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Fulltext More than meets the smile: facial muscle expression in children with Ochoa syndrome

Ganesan I, Thomas T

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Dec;66(5):507-9.
PMID: 22390114 MyJurnal

The Ochoa syndrome is the association of a non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder with abnormal facial muscle expression. Patients are at risk for renal failure due to obstructive uropathy. We report a family of three siblings, with an emphasis on the abnormalities in facial expression. Careful examination shows an unusual co-contraction of the orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris muscles only when full facial expressions are exhibited, across a range of emotional or voluntary situations. This suggests a peripheral disorder in facial muscle control. Two thirds of patients have anal sphincter abnormalities. Aberrant organisation of the facial motor and urinary-anal sphincter nuclei may explain these symptoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Evaluation of postural control impairment using Balance Error Scoring System among athletes with ankle injury: an effective tool in daily clinical practice

Vikram M, Sundaraganesh K, Justine M, Kurup M, Leonard JH

Clin Ter, 2012;163(5):383-6.
PMID: 23099965

The main objective of the study was to investigate postural control impairment in athletes with history of ankle injury by using Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and to compare with the controls.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Social and psychological factors affecting eating habits among university students in a Malaysian medical school: a cross-sectional study

Ganasegeran K, Al-Dubai SA, Qureshi AM, Al-abed AA, Am R, Aljunid SM

Nutr J, 2012;11:48.
PMID: 22809556 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-48

BACKGROUND: Eating habits have been a major concern among university students as a determinant of health status. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of eating habits and its associated social and psychological factors among medical students.
METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted among 132 medical students of pre-clinical phase at a Malaysian university. A self-administered questionnaire was used which included questions on socio-demography, anthropometry, eating habits and psychosocial factors.
RESULTS: Mean (± SD) age of the respondents was 22.7 (± 2.4) years and (the age) ranged from 18 to 30 years. More than half had regular meals and breakfast (57.6% &, 56.1% respectively). Majority (73.5%) consumed fruits less than three times per week, 51.5% had fried food twice or more a week and 59.8% drank water less than 2 liters daily. Eating habits score was significantly low among younger students (18-22 years), smokers, alcohol drinkers and those who did not exercise. (p<0.05). Four psychological factors out of six, were significantly associated with eating habits (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, age and 'eating because of feeling happy' were significantly associated with eating habits score (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Most of the students in this study had healthy eating habits. Social and psychological factors were important determinants of eating habits among medical students.
Study site: Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia
Scales & Questionnaires: Compulsive Eating Scale

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Sex differences in educational encouragement and academic achievement

Khan A

Psychol Rep, 2012 Aug;111(1):149-55.
PMID: 23045856

Sex differences in educational encouragement and their predictiveness of academic achievement were examined among 442 secondary school students (M age = 13.2 yr., SD = 1.9). Education-related encouragement received from mothers, fathers, friends, and teachers was assessed. Academic achievement was based on student self-reports and grades. Female adolescents reported receiving statistically significantly more educational encouragement from their mothers, fathers, friends, and teachers than did male adolescents. In regression, sex and educational encouragement from parents, friends, and teachers were found to be significant predictors of academic achievement.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Hemophagocytosis in dengue: comprehensive report of six cases

Tan LH, Lum LC, Omar SF, Kan FK

J Clin Virol, 2012 Sep;55(1):79-82.
PMID: 22789140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.06.005

Hemophagocytic syndrome is a potentially fatal disorder. It is being increasingly reported but remained under-recognized in dengue. Most reported cases were in association with plasma leakage and shock but multi-organ impairment was also observed. We describe the time-lines of 6 cases of confirmed dengue with varying severities of hemophagocytosis. All had persistent fever, cytopenia and elevated transaminases with markedly elevated ferritin levels during and beyond the plasma leakage phase. Acute renal failure and central nervous system manifestation were observed in two patients. Morphological hemophagocytosis was demonstrated in three patients. All survivors showed clinical and biochemical resolution of hemophagocytosis indicating its transient nature. Persistence of fever and cytopenia together with multi-organ dysfunction, out of proportion to and beyond the plasma leakage phase should prompt clinicians to consider this phenomenon.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Validity of the Malay version of the Internet Addiction Test: a study on a group of medical students in Malaysia

Guan NC, Isa SM, Hashim AH, Pillai SK, Harbajan Singh MK

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Mar;27(2):NP2210-9.
PMID: 22652253 DOI: 10.1177/1010539512447808

The use of the Internet has been increasing dramatically over the decade in Malaysia. Excessive usage of the Internet has lead to a phenomenon called Internet addiction. There is a need for a reliable, valid, and simple-to-use scale to measure Internet addiction in the Malaysian population for clinical practice and research purposes. The aim of this study was to validate the Malay version of the Internet Addiction Test, using a sample of 162 medical students. The instrument displayed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .91), parallel reliability (intraclass coefficient = .88, P < .001), and concurrent validity with the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (Pearson's correlation = .84, P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that 43 was the optimal cutoff score to discriminate students with and without Internet dependence. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation identified a 5-factor model. The Malay version of the Internet Addiction Test appeared to be a valid instrument for assessing Internet addiction in Malaysian university students.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Growth curves for school children from Kuching, Sarawak: a methodological development

Bong YB, Shariff AA, Mohamed AM, Merican AF

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Mar;27(2):NP1217-27.
PMID: 22652249 DOI: 10.1177/1010539512446959

In this article, the authors propose reference curves for height and weight for school children in the Kuching area, Sarawak. The school children were from primary to secondary schools (aged 6.5 to 17 years old) and comprised both genders. Anthropometric measurements and demographic information for 3081 school-aged children were collected (1440 boys and 1641 girls). Fitted line plots and percentiles for height and weight (3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th percentiles) were obtained. The height of school boys and school girls were almost similar at the start of their school-going age. For school girls, height and weight values stabilized when they reached 16 or 17 years old but kept increasing for school boys. School boys were taller than school girls as they entered adolescence. Height differences between school boys and school girls became significantly wider as they grew older. Chinese school children were taller and heavier than those of other ethnic groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Surgical management of tympanojugular paragangliomas with intradural extension, with a proposed revision of the Fisch classification

Sivalingam S, Konishi M, Shin SH, Lope Ahmed RA, Piazza P, Sanna M

Audiol. Neurootol., 2012;17(4):243-55.
PMID: 22584244 DOI: 10.1159/000338418

Tympanojugular paragangliomas (TJPs) with intradural extension can be successfully treated by a single or staged procedure with low surgical morbidity.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Estimation of glomerular filtration rate using serum cystatin C in overweight and obese subjects

Marwyne MN, Loo CY, Halim AG, Norella K, Sulaiman T, Zaleha MI

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Oct;66(4):313-7.
PMID: 22299549 MyJurnal

Obesity and overweight are strong independent risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Using serum creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations in these subjects may be inaccurate. On the other hand, cystatin C-based eGFR equations may overestimate CKD prevalence as recent findings suggest an association of cystatin C with obesity. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of a cystatin C-based eGFR equation compared to two creatinine -based eGFR equations in overweight and obese subjects.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Isolation of Aggregatibacter aphrophilus from a patient with acute appendicitis

Aye AM, Law CW, Sabet NS, Karunakaran R, Hanifah YA, Jafar FL, et al.

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2011 Jul;15(7):845-7.
PMID: 21780555

Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency. The etiology and pathophysiology of appendicitis have been well investigated. Aggregatibacter aphrophilus is a fastidious gram-negative coccobacilli. Detection of this organism in clinical samples and its differentiation from Haemophilus aphrophilus or from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in routine microbiology settings could be difficult.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Quantitative ultrasound measurement of the calcaneus in Southeast Asian children with thalassemia: comparison with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

Sani FM, Sarji SA, Bilgen M

J Ultrasound Med, 2011 Jul;30(7):883-94.
PMID: 21705720

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that quantitative ultrasound properties of the calcaneus in Southeast Asian children treated for thalassemia have different characteristics than those of their healthy counterparts and thereby can be used for assessing the risk of osteoporosis.
METHODS: Broadband ultrasound attenuation and the speed of sound were measured from groups of thalassemic and healthy children and compared with bone mineral density (BMD) estimated from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to determine intergroup and intragroup dependencies of the measurements and variations with differences in sex and anthropometric characteristics.
RESULTS: Broadband ultrasound attenuation and speed of sound measurements were found to be independent of sex but dependent on age in the thalassemic children. Consistently, broadband ultrasound attenuation had lower values and the speed of sound had higher values compared with those of the healthy children in each age group. Broadband ultrasound attenuation correlated well with the speed of sound and also with age, weight, and height, but the speed of sound did not show an association with these parameters. Broadband ultrasound attenuation correlated moderately with BMD in the lumbar spine and whole body, but the corresponding association was much weaker for the speed of sound. In the thalassemic children, both broadband ultrasound attenuation and BMD increased with age as they grew older but not fast enough compared with the healthy children, and the risk of osteoporosis was greater at older ages.
CONCLUSIONS: Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound may be used as a diagnostic screening tool for assessing the bone status in thalassemic Southeast Asian children and for deciding whether further dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is needed, particularly in those who are at a greater risk for osteoporosis as identified by low body weight and height.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Health related quality of life among Iraqi immigrants settled in Malaysia

Daher AM, Ibrahim HS, Daher TM, Anbori AK

BMC Public Health, 2011;11:407.
PMID: 21624118 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-407

Migrants everywhere face several demands for health and maintaining good health and quality of life could be challenging. Iraqis are the second largest refugee group that has sought refuge in the recent years, yet little is known about their health related quality of life (HRQOL). The study aims at assessing the HRQOL among Iraqis living in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
A comparison of factors associated with physical inactivity among East Asian college students

Seo DC, Torabi MR, Chin MK, Huang SF, Chen CK, Mok MM, et al.

Int J Behav Med, 2012 Sep;19(3):316-23.
PMID: 21562780 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-011-9167-4

BACKGROUND: Little is known on the level of physical inactivity and its behavioral and cultural correlates among East Asian college students.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine and compare the level and behavioral and cultural correlates of physical inactivity among college students in Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Malaysia.
METHOD: Data were collected from a representative sample of college students (N = 12,137) in five East Asian economies during the 2008-2009 academic year. The stratified random sampling (stratum: geographic region) was used to select participating institutions. The overall response rate was 77%.
RESULTS: The percentage of physically inactive students was 7.2% for Singapore, 8.0% for Malaysia, 13.5% for Taiwan, 16.8% for Hong Kong, and 28.5% for South Korea. When gender, age, and body mass index were controlled, fruit and vegetable consumptions were significant correlates for physical inactivity across all the five economies. In Hong Kong, Korea, and Taiwan, those who engaged in binge drinking at least once during the past 2 weeks were less likely to be physically inactive than those who did not. Religion and military experience did not independently predict physical inactivity in any of the five economies.
CONCLUSION: Physical inactivity varies greatly across different economies in East Asia that are usually grouped together and considered a single homogeneous entity by some researchers. However, in terms of correlates of physical inactivity, findings of the current study indicate that the transversal value of physical activity might be transformed into a universal.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext A pilot study on cytotoxic T lymphocyte-4 gene polymorphisms in urinary schistosomiasis

Idris ZM, Yazdanbakhsh M, Adegnika AA, Lell B, Issifou S, Noordin R

Genet Test Mol Biomarkers, 2012 Jun;16(6):488-92.
PMID: 22288822 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0209

Urinary schistosomiasis is caused by the digenetic trematode Schistosoma haematobium, characterized by accumulation of eggs in the genitourinary tract. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can play an important role in parasitic infection due to its major role as a negative regulator of T-cell activation and proliferation. This study was performed in patients with schistosomiasis and healthy controls to analyze the allele and genotype frequencies of four CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms. The CTLA-4 gene was amplified using Taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction, and allele and genotypes of 49 patients with schistosomiasis were analyzed using allelic discrimination analysis followed by subsequent direct sequencing. The results were compared with healthy control subjects. The frequencies of CTLA-4 rs733618 A allele at position -1722 (p=0.001), rs11571316 C allele at position -1577 (p<0.001), and rs231775 A allele at position +49 (p=0.002) in the patient group were significantly higher than the control group. The rs733618 AA genotype (p=0.001), rs11571316 CC genotype (p<0.001), and rs231775 AA genotype (p=0.007) were also significantly overrepresented. Meanwhile, rs733618 AG genotype (p=0.001), rs11571316 CT genotype (p=0.02), and rs231775 GG genotype (p=0.029) were significantly decreased in the patients with schistosomiasis, as compared with the controls. No significant difference was observed in both allele and genotype of rs16841252. The results of this study suggest that the rs733618, rs11571316, and rs231775 polymorphisms in the CTLA-4 gene may influence susceptibility to schistosomiasis infection in the Gabonese children.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext A survey on the initial management of spontaneous pneumothorax

Ismail T, Anshar MF, How SH, Hashim CW, Mohamad WH, Katiman D

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Sep;65(3):187-91.
PMID: 21939165

Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is a common medical condition but continues to be a frequent management problem among doctors. Despite the availability of guidelines on management of SP, studies have shown that the compliance with the guidelines is low. The various treatment options available in treating this condition further confuse doctors on the right approach in managing SP. The objective of this study is to investigate the awareness of the availability of these existing guidelines and to investigate how the doctors involved in the initial management of SP would manage this condition. A self completed questionnaire which included three case scenarios were distributed among doctors in two teaching university hospitals and two large Ministry of Health hospitals. This study showed that there is a lack of awareness of the existing guidelines even among the senior doctors and there is a variation in the initial management of SP. Therefore a locally produced guideline may be beneficial to standardise and improve the management of SP.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Prevalence of diabetes in the Malaysian National Health Morbidity Survey III 2006

Letchuman GR, Wan Nazaimoon WM, Wan Mohamad WB, Chandran LR, Tee GH, Jamaiyah H, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Sep;65(3):180-6.
PMID: 21939164 MyJurnal

The Malaysian National Health Morbidity Survey III (NHMS III), conducted in 2006, was a cross-sectional household survey of the prevalence of chronic diseases, involving 34,539 respondents of age > or =18 years old, in all states of Malaysia. Data collection was by face-to-face interview. Those who self-professed not to be diabetics underwent finger-prick glucose test following at least 8 hours of fasting. The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus (known and newly diagnosed) was 11.6%. The Indians had the highest prevalence of 19.9% followed by Malays 11.9% and Chinese 11.4%. The prevalence of people with known diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes was 7.0% and 4.5% respectively. Impaired Fasting Glycaemia was found to be 4.2%. Majority (73.5%) of the patients used government healthcare facilities for their diabetic care. Usage of insulin alone or in combination was low at 7.2% of patients. Only 45.05% of known diabetics have ever had their eye examined. Amputees formed 4.3% of the patients with known diabetes while 3.4% had suffered a stroke event and 1.6% was on some form of renal replacement therapy.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2006)

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Congenital cholesteatoma: delayed diagnosis and its consequences

Goh BS, Faizah AR, Salina H, Asma A, Saim L

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Sep;65(3):196-8.
PMID: 21939167

This is a retrospective review of congenital cholesteatoma cases that were managed surgically. There were 5 cases. The age of presentation ranged from 5 to 18 year old. Three patients presented with complication of the disease. Three patients had intact tympanic membrane, two had perforation at the anterior superior quadrant. All patients had cholesteatoma medial to tympanic membrane. Four cases had extensive ossicular erosion with preoperative hearing worse than 40 dB. Four cases underwent canal wall down mastoid surgery and one underwent canal wall up surgery. One patient had recurrence which required revision surgery. In conclusion, congenital cholesteatoma presented late due to the silent nature of disease in its early stage. Extensive disease, ossicular destruction with risk of complication at presentation were marked in our study. Hence, more aggressive surgical intervention is recommended in the management of congenital cholesteatoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Attitudes towards dysmenorrhoea, impact and treatment seeking among adolescent girls: a rural school-based survey

Wong LP

Aust J Rural Health, 2011 Aug;19(4):218-23.
PMID: 21771164 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1584.2011.01213.x

Study aimed to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea, its impact, and treatment-seeking behaviour of rural adolescent girls in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Contact lens--related corneal ulcer: a two-year review

Goh PP, Shamala R, Chandamalar S, Tai XY, National Eye Database Study Group

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65 Suppl A:120-3.
PMID: 21488471

To create a national registry of contact-lens related corneal ulcers (CLRCU) patients in Malaysia with the aim of detecting outbreaks, identifying pattern of causative organisms, determining patient demography, risk factors, wearing patterns and monitoring outcome of treatment. The CLRCU registry is an ongoing patient registry established in 2007 as a surveillance tool used by Malaysian Ministry of Health ophthalmology departments. Notification of patients clinically suspected of CLRCU was performed online through the National Eye Database (NED). Data collected included patient demography, contact lens type, causative organism and treatment outcome. During 2007-2008, a total of 202 patients were notified to the CLRCU registry with a mean age of 26.7 years (71.8% female). All registered patients wore soft contact lens and monthly disposable lenses were the most popular (83.5%). The majority of patients had bacterial CLRCU and the most common causative organism was Pseudomonas (79.7% of bacterial cases). No epidemics were identified during the period of data examination. Use of contact lenses, which is increasing during modern times, may lead to CLRCU as a severe complication. The CLRCU registry is an effective tool which uses a web-based notification system that allows quick and up to date reports of CLRCU cases. This provides the ability to monitor outbreaks of disease and identify important causative and associated factors of the disease which may be used to reduce future incidence.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext The validation of the EQ-5D in Malaysian dialysis patients

Faridah A, Jamaiyah H, Goh A, Soraya A

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65 Suppl A:114-9.
PMID: 21488470

The EQ-5D is a quality of life instrument that measures five dimensions of health. This study investigated the reliability and validity of its use in the Malaysian dialysis population. Test-retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity were assessed. Responses of 86 subjects who completed both surveys were used in analysis. Test-retest reliability using Cohen's kappa was acceptable in four out of five dimensions, with the exception of self-care. Convergent validity was present. Discriminant validity was found in only two out of six hypotheses tested. In conclusion, the EQ-5D has potential in this population but further study is required.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

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