Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 60 in total

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  1. Fulltext Working conditions, self-perceived stress, anxiety, depression and quality of life: a structural equation modelling approach
    Rusli BN, Edimansyah BA, Naing L
    BMC Public Health, 2008 Feb 06;8:48.
    PMID: 18254966 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-48
    BACKGROUND: The relationships between working conditions [job demand, job control and social support]; stress, anxiety, and depression; and perceived quality of life factors [physical health, psychological wellbeing, social relationships and environmental conditions] were assessed using a sample of 698 male automotive assembly workers in Malaysia.

    METHODS: The validated Malay version of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) were used. A structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was applied to test the structural relationships of the model using AMOS version 6.0, with the maximum likelihood ratio as the method of estimation.

    RESULTS: The results of the SEM supported the hypothesized structural model (chi2 = 22.801, df = 19, p = 0.246). The final model shows that social support (JCQ) was directly related to all 4 factors of the WHOQOL-BREF and inversely related to depression and stress (DASS). Job demand (JCQ) was directly related to stress (DASS) and inversely related to the environmental conditions (WHOQOL-BREF). Job control (JCQ) was directly related to social relationships (WHOQOL-BREF). Stress (DASS) was directly related to anxiety and depression (DASS) and inversely related to physical health, environment conditions and social relationships (WHOQOL-BREF). Anxiety (DASS) was directly related to depression (DASS) and inversely related to physical health (WHOQOL-BREF). Depression (DASS) was inversely related to the psychological wellbeing (WHOQOL-BREF). Finally, stress, anxiety and depression (DASS) mediate the relationships between job demand and social support (JCQ) to the 4 factors of WHOQOL-BREF.

    CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that higher social support increases the self-reported quality of life of these workers. Higher job control increases the social relationships, whilst higher job demand increases the self-perceived stress and decreases the self-perceived quality of life related to environmental factors. The mediating role of depression, anxiety and stress on the relationship between working conditions and perceived quality of life in automotive workers should be taken into account in managing stress amongst these workers.

    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  2. Dose-response relationship between hand-transmitted vibration and hand-arm vibration syndrome in a tropical environment
    Su AT, Maeda S, Fukumoto J, Darus A, Hoe VC, Miyai N, et al.
    Occup Environ Med, 2013 Jul;70(7):498-504.
    PMID: 23645621 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2012-101321
    The dose-response relationship for hand-transmitted vibration has been investigated extensively in temperate environments. Since the clinical features of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) differ between the temperate and tropical environment, we conducted this study to investigate the dose-response relationship of HAVS in a tropical environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  3. Pediatric craniomaxillofacial injuries after road traffic crashes: characteristics of injuries and protective equipment use
    Yunus SS, Ngeow WC, Ramli R
    Am J Emerg Med, 2015 Sep;33(9):1253-7.
    PMID: 26026365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.05.009
    A cross-sectional study to determine the pattern of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) injuries among children involved in road traffic crashes was performed. The association of protective equipment use with the CMF injuries was evaluated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  4. Influence of bentonite in polymer membranes for effective treatment of car wash effluent to protect the ecosystem
    Kiran SA, Arthanareeswaran G, Thuyavan YL, Ismail AF
    Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2015 Nov;121:186-92.
    PMID: 25869419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.001
    In this study, modified polyethersulfone (PES) and cellulose acetate (CA) membranes were used in the treatment of car wash effluent using ultrafiltration. Hydrophilic sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK) and bentonite as nanoclay were used as additives for the PES and CA membrane modification. Performances of modified membranes were compared with commercial PES membrane with 10kDa molecular weight cut off (MWCO). The influencing parameters like stirrer speed (250-750rpm) and transmembrane pressure (100-600kPa) (TMP) were varied and their effects were studied as a function of flux. In the treatment of car wash effluent, a higher permeate flux of 52.3L/m(2)h was obtained for modified CA membrane at TMP of 400kPa and stirrer speed of 750rpm. In comparison with modified PES membrane and commercial PES membrane, modified CA membranes showed better performance in terms of flux and flux recovery ratio. The highest COD removal (60%) was obtained for modified CA membrane and a lowest COD removal (47%) was observed for commercial PES membrane. The modified membranes were better at removing COD, turbidity and maintained more stable flux than commercial PES membrane, suggesting they will provide better economic performance in car wash effluent reclamation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  5. Fulltext Survey of body part symptoms among workers in a car tyre service centre
    Abd Rahman MN, Aziz FA, Yusuff RM
    J Hum Ergol (Tokyo), 2010 Jun;39(1):53-6.
    PMID: 21922791 DOI: 10.11183/jhe.39.53
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of body part symptoms and sources of injury/discomfort among workers in a car tyre service centre. Questionnaire survey and interview session were used to identify the level of body discomfort areas and sources of injury or discomfort. From questionnaire survey findings, 12 of respondents have body discomfort in the neck (66.7%%), shoulder (83.3%), elbow/forearm (75%), hand/wrist (91.7%), knee (58.3%), lower leg (75%), ankle/foot (33%) and lower back (30%). The main sources of injury/discomfort in the workplace were poor body posture (75%), bending the back (75%), highly repetitive motions (75%), lifting heavy objects (83.3%), the long-term standing (66.7%), long-term squatting (58.3%), bending the neck (66.7%) and high hand force (58.3%). About 50% reported that poor workplace design also contributed to injury while 41.7% mentioned the use of hand tools. To address modifying the ergonomic hazards, engineering controls and administrative controls can be used. The study will be useful to ergonomists, researchers, consultants, workshop managers, maintenance workers and others concerned with identifying body part symptoms and sources of injury/discomfort at the workplace.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  6. Fulltext Field evaluation of the bioefficacy of diflubenzuron (Dimilin) against container-breeding Aedes sp. mosquitoes
    Chen CD, Seleena B, Chiang YF, Lee HL
    Trop Biomed, 2008 Apr;25(1):80-6.
    PMID: 18600208
    The inhibitory activity of diflubenzuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, on the ecdysis of Aedes sp. larvae was evaluated in earthen jars and automobile tires. Two formulations of diflubenzuron were used in this study: Dimilin(R) WP (wettable powder), 25% and Dimilin GR (granular), 2%. The equivalent rate of 25 g/ha, 50 g/ha and 100 g/ha active ingredients for both WP and GR formulations were used in this study. Generally, at the higher dosage of 100 g/ha, both formulations were more effective against Aedes mosquitoes. On the whole, the WP formulation appeared to perform better than the GR formulation in terms of residual activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  7. The effect of motion and signalling on drivers' ability to predict intentions of other road users
    Lee YM, Sheppard E
    Accid Anal Prev, 2016 Oct;95(Pt A):202-8.
    PMID: 27450792 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.07.011
    Failure in making the correct judgment about the intention of an approaching vehicle at a junction could lead to a collision. This paper investigated the impact of dynamic information on drivers' judgments about the intentions of approaching cars and motorcycles, and whether a valid or invalid signal was provided was also manipulated. Participants were presented with videoclips of vehicles approaching a junction which terminated immediately before the vehicle made any manoeuvre, or images of the final frame of each video. They were asked to judge whether or not the vehicle would turn. Drivers were better in judging the manoeuvre of approaching vehicles in dynamic than static stimuli, for both vehicle types. Drivers were better in judging the manoeuvre of cars than motorcycles for videos, but not for photographs. Drivers were also better in judging the manoeuvre of approaching vehicles when a valid signal was provided than an invalid signal, demonstrating the importance of providing a valid signal while driving. However, drivers were still somewhat successful in their judgments in most of the conditions with an invalid signal, suggesting that drivers were able to focus on other cues to intention. Finally, given that dynamic stimuli more closely reflect the demands of real-life driving there may be a need for drivers to adopt a more cautious approach while inferring a motorcyclist's intentions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  8. Contribution of CYP2E1 polymorphism to aging in the mechanical workshop workers
    Eshkoor SA, Ismail P, Rahman SA, Adon MY, Devan RV
    Toxicol. Mech. Methods, 2013 May;23(4):217-22.
    PMID: 23193996 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.743637
    Aging is attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. Occupational exposure is one of the environmental factors with potential genotoxic effects. Researchers try to determine factors involved in genetic damages at hazards exposure that could accelerate aging. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) gene contributes in activation and detoxification of the environmental hazards. This polymorphism plays an important role in susceptibility of inter-individuals to DNA damage at the occupational exposure. The current study evaluated the possible influence of this gene polymorphism in aging by genomic damages through the biomarkers alterations of micronuclei (MN), comet tail length and telomere length shortening at the exposure. In this study, buccal cells were collected from the oral cavity of exposed workers and non-exposed controls. The CYP2E1 genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The wild genotype significantly affected MN frequency (p = 0.007) and relative telomere length (p = 0.047) in the older group of workers. It was concluded that the interaction of gene polymorphism and exposure enhances DNA damage and accelerates aging consequently.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles*
  9. Fulltext Noise exposure and noise induced hearing loss among Kuala Lumpur traffic point duty personnel
    Thomas N, Mariah AN, Fuad A, Kuljit S, Philip R
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Jun;62(2):152-5.
    PMID: 18705450 MyJurnal
    Thirty-two points in Kuala Lumpur were selected where traffic personnel were on duty. Sound level readings were taken three times a day. Generally, the traffic noise levels were between 75 dBA to 85 dBA. The maximum sound level recorded was 108.2 dBA. Noise emitted by traffic equipment and vehicles were up to 133 dBA. Results of audiometric tests revealed that out of 30 who were tested, 24 or 80% were positive for noise-induced hearing loss. A questionnaire survey revealed a lack of knowledge on occupational safety and personal protective equipment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles*
  10. Fulltext Buckling up in Singapore: residency and other risk factors for seatbelt non-compliance - a cross-sectional study based on trauma registry data
    Wong TH, Lim GH, Chow KY, Trauma Coordinators and Trauma Service Representatives, Zaw NN, Nguyen HV, et al.
    BMC Public Health, 2016 05 14;16:402.
    PMID: 27180046 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3080-3
    BACKGROUND: Seatbelt non-compliance is a problem in middle income countries, and little is known about seatbelt compliance in populations with a high proportion of non-residents. This study analyses the profile of seatbelt non-compliance in Singapore based on trauma registry data from five of the six public hospitals.

    METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of seatbelt compliance of patients aged over 18 years, attending the emergency departments of five public hospitals in Singapore after road collisions from 2011-2014. Seatbelt data was obtained from paramedic and patient history.

    RESULTS: There were 4,576 patients studied. Most were Singapore citizens (83.4 %) or permanent residents (2.4 %), with the largest non-resident groups from Malaysia, India, and China. Overall seatbelt compliance was 82.1 %. On univariate analysis, seatbelt compliance was higher in older patients (OR 1.02, 95 % CI 1.001-1.021, p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles/statistics & numerical data
  11. Analysis of developed transition road safety barrier systems
    Soltani M, Moghaddam TB, Karim MR, Sulong NH
    Accid Anal Prev, 2013 Oct;59:240-52.
    PMID: 23820073 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.05.029
    Road safety barriers protect vehicles from roadside hazards by redirecting errant vehicles in a safe manner as well as providing high levels of safety during and after impact. This paper focused on transition safety barrier systems which were located at the point of attachment between a bridge and roadside barriers. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the behavior of transition systems located at upstream bridge rail with different designs and performance levels. Design factors such as occupant risk and vehicle trajectory for different systems were collected and compared. To achieve this aim a comprehensive database was developed using previous studies. The comparison showed that Test 3-21, which is conducted by impacting a pickup truck with speed of 100 km/h and angle of 25° to transition system, was the most severe test. Occupant impact velocity and ridedown acceleration for heavy vehicles were lower than the amounts for passenger cars and pickup trucks, and in most cases higher occupant lateral impact ridedown acceleration was observed on vehicles subjected to higher levels of damage. The best transition system was selected to give optimum performance which reduced occupant risk factors using the similar crashes in accordance with Test 3-21.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  12. On the sensitivity of some common metallographic reagents to restoring obliterated marks on medium carbon (0.31% C) steel surfaces
    Yin SH, Kuppuswamy R
    Forensic Sci Int, 2009 Jan 10;183(1-3):50-3.
    PMID: 19041202 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.10.009
    Chemical etching, which is the most sensitive method to recover obliterated serial numbers on metal surfaces, has been practised quite successfully in forensic science laboratories all over the world. A large number of etchants suitable for particular metal surfaces based on empirical studies is available in the literature. This article reviews the sensitivity and efficacy of some popular etchants for recovering obliterated marks on medium carbon steel (0.31% C with ferrite-pearlite microstructure) used in automobile parts. The experiments involved engraving these carbon steel plates with some alphanumeric characters using a computer controlled machine "Gravograph" and erasing them to several depths below the bottom of their engraving depth. Seven metallographic reagents of which most of them were copper containing compounds were chosen for etching. The erased plates were etched with every one of these etchants using swabbing method. The results have revealed that Fry's reagent comprising cupric chloride 90 g, hydrochloric acid 120 mL and water 100mL provided the necessary contrast and was concluded to be the most sensitive. The same reagent was recommended by earlier workers for revealing strain lines in steel surfaces. Earlier, another reagent containing 5 g copper sulphate, 60 mL water, 30 mL (conc.) ammonium hydroxide, and 60 mL (conc.) hydrochloric acid was proved to be more sensitive to restore erased marks on low carbon steel (0.1% C with ferrite-pearlite structure) [M.A.M. Zaili, R. Kuppuswamy, H. Harun, Restoration of engraved marks on steel surfaces by etching technique, Forensic Sci. Int. 171 (2007) 27-32]. Thus the sensitivity of the etching reagent on steel surfaces appeared to be dependent on the content of carbon in the steel.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  13. Fulltext Influence of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on the Rheological Behavior and Physical Properties of Kenaf Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
    Abdul Azam F', Razak Z, Md Radzi MKF, Muhamad N, Che Haron CH, Sulong AB
    Polymers (Basel), 2020 Sep 13;12(9).
    PMID: 32933225 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092083
    The incorporation of kenaf fiber fillers into a polymer matrix has been pronounced in the past few decades. In this study, the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a short kenaf fiber (20 mesh) with polypropylene (PP) added was investigated. The melt blending process was performed using an internal mixer to produce polymer composites with different filler contents, while the suitability of this melt composite for the injection molding process was evaluated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to investigate the thermal stability of the raw materials. Rheological analyses were conducted by varying the temperature, load factor, and filler content. The results demonstrate a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior in all samples with changed kenaf fillers (10 to 40 wt %) and MWCNT contents (1 to 4 wt %), which confirm the suitability of the feedstock for the injection molding process. The addition of MWCNTs had an immense effect on the viscosity and an enormous reduction in the feedstock flow behavior. The main contribution of this work is the comprehensive observation of the rheological characteristics of newly produced short PP/kenaf composites that were altered after MWCNT additions. This study also presented an adverse effect on the composites containing MWCNTs, indicating a hydrophilic property with improved water absorption stability and the low flammability effect of PP/kenaf/MWCNT composites. This PP/kenaf/MWCNT green composite produced through the injection molding technique has great potential to be used as car components in the automotive industry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  14. Fulltext Hybrid Nanocellulose-Copper (II) Oxide as Engine Oil Additives for Tribological Behavior Improvement
    Hisham S, Kadirgama K, Mohammed HA, Kumar A, Ramasamy D, Samykano M, et al.
    Molecules, 2020 Jun 28;25(13).
    PMID: 32605301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132975
    Friction and wear are the main factors in the failure of the piston in automobile engines. The objective of this work was to improve the tribological behaviour and lubricant properties using hybrid Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) and Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles blended with SAE 40 as a base fluid. The two-step method was used in the hybrid nanofluid preparation. Three different concentrations were prepared in a range of 0.1% to 0.5%. Kinematic viscosity and viscosity index were also identified. The friction and wear behavior were evaluated using a tribometer based on ASTM G181. The CNC-CuO nano lubricant shows a significant improvement in term of viscosity index by 44.3-47.12% while for friction, the coefficient of friction (COF) decreases by 1.5%, respectively, during high and low-speed loads (boundary regime), and 30.95% during a high-speed, and low load (mixed regime). The wear morphologies results also show that a smoother surface was obtained after using CNC-CuO nano lubricant compared to SAE 40.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  15. Fulltext Kenaf Fiber/Pet Yarn Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Polymer Composites: Morphological, Tensile, and Flammability Properties
    Suriani MJ, Zainudin HA, Ilyas RA, Petrů M, Sapuan SM, Ruzaidi CM, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 May 10;13(9).
    PMID: 34068794 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091532
    The application of natural fibers is rapidly growing in many sectors, such as construction, automobile, and furniture. Kenaf fiber (KF) is a natural fiber that is in demand owing to its eco-friendly and renewable nature. Nowadays, there are various new applications for kenaf, such as in absorbents and building materials. It also has commercial applications, such as in the automotive industry. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) is used as a fire retardant as it is low in cost and has good flame retardancy, while polyester yarn (PET) has high tensile strength. The aim of this study was to determine the horizontal burning rate, tensile strength, and surface morphology of kenaf fiber/PET yarn reinforced epoxy fire retardant composites. The composites were prepared by hybridized epoxy and Mg(OH)2 PET with different amounts of KF content (0%, 20%, 35%, and 50%) using the cold press method. The specimen with 35% KF (epoxy/PET/KF-35) displayed better flammability properties and had the lowest average burning rate of 14.55 mm/min, while epoxy/PET/KF-50 with 50% KF had the highest tensile strength of all the samples. This was due to fewer defects being detected on the surface morphology of epoxy/PET/KF-35 compared to the other samples, which influenced the mechanical properties of the composites.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  16. Fulltext Preliminary study on metallic coating of steel substrates through hot dip aluminizing by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) technique
    Hishamuddin Husain, Anasyida Abu Seman, Abdul Razak Daud, Muhamad Daud
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2009;2009(2):63-69.
    MyJurnal
    Even though a lot of new advanced materials have been developed nowadays, steel remains a major material in construction, automobiles, appliances, industrial machinery as well as in the nuclear industry. Due to steel easily corroded, a proper surface protection is required to avoid any failures and extended the life cycle of the components. Surface coating is an efficient and economical method to obtain desirable material surfaces properties. Hot dip aluminizing technique was utilized in this study. Experiments have been conducted on the mild steel substrates with 12mm diameter. Prior to hot dipping process, observation on grain growth at three different temperatures had also been conducted to understand the behaviour of steel under application of heat. The substrates were heated at 700ºC, 800ºC and 900ºC for 1 hour and the microstructure was analyzed. The temperature of 800C was chosen for hot dipping. The substrates were dipped into the molten aluminum maintained at temperature 800ºC for 2,4,6,8,10,15 and 20 minutes. Optical microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used in this investigation. From the microstructure observation, it showed the appearance of intermetallic layer covered by the top layer of Al on the mild steel substrate increased with the increase in dipping time ranging from 36 to 282μm. The result of EDX analysis revealed the existence of Fe and Al in form of Fe2Al5 phase for all the dipping time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  17. Fulltext The prevalence of hand arm vibration syndrome among automobile assembly workers
    Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin, Nor MaizuraYusoff, Anita Abd Rahman, Dayana Hazwani, M.S.N., Mansour A. Balkhyour
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(20):128-136.
    MyJurnal
    The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of hand-arm vibration (HAVS) among the automobile
    assembly workers and the associated risks. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of
    HAVS and also ascertain the association between HAVS and reduction in VPT among workers using vibration hand held
    tool in automobile industry. Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome
    (HAVS) among vibrating hand held tool exposed workers. A cross sectional study design using structured
    questionnaire and invasive measurement of vibrotactile perception threshold (VPT) at the fingertips was conducted
    in one of the automobile company in Klang Valley. All the respondents were hand arm vibration exposed workers. A
    total 109 assembly line workers with at least one year job tenure participated in this study. The finding revealed
    that 27.5% of workers reported HAVS through questionnaire. This study consisted of 109 respondents. All of them
    were male. The mean age was 32.9 years. The mean daily vibration exposure for 8-hours was 1.41m/s2. There was
    11% of the tools measured were above the Action Level recommended by European Union Directive 2002. The overall
    prevalence of HAVS based on reported symptom through questionnaire was 27.5%. None of the respondent reported
    any whiteness at their fingers due to exposure to vibration. However, 36.7% of the respondent reported tingling
    sensation and 57.8 % reported the feeling of numbness in their hands. Only 10.1% claim that the pain was
    persistence. Since this study was done among exposed workers without control group, the thresholds were measured
    by comparing the observed VPT with the VPT of healthy population provided by ISO 13091-2. The result showed that
    98.2% of the respondent in this study having positive threshold which indicate the percentage of respondent that
    having deterioration in finger tactile perception. The positive threshold from comparison above showed that the
    respondent of this study was affected with the vibration exposure. The value proven that the exposure has caused
    the deterioration of tactile sensitivity in 98.2% of respondent in this study which showed by having positive threshold
    compared to healthy population. The result also showed that there was a significant correlation between daily
    vibration exposure A (8) and VPT at both frequency tested which was 31.5Hz (r = 0.417, p = 0.002) and 125Hz (r =
    0.480, p = 0.001). Even though the mean daily vibration exposure for 8-hours was low and below the recommended
    level, the workers still exposed to the effect of hand arm vibration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  18. Fulltext The effect of lighting conditions and use of headlights on drivers' perception and appraisal of approaching vehicles at junctions
    Lee YM, Sheppard E
    Ergonomics, 2018 Mar;61(3):444-455.
    PMID: 28782425 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1364790
    Use of Daytime Running Lights (DRL) is mandatory in many countries for motorcycles, and in some for cars. However, in developing countries, DRLs may be optional or compliance low. The effect of car or motorcycle headlights and lighting conditions on Malaysian drivers' ability to perceive and judge the safety of pulling out was investigated. Stimuli were photographs depicting either daytime or nighttime taken at a T-junction with approaching vehicles with headlights on or off. Headlights improved drivers' ability to perceive cars and motorcycles in the nighttime photographs but not the daytime photographs, although this could be due to the bright weather in the photographs. Drivers judged it less safe to pull out when approaching motorcycles had headlights on than off, regardless of the lighting conditions, supporting the utility of DRL for motorcycles. Headlights did not affect judgements for cars, questioning the utility of DRL for cars. Practitioner Summary: The effect of headlights and lighting conditions on drivers' ability to perceive and make judgements about the safety of pulling out was investigated. Daytime Running Lights influenced drivers' decision-making about the safety of pulling out in front of motorcycles, illustrating the importance of having automatic headlights equipped.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  19. Fulltext Effect of Printing Parameters on Tensile, Dynamic Mechanical, and Thermoelectric Properties of FDM 3D Printed CABS/ZnO Composites
    Aw YY, Yeoh CK, Idris MA, Teh PL, Hamzah KA, Sazali SA
    Materials (Basel), 2018 Mar 22;11(4).
    PMID: 29565286 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040466
    Fused deposition modelling (FDM) has been widely used in medical appliances, automobile, aircraft and aerospace, household appliances, toys, and many other fields. The ease of processing, low cost and high flexibility of FDM technique are strong advantages compared to other techniques for thermoelectric polymer composite fabrication. This research work focuses on the effect of two crucial printing parameters (infill density and printing pattern) on the tensile, dynamic mechanical, and thermoelectric properties of conductive acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/zinc oxide (CABS/ZnO composites fabricated by FDM technique. Results revealed significant improvement in tensile strength and Young's modulus, with a decrease in elongation at break with infill density. Improvement in dynamic storage modulus was observed when infill density changed from 50% to 100%. However, the loss modulus and damping factor reduced gradually. The increase of thermal conductivity was relatively smaller compared to the improvement of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, therefore, the calculated figure of merit (ZT) value increased with infill density. Line pattern performed better than rectilinear, especially in tensile properties and electrical conductivity. From the results obtained, FDM-fabricated CABS/ZnO showed much potential as a promising candidate for thermoelectric application.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  20. Fulltext Effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation therapy as a worksite health promotion program in the automobile assembly line
    Sundram BM, Dahlui M, Chinna K
    Ind Health, 2016 Jun 10;54(3):204-14.
    PMID: 26726829 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2014-0091
    The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) as part of a Worksite Health Promotion Program on self-perceived stress, anxiety and depression among male automotive assembly-line workers through a quasi-experimental trial. Two assembly plants were chosen with one receiving PMR therapy and the other Pamphlets. Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted to test the effectiveness of the relaxation therapy. Stress, Depression and Anxiety levels were measured using the shortened DASS-21 questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Independent sample t test and Repeated-measures analysis of variance to test the significance of the effects of intervention (time * group) for the measures of Stress, Depression and Anxiety. Significant favourable intervention effects on stress were found in the PMR group (Effect size=0.6) as compared to the Pamphlet group (Effect size=0.2). There was a significant group *time interaction effect (p<0.001) on Stress levels. Depression and Anxiety levels were minimal at baseline in both the groups with mild or no reduction in levels. The improvement in stress levels showed the potential of PMR therapy as a coping strategy at the workplace. Further research in this field is necessary to examine the beneficial effects of coping strategies in the workplace.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles*
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