Displaying publications 241 - 260 of 602 in total

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  1. Comparative analysis of metabolites and antioxidant potentials from different plant parts of curcuma aeruginosa roxb.
    Sanimah Simoh, Sew YS, Fazri Abd Rahim, Muhammad Aizuddin Ahmad, Alizah Zainal
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:3031-3041.
    A comparative analysis of metabolites from different parts of Curcuma aeruginosa, i.e. leaves, stems, adventitious
    roots and rhizomes was performed by GC-MS/MS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. The GC-MS/MS analysis
    confirmed the occurrence of 26 metabolites belonged to terpenoids in almost all the samples. The Principal Component
    Analysis (PCA) indicated that there was a clear distinction between rhizomes and other plant parts, i.e. stems, leaves,
    and adventitious roots that could be explained by relatively higher contents of terpenoids including curzerene, alphafarnesen, furanocoumarin, velleral, germacrone cineole, borneol, beta- and gamma- elemene and methenolone. The
    results of Hierarchical Clustering Analyses (HCA) corresponded with the PCA results where many terpenoids found
    abundantly high in rhizome were clustered together. This was supported by the Pearson correlation analysis that
    showed a significantly good relationship between those terpenoids. The adventitious roots demonstrated the strongest
    antioxidant activity as compared to the other plant parts which could be attributed to its highest Total Phenolic
    Contents (TPC). Total phenolic contents of all the plant parts were positively correlated with their antioxidant activities
    which indicate that phenolic compounds may play a role in the overall antioxidant activities of the plants. The results
    of the study highlighted the potential of this underexploited Curcuma species which could serve as a new source of
    important phytochemicals and natural antioxidant that could be incorporated in functional foods and nutraceuticals.
    In addition, chemical and biological evidence shown in the present work has rationalised the different uses of various
    plant parts of C. aeruginosa.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  2. The effects of Malaysian herb, labisia pumila var. Alata on oestrous cyclicity and reproductive parameters of nulliparous rats
    Wan Ezumi Mohd Fuad, Hasnan Jaafar, Siti Amrah Sulaiman
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1721-1726.
    Numerous nutraceutical products containing the powdered or extracted parts of Labisia pumila (Myrsinaceae) have been widely available for years in Malaysia, aimed at women of reproductive age. However, there is scarce of information concerning the effects of this plant on the reproductive function of nulliparous females prior to the present study. The toxicity potential of Labisia pumila var. alata (LPA) on oestrous cycle and reproductive parameters was evaluated in groups of 40 virgin rats. They were administered with LPA at the doses of 0 (control), 20, 200 or 1000 mg/kg/day for duration of three weeks. The results obtained indicated that the administration of LPA at all dose levels did not cause mortality nor show noticeably any treatment-related signs of toxicity on the physical appearance, behaviour and body weight of all the rats studied. The pattern and length of oestrous cyclicity as well as the changes in reproductive hormones were statistically comparable among groups. No indications of abnormalities in the histology of uterus and vagina were observed. However, the presence of ovarian follicular cysts has raised apprehension that requires further investigation. The current findings suggested that oral treatment of LPA were associated with toxicity concerns
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  3. Atititude of asians to calcium and vitamin d rich foods and supplements: a systematic review
    Chin Yi Chan, Norazlina Mohamed, Soelaiman Ima-nirwana, Kok-yong Chin
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1801-1810.
    The prevalence of osteoporosis is increasing in Asian countries. Optimum calcium intake and vitamin D level are
    important to prevent osteoporosis. The attitude of the society towards calcium food sources and supplements, as well
    as sun exposure, influence their bone health practices. This review aimed to summarize the current literature on the
    attitude of Asians on calcium and vitamin D rich foods and supplements to understand the barriers among the Asians
    in achieving adequate calcium intake and vitamin D level. Studies showed that most Asians have a negative attitude
    towards calcium-rich foods, mainly dairy products due to lactose intolerance, aversion to the taste of dairy products or
    the absence of motivation. Although they took supplements to fill the gap in their diet, they were not aware of the daily
    recommended intake of calcium. Besides, the majority of them have a negative attitude towards sun exposure due to the
    fear of getting skin cancer or tanning. As a conclusion, most of Asians are still not aware of the importance of calcium
    and vitamin D for their health and their negative attitude must be corrected to prevent the rise of osteoporosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  4. Fulltext Data of feed formulation for Indonesian short-fin eel, Anguilla bicolor McClelland, 1844 elver
    Muchlisin ZA, Sofyan M, Dewiyanti I, Nur FM, Batubara AS, Fadli N, et al.
    Data Brief, 2020 Jun;30:105581.
    PMID: 32346582 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105581
    This article describes the data of raw material compositions for formulating the diet for Indonesian short-fin eel, Anguilla bicolor Anguilla bicolor McClelland, 1844 elver. The data on growth performance, survival and feed utilization of eel elver from the formulated diet test results are also presented here. Four formulated diets and one commercial feed were tested for the eel elver. The formulated diet was formulated from animal and plant based protein sources such as; fish meal, cornmeal, soybean meal, fine bran, ebi-shrimp meal, golden snail meal, bloodmeal, and tapioca flour. Vitamins and minerals were added into the diet. In addition, probiotics and papain enzyme and its combination were also included into the experimental diets to boost the growth performance, survival and feed utilization of the fish. The tested treatments were; (A) commercial diet without probiotic and papain enzyme, (B) experimental diet without probiotic and papain enzyme, (C) experimental diet with probiotic 10 ml kg-1 feed, (D) experimental diet with papain enzyme 10 g kg-1 feed, (E) experimental diet with probiotic 10 ml kg-1 + papain 10 g kg-1 feed, (F) experimental diet with probiotic 5 ml kg-1 + papain 5 g kg-1 feed. Each experimental fish group was fed on an experimental diet twice a day at 08.00 AM and 06.00 PM at feeding level of 10% body weight for 60 days. The results showed that the weight gain ranged between 4.60 g to 5.92 g, daily growth rate between 0.063 g day-1 and 0.098 g per day-1, the specific growth rate varies from 0.72% day-1 to 1.35% day-1, survival rate 50.00% to 73.33%, feed conversion ratio from 2.35 to 4.17, and feed efficiency between 41.82% to 58.98%. The best treatment was found in fish fed on the experimental diet with papain enzyme 10 g kg-1 of feed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  5. Fulltext Safety and Efficacy of Dietary Epigallocatechin Gallate Supplementation in Attenuating Hypertension via Its Modulatory Activities on the Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin System in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
    Parn KW, Ling WC, Chin JH, Lee SK
    Nutrients, 2022 Nov 01;14(21).
    PMID: 36364864 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214605
    This study aimed to identify the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of dietary epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) supplementation and its possible antihypertensive and nutrigenomics effects in modulating intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) gene expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). EGCG (50, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg b.w. i.g., once daily) was administered to SHR for 28 days. All the SHR survived with no signs of systemic toxicity. Increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were evident in SHR supplemented with 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w. but not in those supplemented with lower doses of EGCG. Subsequently, the NOAEL of EGCG was established at 250 mg/kg b.w., and the same protocol was replicated to assess its effects on blood pressure and renal RAS-related genes in SHR. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the EGCG group was consistently lower than the control group. The mRNA levels of cortical Agtr2 and Ace2 and medullary Agtr2, Ace and Mas1 were upregulated while medullary Ren was downregulated in EGCG group. Statistical analysis showed that SBP reduction was associated with the changes in medullary Agtr2, Ace, and Ren. Dietary EGCG supplementation exhibits antihypertensive and nutrigenomics effects through activation of intrarenal Ace and Agtr2 and suppression of Ren mediators, while a high dose of EGCG induced liver damage in SHR. In future clinical studies, liver damage biomarkers should be closely monitored to further establish the safety of the long-term use of EGCG.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  6. Effects of dietary palm oil on broiler chicken productive performance and carcass characteristics: a comprehensive review
    Saminathan M, Mohamed WNW, Noh 'M, Ibrahim NA, Fuat MA, Ramiah SK
    Trop Anim Health Prod, 2022 Jan 17;54(1):64.
    PMID: 35038035 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03046-5
    Palm oil is a natural energy source ingredient in poultry diets that offers a broad range of beneficial effects on the performance of broiler chickens. This review was conducted to highlight the impact of palm oil as a feed ingredient on growth performance and carcass quality, as well as the biochemical, antioxidant activity and tissue fatty acids (FA) composition of broiler chickens. Palm oil inclusion in broiler chickens' rations contributes significantly to the high metabolisable energy (ME) of feed formulation, increases feed palatability and decreases digesta passage rate in the intestine. The reviewed literature indicated that dietary palm oil has a beneficial effect on broiler chickens' overall growth performance traits. The addition of palm oil can also improve the heat tolerance of chickens reared in high ambient temperature conditions. Regardless of breed and breeding conditions, palm oil exhibits good oxidative stability in broiler chickens due to the presence of prevalent phytonutrient elements in this oil. The inclusion of palm oil increased palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids in tissue deposits, which improves meat stability and quality. Moreover, molecular studies have revealed that higher mRNA expression of several lipid-related hepatic genes in broiler chickens fed palm oil. Nonetheless, dietary palm oil can influence FA deposition in tissues, modulate lipoprotein and triglycerides (TG) levels, and cytokine contents in the blood serum of broiler chickens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  7. Fulltext Optimization of thermostable organic solvent-tolerant lipase production by thermotolerant Rhizopus sp. using solid-state fermentation of palm kernel cake
    Riyadi FA, Alam MZ, Salleh MN, Salleh HM
    3 Biotech, 2017 Oct;7(5):300.
    PMID: 28884067 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0932-1
    This study enhanced the production of thermostable organic solvent-tolerant (TS-OST) lipase by locally isolated thermotolerant Rhizopus sp. strain using solid-state fermentation (SSF) of palm kernel cake (PKC). The optimum conditions were achieved using a series of statistical approaches. The cultivation parameters, which include fermentation time, moisture content, temperature, pH, inoculum size, various carbon and nitrogen sources, as well as other supplements, were initially screened by the definitive screening design, and one-factor-at-a-time using PKC as the basal medium. Three significant factors (olive oil concentration, pH, and inoculum size) were further optimized using face-centred central composite design. The results indicated a successful and significant improvement of lipase activity by almost two-fold compared to the initial screening production. The findings showed that the optimal conditions were 2% (v/w) inoculum size, 2% (v/w) olive oil, 0.6% (w/w) peptone, 2% (v/w) ethanol, 70% moisture content at initial pH 10.0 and 45 °C within 72 h of fermentation. Process optimization resulted in maximum lipase activity of 58.63 U/gram dry solids (gds). The analysis of variance showed that the statistical model was significant (p value <0.0001) and reliable with a high value of R2 (0.98) and adjusted R2 (0.96). This indicates a better correlation between the actual and predicted responses of lipase production. By considering this study, the low-cost PKC through SSF appears to be promising in the utilization of agro-industrial waste for TS-OST lipase production. This is because satisfactory enzyme activity could be attained that promises industrial applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  8. Safety Evaluation of Sclerotium from a Medicinal Mushroom, Lignosus cameronensis (Cultivar): Preclinical Toxicology Studies
    Lee SS, Tan NH, Pailoor J, Fung SY
    Front Pharmacol, 2017;8:594.
    PMID: 28919858 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00594
    Twenty-eight days subacute toxicity studies performed in rats using sclerotial powder of Lignosus cameronensis cultivar was conducted to assess its safety for consumption prior to other scientific investigations on its medicinal benefits, nutraceutical or pharmaceutical application of the mushroom. The study was conducted at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg sclerotial powder of L. cameronensis cultivar (n = 5 for each respective dose, on both male and female groups) while control groups received only distilled water. At the end of the study (29th day), the animals were sacrificed followed by blood and organs collection for analysis. Subacute toxicity studies done shows that sclerotial powder of L. cameronensis cultivar at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg did not induce treatment related changes on behavioral patterns, gross physical appearance, growth pattern, body weight gain, values of hematological and clinical biochemical panels as well as histopathological findings on kidney, spleen, heart, lung and liver of the experimental rats. The no-observed-adverse-effect level dose for sclerotial powder of L. cameronensis cultivar in 28-days sub-acute toxicity study is determined to be 1000 mg/kg.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  9. Fulltext Effects of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. on cognitive function and mood related outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Puttarak P, Dilokthornsakul P, Saokaew S, Dhippayom T, Kongkaew C, Sruamsiri R, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2017 09 06;7(1):10646.
    PMID: 28878245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09823-9
    Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. has been used as an herbal brain tonic for mental disorders and enhancing memory, but no review of the overall evidence of C. asiatica and cognitive function has been conducted. This study aims to determine the effects of C. asiatica on cognitive function and its related properties. The current systematic review includes five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted to determine the effect of C. asiatica alone and six RCTs conducted to determine the effect of C. asiatica-containing products. Meta-analysis indicated that there are no significant differences in all cognitive function domains of C. asiatica when compared to placebo. However, it could improve mood by increasing alert scores [SMD: 0.71 (95% CI; 0.01 to 1.41); I2 = 30.5%] and decreasing anger scores at 1 hour after treatment [SMD: -0.81 (95%CI; -1.51 to -0.09); I2 = 36.6%]. None of the studies reported adverse effects of C. asiatica. In conclusion, there is not strong evidence to support the use of C. asiatica for cognitive function improvement in each cognitive domain. C. asiatica could improve alertness and relieve anger. However, some limitations should be aware including dose regimen, plant preparation, standardization, and product variation. Future well-designed clinical trials using suitable doses of standardized C. asiatica are still needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  10. Fulltext Identification of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory and radical scavenging bioactive peptides from sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus) collagen hydrolysates through optimization
    Abedin, M.Z., Karim, A.A., Gan, C.Y., Ghazali, F.C., Barzideh, Z., Zzaman, W., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(3):1074-1082.
    MyJurnal
    The sea cucumber (Stichopus vastus) is an underutilized species, as most of its parts, including the integument (high collagen content) are thrown away during processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different hydrolysis conditions (substrate to enzyme ratio (S/E), reaction temperature, and hydrolysis time) on the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and radical scavenging (RSc) activities of the hydrolysates produced from trypsin hydrolysis of S. vastus collagen. Optimal conditions predicted by Box-Behnken Design modelling for producing ACE inhibitory and RSc hydrolysates were found to be S/E ratio (15), reaction temperature (55°C), and hydrolysis time (1 h). Under optimal conditions, ACE inhibitory and RSc activities were estimated to be as high as 67.8% and 77.9%, respectively. Besides, some novel bioactive peptides were identified through mass spectrometry analysis. These results indicate that S. vastus hydrolysates might be used as a functional ingredient in food and nutraceutical products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  11. Effect of Brachiaria decumbens as a novel supplementation on the production performance of broiler chickens
    Alghirani MM, Chung ELT, Kassim NA, Ong YL, Jesse FFA, Sazili AQ, et al.
    Trop Anim Health Prod, 2022 Nov 18;54(6):386.
    PMID: 36399259 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03384-4
    The primary goal of this research was to elucidate the novel influence of Brachiaria decumbens supplementation on broiler chicken growth performance, nutritional digestibility, cecal microbiota, intestinal histomorphology, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. A total of 300 male day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly subjected to six different treatment groups having five replicates per treatment with 10 birds in each replicate. In treatment 1, broiler chickens were fed commercial diets with no added additives; in treatment 2, broiler chickens were offered commercial diets containing 100 mg/kg of the antibiotic oxytetracycline. However, in treatments 3, 4, 5, and 6, broiler chickens received similar commercial diets supplemented with 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg of B. decumbens ground leaf powder, respectively, without antibiotics. Throughout the 42-day trial, the body weight gain and total feed intake for each replicate were recorded every week to determine the growth performance. Then, on 21th and 42nd day, ten broilers from each treatment (two in each replicate) were randomly selected and slaughtered to assess the digestibility of nutrients, histomorphology of the small intestine, the population of the cecal microbiota, carcass characteristics, as well as quality of both breast and drumstick muscle. There were differences (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  12. Fulltext Why Did I Consult My Pharmacist about Herbal and Dietary Supplements? An Online Survey Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia
    Wahab MSA, Jalani MM, Goh KW, Ming LC, Faller EM
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Sep 02;19(17).
    PMID: 36078707 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710994
    Herbal and dietary supplements (HDSs) are frequently obtained from community pharmacies, but community pharmacists (CPs) have been underutilized for information regarding them. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of, factors behind, and reasons for consultation with CPs among HDS consumers in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted among conveniently sampled individuals in Malaysia. Reasons for consultation or non-consultation with CPs about HDSs were sought from the respondents. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictors of consultation with CPs. Overall, 40.3% (239/593) of participants consulted CPs about the HDSs that they purchased. The participants were predominantly unmarried (362/588, 61.6%) and belonged to the 18-29 age group (332/593, 56%). The multivariate analysis showed that a suburban residential setting was the only significant predictor for consultation with CPs (adjusted odds ratio = 0.390, 95% CI = 0.260-0.583). Respondents who consulted CPs generally agreed that the CPs were the right people to consult on HDSs (mean = 4.37, SD = 0.73). However, their discussion with CPs regarding HDSs mostly revolved around the benefits and directions for use, but little on the potential risks. Meanwhile, most respondents who did not consult CPs agreed that they had never thought of consulting CPs about their HDS use (mean = 3.45, SD = 1.02). The majority of them referred to the Internet (61.3%, 217/354) and social media (59.9%, 212/354) for information about HDSs. The findings from this study show that more efforts are warranted in encouraging consumers to consult CPs about their HDS use and to enhance their awareness of the roles of CPs in ensuring the safe use of HDSs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  13. Fulltext Impact of dietary ingredients on the interpretation of various fecal parameters in rats fed inulin
    Chen HJ, Dai FJ, Chang CR, Lau YQ, Chew BS, Chau CF
    J Food Drug Anal, 2019 10;27(4):869-875.
    PMID: 31590758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.06.005
    In the present study, the influences of diets (i.e. chow and AIN-93 diets) on the interpretation of various fecal parameters including viable microbiota, moisture, weight, and short-chain fatty acids in rats fed different amounts of inulin (0.5-2 g/kg). Eight groups of rats (n = 8/group) were fed, for 4 weeks, chow or AIN-93 diets with or without inulin supplementation. Fecal samples were analyzed for different fecal parameters. After a 2-week adaptation, apparent differences in some fecal parameters were observed between the chow and AIN-93 diet groups. Throughout the 4-week intervention period, significantly (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  14. Effect of soluble corn fibre and calcium supplementation on bone mineral content and bone mineral density in preadolescent Malaysian children-a double-blind randomised controlled trial (PREBONE-Kids Study)
    Arasu K, Chang CY, Wong SY, Ong SH, Yang WY, Chong MHZ, et al.
    Osteoporos Int, 2023 Apr;34(4):783-792.
    PMID: 36808216 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06702-0
    Soluble corn fibre (SCF) with calcium did not improve bone indices after 1 year in preadolescent children.

    INTRODUCTION: SCF has been reported to improve calcium absorption. We investigated the long-term effect of SCF and calcium on bone indices of healthy preadolescent children aged 9-11 years old.

    METHODS: In a double-blind, randomised, parallel arm study, 243 participants were randomised into four groups: placebo, 12-g SCF, 600-mg calcium lactate gluconate (Ca) and 12-g SCF + 600-mg calcium lactate gluconate (SCF + Ca). Total body bone mineral content (TBBMC) and total body bone mineral density (TBBMD) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 6 and 12 months.

    RESULTS: At 6 months, SCF + Ca had a significant increase in TBBMC from baseline (27.14 ± 6.10 g, p = 0.001). At 12 months, there was a significant increase in TBBMC from baseline in the SCF + Ca (40.28 ± 9.03 g, p = 0.001) and SCF groups (27.34 ± 7.93 g, p = 0.037). At 6 months, the change in TBBMD in the SCF + Ca (0.019 ± 0.003 g/cm2) and Ca (0.014 ± 0.003 g/cm2) groups was significantly different (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  15. Fulltext Microalgae for High-Value Products Towards Human Health and Nutrition
    Barkia I, Saari N, Manning SR
    Mar Drugs, 2019 May 24;17(5).
    PMID: 31137657 DOI: 10.3390/md17050304
    Microalgae represent a potential source of renewable nutrition and there is growing interest in algae-based dietary supplements in the form of whole biomass, e.g., Chlorella and Arthrospira, or purified extracts containing omega-3 fatty acids and carotenoids. The commercial production of bioactive compounds from microalgae is currently challenged by the biorefinery process. This review focuses on the biochemical composition of microalgae, the complexities of mass cultivation, as well as potential therapeutic applications. The advantages of open and closed growth systems are discussed, including common problems encountered with large-scale growth systems. Several methods are used for the purification and isolation of bioactive compounds, and many products from microalgae have shown potential as antioxidants and treatments for hypertension, among other health conditions. However, there are many unknown algal metabolites and potential impurities that could cause harm, so more research is needed to characterize strains of interest, improve overall operation, and generate safe, functional products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  16. Long-Term Impact of Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation on Micronutrient Status, Hemoglobin Level, and Growth in Children 24 to 59 Months of Age: A Non-Randomized Community-Based Trial from Pakistan
    Khan A, Ul-Haq Z, Fatima S, Ahmed J, Alobaid HM, Fazid S, et al.
    Nutrients, 2023 Mar 30;15(7).
    PMID: 37049531 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071690
    Cost-effective interventions are needed to address undernutrition, particularly micronutrient deficiencies, which are common in children under the age of five in low- and middle-income countries. A community-based, non-randomized clinical trial was undertaken in the Kurram district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from January 2018 to June 2019, to evaluate the effect of locally produced micronutrient powder (local name: Vita-Mixe) on plasma micronutrient status, hemoglobin level, and anthropometric outcomes. Children aged 24-48 months old were recruited and allocated to the intervention and control arm of the study. The enrolled children in the intervention arm received one micronutrient powder (MNP) sachet for consumption on alternate days for 12 months. To assess the impact of the intervention on plasma levels of zinc, vitamin D, vitamin A, and hemoglobin level, blood samples were taken at baseline and after one year following the intervention. The analysis was conducted using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), atomic absorption spectrometry, and an automated hematology analyzer. For the impact on growth parameters, the anthropometric assessment was performed using WHO standard guidelines. A 24 h dietary recall interview was used to assess the nutrient intake adequacy. Results showed that in the intervention arm, children had on average a 7.52 ng/mL (95% CI 5.11-9.92, p-value < 0.001) increase in the plasma level of vitamin A, 4.80 ng/mL (95% CI 1.63-7.95, p-value < 0.002) increase in vitamin D levels and 33.85 µg/dL (95% CI 24.40-43.30, p-value < 0.001) increase in the plasma zinc level, as well as a 2.0g/dL (95% CI 1.64-2.40, p-value < 0.001) increase in hemoglobin level. Statistically significant improvement was observed in the weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) (from -1.0 ± 0.88 to -0.40 ± 1.01, p < 0.001) and weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) (from -1.40 ± 0.50 to -1.05 ± 0.49, p < 0.001) in the intervention group compared to the control group. No statistically significant change was observed in the height-for-age z-score (HAZ) in the intervention group (p = 0.93). In conclusion, micronutrient powder supplementation is a cost-effective intervention to improve the micronutrient status, hemoglobin level, and growth parameters in under-five children, which can be scaled up in the existing health system to address the alarming rates of undernutrition in Pakistan and other developing countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  17. Perceptions, attitudes and beliefs towards soya among healthy Asian women participating in a soya randomised controlled trial
    Yap B, Rajaram N, Ho WK, Khor GL, Teo SH
    J Nutr Sci, 2023;12:e69.
    PMID: 37457681 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.48
    The soya-breast cancer risk relationship remains controversial in Asia due to limited and inconsistent research findings and is exacerbated by difficulties in recruiting and retaining participants in intervention trials. Understanding public perceptions towards soya is important for designing effective intervention trials. Here, we administered a close-ended, quantitative survey to healthy, peri- and post-menopausal Asian women in the Malaysian Soy and Mammographic Density (MiSo) Study to assess perception towards soya and explore motivators and barriers that affect study adherence using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Belief (COM-B) Model and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Of 118 participants, the majority reported the belief that soya promotes good health (Supplement = 85⋅7 %, Diet = 90⋅0 %, Control = 87⋅9 %). Most participants reported obtaining information about soya from the internet (Supplement = 61⋅0 %, Diet = 55⋅3 %, Control = 35⋅9 %), while health professionals were least reported (Supplement = 9⋅8 %, Diet = 7⋅9 %, Control = 5⋅1 %). Stratified analyses by study completion and adherence status yielded comparable findings. By the end of the study, dietary arm participants reported a strong belief that soya has no impact on their health (Supplement = 7⋅1 % v. Diet = 20⋅0 % v. Control = 0⋅0 %, P = 0⋅012). Motivation and opportunity strongly facilitated soya consumption, while psychological capability was the most common barrier to consumption though less evident among dietary arm participants. While most Asian women have a positive perception towards soya, theory-based intervention trials are warranted to understand the perception-study adherence relationship and to accurately inform the public of the health effects of soya.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  18. Fulltext Investigation of the natural supplement IQP-AS-119 for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections in marathon race participants: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study
    Bongartz U, Hochmann U, Pohl U, Bothe G, Costa P, Chong PW, et al.
    Exp Ther Med, 2021 Feb;21(2):144.
    PMID: 33456511 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9575
    Intense and prolonged exercise leads to immune suppression, causing upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). A proprietary standardized dietary supplement, IQP-AS-119 has been previously developed to aid immune responses under such conditions. The current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of IQP-AS-119 on marathon runners. A total of 80 participants were randomized equally into groups receiving either placebo (P group) or IQP-AS-119 (V group) treatment, starting 3 weeks before and for 14 days after the marathon. Benefit assessment was performed using different questionnaires. Post-marathon, the V and P groups reported 1±2.38 and 2.11±3.25 days with upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS), respectively (P=0.038). During the 14 days post-marathon, 20.0% of the participants in the V group compared with 44.4% in the P group reported URTS (P=0.042). The V group reported significantly milder URTS compared with the P group on Days 9, 12, 13 and 14 post-marathon (P<0.05). The total Perceived Stress Questionnaire-20 score on days 2-14 were significantly lower for the V group compared with the P group (P=0.035). In the Short Form 12 Health Survey, the V group exhibited significant improvement in mental composite score on days -5 to 14 compared with the P group (P=0.038). In the overall treatment effect assessment, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. The IQP-AS-119 was rated 'very good' or 'good' by investigators and participants, respectively, for 71 and 65% of the participants. The tolerability of IQP-AS-119 was rated as 'very good' or 'good' by both investigators and 95% of participants. No clinically relevant differences were observed between groups regarding adverse events or other safety parameters. Therefore, IQP-AS-119 was demonstrated to reduce the incidence and severity of URTI in marathon runners. Given its good tolerability profile, IQP-AS-119 may be a good nutritional supplement for the reduction of URTS in susceptible individuals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  19. Fulltext Protective potential of fish oil supplementation against insulin resistance and pancreatic islet damage in STZ-induced Wistar rats
    Titisari N, Fauzi A, Razak ISA, Samsulrizal N, Ahmad H
    Open Vet J, 2023 Aug;13(8):983-990.
    PMID: 37701670 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i8.4
    BACKGROUND: Fish oil, which is regarded as the primary source of omega-3 fatty acids, has been long studied for its potential as an antidiabetic therapy. However, its protective ability against insulin resistance and pancreatic islet alteration remains unclear and controversial.

    AIM: To investigate the beneficial effects of fish oil consumption on the progression of insulin resistance and pancreatic islet dysfunction in a rat model of diabetes.

    METHODS: Diabetic rats model (n = 30) were divided into five groups and received; 1) NS injection + NS oral (normal control); 2) NS injection + 3 g/kg fish oil (fish oil control); 3) streptozotocin (STZ) injection + NS oral [diabetes control (DC)]; 4) STZ injection + 1 g/kg fish oil (DFO1); and 5) STZ injection + 3 g/kg fish oil (DFO3). Fasting blood insulin was analyzed by commercial rat insulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; meanwhile, the determination of insulin sensitivity was calculated by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostatic model assessment of beta-cell function. A histological study was conducted on pancreas tissue using H and E staining.

    RESULTS: Fish oil supplementation reduced hyperglycemia and ameliorated HOMA-IR in STZ-induced animal models indicating that fish oil supplementation improved insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, animals treated with fish oil at a dose of 3 g/kg (DFO3) showed an enhancement in pancreatic islets, which was displayed by less abnormal structures than DC animals. This could imply that the administration of fish oil, especially rich in bioactive omega-3 fatty acids effectively inhibits insulin resistance and restore islet of Langerhans alteration in rats injected with STZ.

    CONCLUSION: Thus, the current study suggested that fish oil supplementation could support the treatment of diabetes but should not be considered as an alternative therapy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
  20. Sweet orange peel waste as a feed additive in growth promoting and protective effect against Aeromonas hydrophila of juvenile bagrid catfish Mystus nemurus
    See MS, Musa N, Liew HJ, Harun NO, Rahmah S
    J Environ Manage, 2024 Feb;351:119677.
    PMID: 38042084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119677
    Sweet orange Citrus sinensis peel is a phytobiotic agricultural waste with bioactive compounds that have potential functional properties as a growth promoter and immune stimulator. This study aims to evaluate the dietary effects of sweet orange peel (SOP) as a feed additive on growth enhancement of juvenile bagrid catfish Mystus nemurus and their disease resistance ability against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 (SOP0, control), 4 (SOP4), 8 (SOP8) and 12 g/kg (SOP12) SOP. After 90 d of the feeding experiment, improvement in weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio were observed in the fish fed with SOP4. While fish survival was not significantly affected, hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices were significantly higher in fish fed with SOP12. Muscle protein was higher in fish fed with SOP4, SOP8, and SOP12 than in control but muscle lipids showed an opposite trend. A 14-d post-challenge test against A. hydrophila revealed no significant effect on the fish survival. Nevertheless, fish fed SOP4 encountered delayed bacterial infection compared to other treatments and fish fed with SOP0 and SOP4 performed numerically better survival. Infected fish showed skin depigmentation, haemorrhagic signs at the abdomen and anus, internal bleeding, and stomach and intestine enlargement. In conclusion, SOP4 could be recommended as a growth promoter while slightly delaying A. hydrophila infection in M. nemurus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Supplements
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