Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 60 in total

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  1. Fulltext Working conditions, self-perceived stress, anxiety, depression and quality of life: a structural equation modelling approach
    Rusli BN, Edimansyah BA, Naing L
    BMC Public Health, 2008 Feb 06;8:48.
    PMID: 18254966 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-48
    BACKGROUND: The relationships between working conditions [job demand, job control and social support]; stress, anxiety, and depression; and perceived quality of life factors [physical health, psychological wellbeing, social relationships and environmental conditions] were assessed using a sample of 698 male automotive assembly workers in Malaysia.

    METHODS: The validated Malay version of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) were used. A structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was applied to test the structural relationships of the model using AMOS version 6.0, with the maximum likelihood ratio as the method of estimation.

    RESULTS: The results of the SEM supported the hypothesized structural model (chi2 = 22.801, df = 19, p = 0.246). The final model shows that social support (JCQ) was directly related to all 4 factors of the WHOQOL-BREF and inversely related to depression and stress (DASS). Job demand (JCQ) was directly related to stress (DASS) and inversely related to the environmental conditions (WHOQOL-BREF). Job control (JCQ) was directly related to social relationships (WHOQOL-BREF). Stress (DASS) was directly related to anxiety and depression (DASS) and inversely related to physical health, environment conditions and social relationships (WHOQOL-BREF). Anxiety (DASS) was directly related to depression (DASS) and inversely related to physical health (WHOQOL-BREF). Depression (DASS) was inversely related to the psychological wellbeing (WHOQOL-BREF). Finally, stress, anxiety and depression (DASS) mediate the relationships between job demand and social support (JCQ) to the 4 factors of WHOQOL-BREF.

    CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that higher social support increases the self-reported quality of life of these workers. Higher job control increases the social relationships, whilst higher job demand increases the self-perceived stress and decreases the self-perceived quality of life related to environmental factors. The mediating role of depression, anxiety and stress on the relationship between working conditions and perceived quality of life in automotive workers should be taken into account in managing stress amongst these workers.

    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  2. Vehicular traffic noise prediction and propagation modelling using neural networks and geospatial information system
    Ahmed AA, Pradhan B
    Environ Monit Assess, 2019 Feb 26;191(3):190.
    PMID: 30809746 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7333-3
    This study proposes a neural network (NN) model to predict and simulate the propagation of vehicular traffic noise in a dense residential area at the New Klang Valley Expressway (NKVE) in Shah Alam, Malaysia. The proposed model comprises of two main simulation steps: that is, the prediction of vehicular traffic noise using NN and the simulation of the propagation of traffic noise emission using a mathematical model. First, the NN model was developed with the following selected noise predictors: the number of motorbikes, the sum of vehicles, car ratio, heavy vehicle ratio (e.g. truck, lorry and bus), highway density and a light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived digital surface model (DSM). Subsequently, NN and its hyperparameters were optimised by a systematic optimisation procedure based on a grid search approach. The noise propagation model was then developed in a geographic information system (GIS) using five variables, namely road geometry, barriers, distance, interaction of air particles and weather parameters. The noise measurement was conducted continuously at 15-min intervals and the data were analysed by taking the minimum, maximum and average values recorded during the day. The measurement was performed four times a day (i.e. morning, afternoon, evening, and midnight) over two days of the week (i.e. Sunday and Monday). An optimal radial basis function NN was used with 17 hidden layers. The learning rate and momentum values were 0.05 and 0.9, respectively. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method achieved 78.4% with less than 4.02 dB (A) error in noise prediction. Overall, the proposed models were found to be promising tools for traffic noise assessment in dense urban areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  3. Fulltext Triggering Emotional Value Through Aesthetics of Compact Car Design in Malaysia
    Muhamad Aiman Afiq Mohd Noor, Azhari Md Hashim
    International Journal of Innovation and Industrial Revolution, 2020;2(4):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    The relationship between typicality and novelty was discussed in order to identify the significant emotional value arising in the compact car design of Malaysian manufacturers. Typicality and novelty usually are associated with the aesthetic preference of human artefacts as in this study in compact car design. Considering a typical product is rarely new and, conversely, a novel product often labelled as typical, the positive effects of both features seem incompatible. This paper discusses the history of the Malaysian manufacturer’s compact car design according to its timeline and the current market based on its model and achievement. Furthermore, the relationship between compact car design such as the limitation of emotional value arising through typicality and novelty of specific compact car design and how it triggers the user’s perception through its aesthetics form. Hence, a pilot study was conducted to validate a set of stimulus and questionnaires as a way to formulate an actual survey. Finally, the outcome of this study will suggest a way forward in exploring typicality and novelty through a reliable method of compact car design
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  4. Trait driving anger and driving styles among Colombian professional drivers
    Useche SA, Cendales B, Alonso F, Montoro L, Pastor JC
    Heliyon, 2019 Aug;5(8):e02259.
    PMID: 31440599 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02259
    This study analyzes the association between trait driving anger and driving styles in a sample of Colombian professional drivers. Additionally, the internal and external validity of the Deffenbacher's Driving Anger Scale (DAS-14) was examined in the study population. The DAS-14 and the Spanish Version of the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory (S-MDSI) were administered to 492 urban bus and taxi operators. Average trait driving anger scores in the study population were similar to those reported in previous validation studies from Spain, Argentina, China, and Malaysia. After deleting three cross-loaded items, confirmatory factor analyses revealed a three-dimensional latent structure for the DAS-14, similar but not equal to the previous Spanish speaking validations. This factorial structure fits the data reasonably well. Finally, linear regression analyses revealed that the three factors of the DAS-14 (impeded progress by others, illegal driving, and direct hostility) significantly predict adaptive and maladaptive driving styles. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the DAS-14 is a reasonably reliable measure of driving anger traits among professional drivers, and it also provides relevant insights for the prevention of risky driving styles in this occupational group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  5. Fulltext Total electron content forecasting using artificial neural network
    Rohaida Mat Akir, Kalaivani Chellappan, Mardina Abdullah
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(106):19-28.
    MyJurnal
    Space weather forecasting and its importance for the power and communication industry have inspired research related to TEC forecasting lately. Research has attempted to establish an empirical model approach for TEC prediction. In this paper, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been applied in total electron content using GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitor (GISTM) data from UKM Station. The TEC prediction will be useful in improving the quality of current GNSS applications, such as in automobiles, road mapping, location-based advertising, personal navigation or logistics. Hence, a neural network model was designed with relevant features and customised parameters. Various types of input data and data representations from the ionospheric activity were used for the chosen network structure, which was a three-layer perceptron trained by feed forward back propagation method and tested on the chosen test data. We found that the optimum RMSE occurred with 10 nodes as the best NN for GISTM UKM station for the studied period with RMSE 1.3457 TECU. An analysis was made to compare the TEC from the measured TEC with neural network prediction and from IRI-corr model. The results showed that the NN model forecast the TEC values close to the measured TEC values with 9.96% of relative error. Thus, the forecasting of total electron content has the potential to be implemented successfully with larger data set from multi-centred environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  6. Fulltext The study of seating pressure on car seat between two national cars
    Mohd Hidayat, A.R., Nurul Ain, M., Mohd Nazri, A., Mohd Hairizal, O., Mohammad Khalid, W., Tan, W.H., et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2018;18(102):135-141.
    MyJurnal
    The main objective of this research is to compare the seating pressure during the driving session between two
    different types of national cars. The objective of this research is to conduct object pressure distribution study on
    two different types of car seat using CONFORMat (model 5330) with system model CER2, compare and analyse the
    results based on object pressure between both car seat. Twelve respondents participated a driving session with
    TekscanCONFORMat (model 5330) setup using the same route for both national car. We select two types of national
    cars equipped with automatic transmission for this research. The seat pressure on the subject along the journey is
    recorded using TekscanCONFORMat Research 7.60 software. Later, comparison made with respect to the seat
    pressure experiencedby twelve respondents. The results shows different values of backand seat pressure recorded
    among the twelve subjects. Lastly, the results are analysedand discussed at the end of this paper. Model B seat
    design has better ability to distribute evenly the pressure to both seat and back. However, results for Model A
    showed the pressure is more concentrated on the seat area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  7. Fulltext The relationship between job satisfaction and job factors in industrial work design: a case study of the automotive industries in Malaysia
    Dawal SZ, Taha Z
    J Hum Ergol (Tokyo), 2004 Dec;33(1-2):19-27.
    PMID: 17402505 DOI: 10.11183/jhe1972.33.19
    A survey was conducted to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and job factors that affect work design in two automotives manufacturing companies in Malaysia. A set of multiple choices questionnaires was developed and data were collected by interviewing the employees at the production plant. Hundred and seventy male subjects between the ages of 18 to 40 years with the mean age of 26.8 and SD of 5.3 years and mean work experience of 6.5 and SD of 4.9 years took part in the survey. The survey focused on job factors, i.e. skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback. The results support the previous findings that job factors are significantly correlated to job satisfaction. Furthermore, it also highlights the significant influence of age, work experience and marital status.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles*
  8. The prioritization of visuo-spatial associations during mental imagery
    Umar H, Mast FW, Cacchione T, Martarelli CS
    Cogn Process, 2021 May;22(2):227-237.
    PMID: 33404898 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-020-01010-5
    While previous research has shown that during mental imagery participants look back to areas visited during encoding it is unclear what happens when information presented during encoding is incongruent. To investigate this research question, we presented 30 participants with incongruent audio-visual associations (e.g. the image of a car paired with the sound of a cat) and later asked them to create a congruent mental representation based on the auditory cue (e.g. to create a mental representation of a cat while hearing the sound of a cat). The results revealed that participants spent more time in the areas where they previously saw the object and that incongruent audio-visual information during encoding did not appear to interfere with the generation and maintenance of mental images. This finding suggests that eye movements can be flexibly employed during mental imagery depending on the demands of the task.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  9. Fulltext The prevalence of hand arm vibration syndrome among automobile assembly workers
    Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin, Nor MaizuraYusoff, Anita Abd Rahman, Dayana Hazwani, M.S.N., Mansour A. Balkhyour
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(20):128-136.
    MyJurnal
    The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of hand-arm vibration (HAVS) among the automobile
    assembly workers and the associated risks. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of
    HAVS and also ascertain the association between HAVS and reduction in VPT among workers using vibration hand held
    tool in automobile industry. Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome
    (HAVS) among vibrating hand held tool exposed workers. A cross sectional study design using structured
    questionnaire and invasive measurement of vibrotactile perception threshold (VPT) at the fingertips was conducted
    in one of the automobile company in Klang Valley. All the respondents were hand arm vibration exposed workers. A
    total 109 assembly line workers with at least one year job tenure participated in this study. The finding revealed
    that 27.5% of workers reported HAVS through questionnaire. This study consisted of 109 respondents. All of them
    were male. The mean age was 32.9 years. The mean daily vibration exposure for 8-hours was 1.41m/s2. There was
    11% of the tools measured were above the Action Level recommended by European Union Directive 2002. The overall
    prevalence of HAVS based on reported symptom through questionnaire was 27.5%. None of the respondent reported
    any whiteness at their fingers due to exposure to vibration. However, 36.7% of the respondent reported tingling
    sensation and 57.8 % reported the feeling of numbness in their hands. Only 10.1% claim that the pain was
    persistence. Since this study was done among exposed workers without control group, the thresholds were measured
    by comparing the observed VPT with the VPT of healthy population provided by ISO 13091-2. The result showed that
    98.2% of the respondent in this study having positive threshold which indicate the percentage of respondent that
    having deterioration in finger tactile perception. The positive threshold from comparison above showed that the
    respondent of this study was affected with the vibration exposure. The value proven that the exposure has caused
    the deterioration of tactile sensitivity in 98.2% of respondent in this study which showed by having positive threshold
    compared to healthy population. The result also showed that there was a significant correlation between daily
    vibration exposure A (8) and VPT at both frequency tested which was 31.5Hz (r = 0.417, p = 0.002) and 125Hz (r =
    0.480, p = 0.001). Even though the mean daily vibration exposure for 8-hours was low and below the recommended
    level, the workers still exposed to the effect of hand arm vibration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  10. The motorcycle deaths to passenger car deaths ratio and economic performance: A panel data analysis
    Sirajudeen AO, Law TH, Wong SV, Ng CP
    Accid Anal Prev, 2022 Feb;165:106533.
    PMID: 34902624 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106533
    The existing literature in road safety revealed that the relationship between motorcycle deaths and per-head income follows a Kuznets or reverse U-curve pattern, whereby motorcycle deaths incline at lower income levels but decline once the per-head income has exceeded a threshold level. The same reverse U-curve relationship was also observed between per-head income and other road injury-related variables, including road deaths, road injuries, as well as road deaths to road injuries ratio. Evidence showed that motorcycles and passenger cars are the dominant vehicle modes and contributed significantly to global road deaths. The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the motorcycle deaths to passenger car deaths (MDC) ratio and per-head Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Examining the relationship between the MDC ratio and GDP per capita can be effective in understanding the relative change between motorcycle and passenger car deaths at different economic development stages, as well as identifying appropriate preventive measures. We apply a panel linear regression analysis on a panel of 38 countries over the period 1965-2013. Result demonstrated that there is a reverse U-curve relationship between the MDC ratio and the logarithm of GDP per capita. This implies that, at lower levels of GDP per capita, motorcycle deaths were more prevalent than passenger car deaths, whereas as the level of GDP per capita rises, passenger car deaths became relatively prevalent than motorcycle deaths. Moreover, there is a reverse U-shaped relationship between motorcycle ownership to passenger car ownership ratio (MPC) and the MDC ratio, while a U-shaped relationship exists between relative growth in higher mobility roads as compared to higher accessibility roads (MPA) and the MDC ratio. Based on our results, policies and interventions to reduce motorcycle and passenger car deaths were suggested in the conclusion of the paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles*
  11. The effect of motion and signalling on drivers' ability to predict intentions of other road users
    Lee YM, Sheppard E
    Accid Anal Prev, 2016 Oct;95(Pt A):202-8.
    PMID: 27450792 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.07.011
    Failure in making the correct judgment about the intention of an approaching vehicle at a junction could lead to a collision. This paper investigated the impact of dynamic information on drivers' judgments about the intentions of approaching cars and motorcycles, and whether a valid or invalid signal was provided was also manipulated. Participants were presented with videoclips of vehicles approaching a junction which terminated immediately before the vehicle made any manoeuvre, or images of the final frame of each video. They were asked to judge whether or not the vehicle would turn. Drivers were better in judging the manoeuvre of approaching vehicles in dynamic than static stimuli, for both vehicle types. Drivers were better in judging the manoeuvre of cars than motorcycles for videos, but not for photographs. Drivers were also better in judging the manoeuvre of approaching vehicles when a valid signal was provided than an invalid signal, demonstrating the importance of providing a valid signal while driving. However, drivers were still somewhat successful in their judgments in most of the conditions with an invalid signal, suggesting that drivers were able to focus on other cues to intention. Finally, given that dynamic stimuli more closely reflect the demands of real-life driving there may be a need for drivers to adopt a more cautious approach while inferring a motorcyclist's intentions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  12. Fulltext The effect of lighting conditions and use of headlights on drivers' perception and appraisal of approaching vehicles at junctions
    Lee YM, Sheppard E
    Ergonomics, 2018 Mar;61(3):444-455.
    PMID: 28782425 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1364790
    Use of Daytime Running Lights (DRL) is mandatory in many countries for motorcycles, and in some for cars. However, in developing countries, DRLs may be optional or compliance low. The effect of car or motorcycle headlights and lighting conditions on Malaysian drivers' ability to perceive and judge the safety of pulling out was investigated. Stimuli were photographs depicting either daytime or nighttime taken at a T-junction with approaching vehicles with headlights on or off. Headlights improved drivers' ability to perceive cars and motorcycles in the nighttime photographs but not the daytime photographs, although this could be due to the bright weather in the photographs. Drivers judged it less safe to pull out when approaching motorcycles had headlights on than off, regardless of the lighting conditions, supporting the utility of DRL for motorcycles. Headlights did not affect judgements for cars, questioning the utility of DRL for cars. Practitioner Summary: The effect of headlights and lighting conditions on drivers' ability to perceive and make judgements about the safety of pulling out was investigated. Daytime Running Lights influenced drivers' decision-making about the safety of pulling out in front of motorcycles, illustrating the importance of having automatic headlights equipped.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  13. Fulltext The effect of job organizational factors on job satisfaction in two automotive industries in Malaysia
    Dawal SZ, Taha Z
    J Hum Ergol (Tokyo), 2007 Dec;36(2):63-8.
    PMID: 18572797 DOI: 10.11183/jhe1972.36.2_63
    A methodology is developed in diagnosing the effect of job organizational factors on job satisfaction in two automotive industries in Malaysia. One hundred and seventy male subjects of age 18-40 years with the mean age of 26.8 and standard deviation (SD) of 5.3 years and the mean work experience of 6.5 years and SD of 4.9 years took part in the study. Five job organizational factors were tested in the study including job rotation, work method, training, problem solving and goal setting. A job organization questionnaire was designed and was based on respondents' perception in relation to job satisfaction. The results showed that job organization factors were significantly related to job satisfaction. Job rotation, work method, training and goal setting showed strong correlation with job satisfaction while problem solving had intermediate correlation in the first automotive industry. On the other hand, most job organization factors showed intermediate correlation with job satisfaction in the second automotive industry except the training factor which had low correlation with job satisfaction. These results highlight that job rotation, work methods, problem solving and goal setting are outstanding factors in the study of job satisfaction for automotive industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles*
  14. Fulltext The cross cultural study on driving behaviour of Malaysian ageing automobile drivers
    Nazlin, H.A., Siti Zawiah, M.D.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(20):121-127.
    MyJurnal
    This study focuses on the application of the Malaysian Driving Behaviour Questionnaire(DBQ). The aim of this study is
    to investigate and analyse the significant driving behaviour of the ageing Malaysian automobile drivers. The sets of
    questionnaire was completed by a total number of 102 ageing drivers consists of 58 males (56.86%) and 44 females
    (43.14%). The age of respondents ranges from 50 to 75 years (M = 57.21) and (SD = 5.60). The DBQ contains 12 items
    of demographic questions and 41 items measuring driving behaviour in traffic. The driving behaviours were classified
    into four factors which are driving distractions, violations, errors and lapses. The most significant correlation
    coefficient is between age and distractions (r = 0.456, p
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  15. Fulltext Survey of body part symptoms among workers in a car tyre service centre
    Abd Rahman MN, Aziz FA, Yusuff RM
    J Hum Ergol (Tokyo), 2010 Jun;39(1):53-6.
    PMID: 21922791 DOI: 10.11183/jhe.39.53
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of body part symptoms and sources of injury/discomfort among workers in a car tyre service centre. Questionnaire survey and interview session were used to identify the level of body discomfort areas and sources of injury or discomfort. From questionnaire survey findings, 12 of respondents have body discomfort in the neck (66.7%%), shoulder (83.3%), elbow/forearm (75%), hand/wrist (91.7%), knee (58.3%), lower leg (75%), ankle/foot (33%) and lower back (30%). The main sources of injury/discomfort in the workplace were poor body posture (75%), bending the back (75%), highly repetitive motions (75%), lifting heavy objects (83.3%), the long-term standing (66.7%), long-term squatting (58.3%), bending the neck (66.7%) and high hand force (58.3%). About 50% reported that poor workplace design also contributed to injury while 41.7% mentioned the use of hand tools. To address modifying the ergonomic hazards, engineering controls and administrative controls can be used. The study will be useful to ergonomists, researchers, consultants, workshop managers, maintenance workers and others concerned with identifying body part symptoms and sources of injury/discomfort at the workplace.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  16. Self-perceived depression, anxiety, stress and their relationships with psychosocial job factors in male automotive assembly workers
    Edimansyah BA, Rusli BN, Naing L, Mohamed Rusli BA, Winn T, Tengku Mohamed Ariff BR
    Ind Health, 2008 Jan;46(1):90-100.
    PMID: 18270454
    Depression, anxiety and stress have been recognized as important mental outcome measures in stressful working settings. The present study explores the prevalence of self-perceived depression, anxiety and stress; and their relationships with psychosocial job factors. A cross-sectional study involving 728 male automotive assembly workers was conducted in two major automotive assembly plants in Malaysia using the validated Malay versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Based on the DASS cut-off of > or =78 percentile scores, the prevalence of self-perceived depression, anxiety and stress was 35.4%, 47.2% and 31.1%, respectively. Four (0.5%), 29 (4.0%) and 2 (0.3%) workers, respectively, reported extremely severe self-perceived depression, anxiety and stress. Multiple linear regression analyses, controlling for age, education, salary, duration of work and marital status, revealed that psychological job demand, job insecurity and hazardous condition were positively associated with DASS-Depression, DASS-Anxiety and DASS-Stress; supervisor support was inversely associated with DASS-Depression and DASS-Stress. We suggest that reducing psychological job demand, job insecurity and hazardous condition factors may improve the self-perceived depression, anxiety and stress in male automotive assembly workers. Supervisor support is protective for self-perceived depression and stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles*
  17. Fulltext Revisiting pedestrian casualties in Malaysia and the escalating new threats
    Mohd Syazwan, S., Aqbal, H.A., Azhar, H., Zulhadi, M., Sharifah Allyana, S.M.R., Baba M.D.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2018;18(102):104-110.
    MyJurnal
    Pedestrians' fatality trend in road crashes has been improving in recent years though it remains third in rank behind
    motorcyclists and car occupants. Based on the statistics, young pedestrians were the most affected group and the
    commonest injury regions were head and legs. Pedestrian crashes occurred primarily in rural areas and straight roads
    and at low light environment, and often involve cars and motorcycles. In addition to existing issues of careless and
    illegal crossing practices, there are potential new hazards face by pedestrian, which are mobile electronic device use
    and electric vehicle, especially when crossing roads. Road safety programs and interventions shall consider these new
    issues.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  18. Relationship of psychosocial work factors and health-related quality of life in male automotive assembly workers in Malaysia
    Edimansyah BA, Rusli BN, Naing L, Mohamed Rusli BA, Winn T
    Ind Health, 2007 Jun;45(3):437-48.
    PMID: 17634693
    The present study investigates the relationship between psychosocial work factors and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in male automotive assembly plant workers in Malaysia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 728 male workers were recruited in March-July 2005 from 2 major automotive assembly plants in Selangor and Pahang. In this cross-sectional study, information on socio-demography, psychosocial work factors using the 97-item Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and an abbreviated 26-item version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire containing 4 domains (physical health, psychological, social relationship, and environment) was self-administered to all workers involved.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prevalence of reported good or very good overall HRQOL and general health was 64.9% and 53.7%, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that created skill was positively associated with physical health and psychological domains; whilst, skill discretion was positively associated with social relationship and environment domains. Social support was positively associated with physical health and environment domains; whilst, co-worker support was positively associated with psychological and social relationship domains. Job insecurity and hazardous condition were negatively associated with all domains, whilst psychological job demands was negatively associated with the environment domain of HRQOL.

    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles*
  19. Fulltext Preliminary study on metallic coating of steel substrates through hot dip aluminizing by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) technique
    Hishamuddin Husain, Anasyida Abu Seman, Abdul Razak Daud, Muhamad Daud
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2009;2009(2):63-69.
    MyJurnal
    Even though a lot of new advanced materials have been developed nowadays, steel remains a major material in construction, automobiles, appliances, industrial machinery as well as in the nuclear industry. Due to steel easily corroded, a proper surface protection is required to avoid any failures and extended the life cycle of the components. Surface coating is an efficient and economical method to obtain desirable material surfaces properties. Hot dip aluminizing technique was utilized in this study. Experiments have been conducted on the mild steel substrates with 12mm diameter. Prior to hot dipping process, observation on grain growth at three different temperatures had also been conducted to understand the behaviour of steel under application of heat. The substrates were heated at 700ºC, 800ºC and 900ºC for 1 hour and the microstructure was analyzed. The temperature of 800C was chosen for hot dipping. The substrates were dipped into the molten aluminum maintained at temperature 800ºC for 2,4,6,8,10,15 and 20 minutes. Optical microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used in this investigation. From the microstructure observation, it showed the appearance of intermetallic layer covered by the top layer of Al on the mild steel substrate increased with the increase in dipping time ranging from 36 to 282μm. The result of EDX analysis revealed the existence of Fe and Al in form of Fe2Al5 phase for all the dipping time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
  20. Pediatric craniomaxillofacial injuries after road traffic crashes: characteristics of injuries and protective equipment use
    Yunus SS, Ngeow WC, Ramli R
    Am J Emerg Med, 2015 Sep;33(9):1253-7.
    PMID: 26026365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.05.009
    A cross-sectional study to determine the pattern of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) injuries among children involved in road traffic crashes was performed. The association of protective equipment use with the CMF injuries was evaluated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Automobiles
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