METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the surgical outcome of the BGI with Supramid© 3/0 ripcord stent in patients with NVG. No tube ligation or venting slits were performed. Supramid was removed after 3mo if the target intraocular pressure (IOP) was not achieved. Surgical success was defined as IOP≤21 mm Hg with (qualified success) or without IOP-lowering medications (complete success).

RESULTS: Twenty-six eyes from 24 patients were included in the study. The median duration of follow-up was 4 [interquartile range (IQR)=1-5]y, ranging from 0.5 to 5y. IOP decreased by a mean of 24.2 mm Hg (59.7%); from a mean of 40.5±12.6 mm Hg at baseline to 16.3±11.9 mm Hg, P≤0.001. The number of glaucoma medications reduced from a median of 5 (IQR=5-6) to 1 (IQR=0-2, P≤0.001) at the final follow-up. Overall success rates were 88.0% at 1y, 34.8% at 3y, 66.7% at 4y, and 50% at 5y. Hypertensive phase (HP) in the first 3mo occurred in 15/26 eyes (57.7%) with a mean IOP of 31.1 mm Hg.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional selective study was conducted from 140 clinical specialists (Surgery = 24, Pathology = 31, Radiology = 35, Gynecology = 35, Pediatric = 17) from the neglected southern Punjab region of Pakistan. The study was analyzed using χ2 - the test of association and the nexus between different factors was examined by multinomial logistic regression.

RESULTS: Out of 140 respondents, 34 (24.3%) believed hospitals were ready for AI, while 81 (57.9%) disagreed. Additionally, 42(30.0%) were concerned about privacy violations, and 70(50%) feared AI could lead to unemployment. Specialists with less than 6 years of experience are more likely to embrace AI (p = 0.0327, OR = 3.184, 95% C.I; 0.262, 3.556) and those who firmly believe that AI knowledge will not replace their future tasks exhibit a lower likelihood of accepting AI (p = 0.015, OR = 0.235, 95% C.I: (0.073, 0.758). Clinical specialists who perceive AI as a technology that encompasses both drawbacks and benefits demonstrated a higher likelihood of accepting its adoption (p = 0.084, OR = 2.969, 95% C.I; 0.865, 5.187).

DESIGN: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 flow checklist. A population-exposure-outcome framework was established. Population referred to the general global population of all ages, the exposure of interest was air pollution and its projection, and the outcome was the occurrence of NCDs attributable to air pollution and burden of disease (BoD) based on the health indices of mortality, morbidity, disability-adjusted life years, years of life lost and years lived with disability.

DATA SOURCES: The Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE and EBSCOhost databases were searched for articles published from 2005 to 2023.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: The eligible articles were evaluated using the modified scale of a checklist for assessing the quality of ecological studies.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers searched, screened and selected the included studies independently using standardised methods. The risk of bias was assessed using the modified scale of a checklist for ecological studies. The results were summarised based on the projection of the BoD of NCDs attributable to air pollution.

RESULTS: This review included 11 studies from various countries. Most studies specifically investigated various air pollutants, specifically particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5), nitrogen oxides and ozone. The studies used coupled-air quality and climate modelling approaches, and mainly projected health effects using the concentration-response function model. The NCDs attributable to air pollution included cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, stroke, ischaemic heart disease, coronary heart disease and lower respiratory infections. Notably, the BoD of NCDs attributable to air pollution was projected to decrease in a scenario that promotes reduced air pollution, carbon emissions and land use and sustainable socioeconomics. Contrastingly, the BoD of NCDs was projected to increase in a scenario involving increasing population numbers, social deprivation and an ageing population.

CONCLUSION: The included studies widely reported increased premature mortality, CVD and respiratory disease attributable to PM2.5. Future NCD projection studies should consider emission and population changes in projecting the BoD of NCDs attributable to air pollution in the climate change era.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The development phase consisted of literature review, small group discussion, expert review meeting, content, and face validity. We evaluated the psychometric properties of Informed Consent for Blood Transfusion Questionnaire (ICBTQ) using reliability test and item response theory among a sample of 95 patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.

RESULTS: ICBTQ was formulated to include sociodemographic and knowledge sections. ICBTQ possessed excellent content validity. The face validity index (FVI) of clarity and comprehension were both 0.97. Thus, the universal FVI was 0.96. One item was added following the advice given by one of the content experts. ICBTQ had excellent face validity. For the validation phase, ICBTQ demonstrated an acceptable Cronbach's Alpha value. One item was omitted in view of low corrected item-total correlation. In the item response theory (IRT) analysis, ICBTQ exhibited good difficulty and discriminatory indexes. Assessments of item-fit indicated that all items of the model were well-fitted.