Ecol Evol, 2005 Nov;20(11):581-4.
    PMID: 16701439
    Love darts are hard 'needles' that many snails and slugs use to pierce their partner during mating. In a few species, darts have been shown to play a role in sperm competition. Two new papers, by Davison et al., and Koene and Schulenburg, might further pique researchers' interest, because they show how the full potential of darts can be tapped for studies of sexual selection in hermaphrodites.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa
  16. The application of naked DNA plasmid (DrZP3) and recombinant adenovirus (Ad-rZP3) in rat animal model to determine comparative efficacy of ZP3-Immunocontraceptive vaccines
    Mohd-Lila MA, Yee LK, Cen LS, Bala JA, Balakrishnan KN, Allaudin ZN, et al.
    Microb Pathog, 2019 Sep;134:103572.
    PMID: 31163251 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103572
    The common physical and chemical methods for controlling rat pest are less than satisfactory and inhumane. Immunocontraception approach has been considered more humane and it can be accomplished by inducing the relevant host immune response that block further development of reproductive gametes. ZP3 proteins are known to play very important role during sperm-ovum fertilization. It is a self-antigen and only localized in female ovaries. Therefore, an immunization with ZP3 protein elsewhere will induce a generalize host immune response against ZP3 protein. This study employed rat ZP3 (rZP3) gene prepared from its cDNA of Rattus rattus diardii. It was delivered and expressed in vivo by naked plamid DNA (DrZP3) or recombinant ZP3-Adenovirus (Ad-rZP3). Expression studies in vitro with DrZP3 or Ad-ZP3 showed rZP3 proteins were successfully expressed in Vero cells. Hyperimmune serum against rZP3 that were prepared by immunizing several rats with purified rZP3-pichia yeast fusion protein showed it blocked sperms from binding DrZP3-transfected Vero cells. Female Sprague Dawley rats immunized with DrZP3 demonstrated a long-term effect for significant reduction of fertility up to 92.6%. Ovaries from rats immunized with DrZP3 were severely atrophied with disappearance of primordial follicles from ovarian cortex with an increased in the amount of oocyte-free cell clusters. Female rats immunized with Ad-rZP3 demonstrated 27% reduction of fertility. The infertility induced by Ad-rZP3 is comparatively low and ineffective. This could be due to a strong host immune response that suppresses the recombinant virus itself resulted in minimum rZP3 protein presentation to the host immune system. As a result, low antibody titers produced against rZP3 is insufficient to block oocytes from maturity and fertilization. Therefore, immunization with DrZP3 for immunocontraception is more effective than Ad-rZP3 recombinant adenovirus. It is proposed to explore further on the use of adenovirus or other alternative viruses to deliver ZP3 protein and for the development of enhanced expression of rZP3 in target host.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa
  17. Fulltext The Effect of lead exposure of mice during pregnancy on the morphology of epididymal and testicular spermatozoa of their offspring
    Al-Ani, I.M., al-Khfaji, I.N., Fakhrildin, M.B., Mangalo, H.H., Al-Obaidi, S.R.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2009;8(1):11-16.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The aims of this study were to assess the differences in the percentages of abnormal morphology between the epididymal and testicular spermatozoa of mature male offspring mice whose mothers were injected with various doses of lead acetate during gestation. Materials and Methods: Seventy two healthy female mice were divided into three major groups according to the number of injections involving 1, 2 or 3 injections at 8th day; 8th and 13th days; and 8th, 13th and 18th days of gestation period, respectively. Each major group was subdivided into four minor groups according to the dosage of lead administered (0, 25, 50 and 100) mg/Kg. Results: The percentages of abnormal morphology of epididymal and testicular spermatozoa were studied and the data were statistically analyzed. The results of this study proved that an increased number of injections and/or dose of lead acetate injected to the mothers during gestation cause an elevation in the percentage of abnormal morphology of both epididymal and testicular spermatozoa of the male mice offspring. Conclusion: In conclusion this study demonstrated that lead acetate when exposed prenatally have toxic effects on the sperm in the offspring male mice resulting in abnormal morphology of spermatozoa. The most likely causative factor is disturbances in the phase(s) of spermatogenesis and/or spermiogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa
  18. Fulltext The Comparison of Semen Collection in Electroejaculation, Rectal Massage and Combination of Both Methods in the Critically Endangered Malayan Pangolin, Manis javanica
    Tarmizi R, Keng Chee Y, Sipangkui S, Zainuddin ZZ, Fitri WN
    Animals (Basel), 2020 Oct 23;10(11).
    PMID: 33113883 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111948
    This article describes the semen characteristics from different collection methods between captive and confiscated Malayan pangolins, Manis javanica. Semen was collected from 15 pangolins; two captive and 13 confiscated individuals at the mean weight of 9.36 ± 1.94 kg. The three semen collection methods employed were electroejaculation, rectal massage and a combination of both techniques. The semen characteristics (mean ± standard deviation) of the Malayan pangolin are volume (73.75 ± 144.57 µL), pH (7.63 ± 0.53), spermatozoa concentration (997.19 ± 728.98 × 106 /mL), total motility (59.60% ± 30.00%), progressive motility (48.95% ± 30.93%), mass motility (3.50 ± 1.50) and live spermatozoa (80.25% ± 13.45%). There was no significant difference in semen characteristics between the three collection methods. The percentages of live spermatozoa were significantly different, suggesting better samples from captive compared to confiscated animals. However, there was no significant difference in spermatozoa kinetics between the captive and confiscated samples, suggesting the potential of utilizing confiscated individuals for gamete recovery to conserve the genetic pool of pangolins. All three methods of semen collection were successfully performed in pangolins and should be considered; however, electroejaculation remains the most consistent method of obtaining semen from the species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa
  19. Sunni Islamic perspectives on lab-grown sperm and eggs derived from stem cells - in vitro gametogenesis (IVG)
    Serour G, Ghaly M, Saifuddeen SM, Anwar A, Isa NM, Chin AHB
    New Bioeth, 2023 Jun;29(2):108-120.
    PMID: 36427532 DOI: 10.1080/20502877.2022.2142094
    An exciting development in the field of assisted reproductive technologies is In Vitro Gametogenesis (IVG) that enables production of functional gametes from stem cells in the laboratory. Currently, development of this technology is still at an early stage and has demonstrated to work only in rodents. Upon critically examining the ethical dimensions of various possible IVG applications in human fertility treatment from a Sunni Islamic perspective, together with benefit-harm (maslahah-mafsadah) assessment; it is concluded that utilization of IVG, once its efficacy and safety are guaranteed, could be permissible by strictly adhering to Islamic ethical principles related to marriage, biological/genetic relatedness, sexual intercourse, and moral status of the embryo/fetus versus that of the gamete. As a result, IVG will be acceptable for treating primary infertility, age-related infertility, and preventing genetic diseases. However, it will be unacceptable for application in posthumous reproduction, donor gametes, genetic enhancement, and procreation in same-sex couples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa
  20. Successful sperm cryopreservation of the brown-marbled grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus using propylene glycol as cryoprotectant
    Yusoff M, Hassan BN, Ikhwanuddin M, Sheriff SM, Hashim F, Mustafa S, et al.
    Cryobiology, 2018 04;81:168-173.
    PMID: 29355519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.01.005
    This study developed the cryopreservation of brown-marbled grouper spermatozoa for practical application. We examined 32 cryodiluents, developed from four types of cryoprotectants [propylene glycol (PG), dimethyl-sulphoxide (Me2SO), dimethyl-acetamide (DMA) and ethylene glycol (EG)] at four concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20% in combination with two extenders [Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and artificial seminal plasma (ASP). Cooling rates were examined by adjusting the height of straws (2.5-12.5 cm) from the liquid nitrogen (LN) vapor and cooled for 5 min before immersion into LN. DNA laddering was used to detect DNA damage in cryopreserved sperm. In fertilization trials, 0.5 g of eggs was mixed with cryopreserved sperm stored for 30 days in LN. The best motility of post-thaw sperm was achieved using 15% PG + 85% FBS (76.7 ± 8.8%); 10% PG + 90% FBS was also effective as cryodiluent. Generally, FBS gave better post-thaw motility compared to ASP. The optimum cooling rate was at 17.6 °C min-1 obtained by freezing at the height of 7.5 cm surface of LN. The results obtained showed that cryopreserved sperm of brown-marbled grouper suffered slight DNA fragmentation, which resulted in significantly lower motility. However, the fertilization (90.9 ± 0.5%), hatching (64.5 ± 4.1%) and deformity rates (3.8 ± 0.2%) obtained from cryopreserved sperm showed no significant difference with fresh sperm. These findings show that the developed protocol for cryopreservation of brown-marbled grouper sperm was viable and will be useful for successful breeding and seed production of brown-marbled grouper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spermatozoa/drug effects
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