MyMedR

Refractive status of children under the age of three years born premature without retinopathy of prematurity

Sharanjeet-Kaur, Norlaila MD, Chung KM, Azrin EA, Boo NY, Ong LC

Clin Ter, 2011;162(6):517-9.

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine and compare the refractive status of premature children without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and full term children below the age of three years.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Profile of low vision children in the special education schools in Malaysia

Omar R, Mohammed Z, Knight VF, Basrul MH

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Dec;64(4):289-93.

PMID: 20954552

This study looked at the causes of vision loss, levels of distance, near vision and the use of low vision devices (LVDs) in children studying at special schools in Malaysia. A total of 139 children from two special education schools took part. Visual acuity was measured with and without LVDs. Those who required further assessment were referred to Low Vision Clinic. Near visual acuity in 71 children ranged from N4 to N64. Sixty eight children could not read the N64 chart or they were totally blind. Only eight students were using LVDs before intervention. Seventy one children were referred for low vision assessment and 48 were found to benefit from the LVDs prescribed. The major cause of visual impairment was cataract (17%). Hand held magnifier was the most preferred LVD. Majority of the children attending the blind schools had residual vision but did not have LVDs. LVDs are able to significantly improve near visual acuity and hence there is a need to prescribe and train the children to use the LVDs.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Congenital yellow nail syndrome: a case report and its relationship to nonimmune fetal hydrops

Nanda A, Al-Essa FH, El-Shafei WM, Alsaleh QA

Pediatr Dermatol, 2010 Sep-Oct;27(5):533-4.

PMID: 20807364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01259.x

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is an uncommon disorder characterized by a triad of nail dystrophy, lymphedema, and pleural effusion. It is rare in children and congenital occurrence of YNS has been very rarely described. We report a 2-year-old Arab boy having congenital yellow nail syndrome with mild facial dysmorphism and bilateral conjunctival pigmentation born to consanguineous parents. One of his older siblings had died of nonimmune fetal hydrops (NIFH). The case supports the genetic basis of yellow nail syndrome with a possible relationship to nonimmune fetal hydrops.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Sleep characteristics of young children in Japan: internet study and comparison with other Asian countries

Kohyama J, Mindell JA, Sadeh A

Pediatr Int, 2011 Oct;53(5):649-655.

PMID: 21199167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2010.03318.x

BACKGROUND: A recent international Internet-based study of young children (birth to 36 months) found that total sleep duration in Japan was the shortest among 17 countries/regions. The present study compared features of children's sleep in Japan relative to those in other Asian countries/regions.

METHODS: Parents of 872 infants and toddlers in Japan (48.6% boys), and parents of 20 455 infants and toddlers in 11 other Asian countries/regions (48.1% boys; China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam) completed an Internet-based expanded version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire.

RESULTS: Young children in Japan exhibited significantly fewer nocturnal wakings and shorter daytime sleep in comparison with other Asian countries/regions. Although the former finding was apparent in all age groups, the reduced duration of daytime sleep in Japan was not present until after 3 months of age. Interestingly, sleep problems were reported by significantly fewer parents in Japan compared with those in other Asian countries/regions, although parents in Japan reported significantly more difficulty at bedtime.

CONCLUSIONS: The short sleep duration of young children in Japan is largely due to a relatively short duration of daytime sleep. Significant differences in sleep characteristics in Japan relative to other Asian regions were found primarily after 3 months of age. Future studies should further explore the underlying causes and the potential impacts of these sleep differences.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Auditory functionality and early use of speech in a group of pediatric cochlear implant users

Umat C, Siti Hufaidah K, Azlizawati AR

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Mar;65(1):7-13.

PMID: 21265239 MyJurnal

This study examined auditory functionality and early use of speech in a group of paediatric cochlear implant users. Parents of 33 implanted children from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Cochlear Implant Program were interviewed using the Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS) and the Meaningful Use of Speech Scale (MUSS). In general, higher MAIS scores post-implantation were significantly associated with higher MUSS scores suggesting that those with better functional hearing with the implant were also better in using spontaneous speech to communicate. Multiple regression analyses showed that several time factors significantly correlated with the MAIS scores post-implantation but not with the MUSS.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Iris mammillations in two female siblings with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Peyman M, Ong MJ, Iqbal T, Subrayan V

BMJ Case Rep, 2010;2010.

PMID: 22802477 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.08.2010.3266

Iris mammillations are dark brown, smooth, mound- or dome-shaped protuberances that are typically found on the anterior iris surface and are presumed to be congenital in origin. This congenital anomaly is usually unilateral and can be hereditary or sporadic. Lisch nodules in neurofibromatosis, tapioca melanoma of the iris, inflammatory iris granulomata and Cogan-Reese syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis. In this case report, the authors present a case of a bilateral iris mammillations in two siblings with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). To our knowledge, this is the first case where bilateral iris mammilations have been found to be associated with a systemic condition. Iris mammillations can be considered as one of the clinical signs in CAH in view of the pathogenesis discussed. Detailed ocular examination in CAH may reveal an increased incidence.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Pahang melioidosis registry

How SH, Ng TH, Jamalludin AR, Tee HP, Kuan YC, Alex F, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Mar;64(1):27-30.

PMID: 19852316 MyJurnal

Melioidosis has a high annual incidence and mortality rate in Pahang, Malaysia. We initiated the first melioidosis registry in the country on 1st July 2005 to improve the management of melioidosis in the state. Continuous medical education on melioidosis was carried out in all hospitals in the state to highlight the magnitude of the disease and to educate the doctors on the treatment of the disease. All culture confirmed cases were registered and analysed. During the one-year study period from 1st July 2005 till 30th June 2006, a total of 63 patients had positive culture for Burkholderia pseudomallei. The calculated annual incidence of melioidosis in Pahang state was 4.3 per 100,000 population per year (Adult, 6.0 per 100, 000 population per year and paediatric, 1.6 per 100,000 population per year). There were 55 Malays (87.3%), three Chinese (4.8%), four aborigines (6.3%) and one Indonesian. Nine (14.3%) were less than 18 years old. The median age was 49 years (range: 1-68 years). Only one patient (1.6%) had a previous history of confirmed melioidosis. With this programme, we had observed a decline in adult mortality from 54% to 44%, although this was not statistically significant. However, culture-confirmed relapses had dropped from 19% to nil. Several measures need to be taken to decrease mortality from melioidosis in endemic countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Parental behaviors and sleep outcomes in infants and toddlers: a cross-cultural comparison

Mindell JA, Sadeh A, Kohyama J, How TH

Sleep Med, 2010 Apr;11(4):393-9.

PMID: 20223706 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.11.011

BACKGROUND: To assess the prevalence of parental behaviors and other factors of sleep ecology and to analyze their relationships with sleep outcomes in a large sample of children ages birth to 36months in multiple countries/regions.
METHODS: Parents of 29,287 infants and toddlers (48% boys; Australia, Canada, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Korea, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States, and Vietnam) completed an internet-based expanded version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire.
RESULTS: Overall, there is a high level of parental involvement in sleep onset and sleep maintenance for young children, with significant differences in parenting behaviors across cultural groups. For predominantly-Caucasian, the most common behavior occurring at bedtime is falling asleep independently in own crib/bed (57%), compared to just 4% of those children living in predominantly-Asian regions. Parental behaviors and sleep ecology, including parental presence at sleep onset, bedtime, and bedtime routine, significantly explain a portion of the variance in sleep patterns. Overall, parental behaviors are more highly predictive of nighttime sleep outcomes in predominantly-Caucasian regions. Finally, parental involvement in sleep onset mediates the relationship between cosleeping and sleep outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the best predictors of nighttime sleep are related to parental behaviors at bedtime and during the night. Furthermore, sleep disruption and decreased total sleep associated with bed sharing and room sharing are mediated by parental presence at bedtime. These findings provide additional support for addressing parental behaviors in behavioral interventions for infant and toddler sleep problems.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Paediatric forearm fractures: functional outcome of conservative treatment

Tarmuzi NA, Abdullah S, Osman Z, Das S

Bratisl Lek Listy, 2009;110(9):563-8.

PMID: 19827340

Forearm fractures are common in the paediatric age group. Closed reduction and casting are the primary means of treatment in over 90% of these fractures. Resultant deformities are usually a product of indirect trauma involving angular loading combined with rotational deformity and fragment displacement.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Screening of dystrophin gene deletions in Malaysian patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Marini M, Salmi AA, Watihayati MS, SMardziah MD, Zahri MK, Hoh BP, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Mar;63(1):31-4.

PMID: 18935728 MyJurnal

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder characterized by rapidly progressive muscle weakness. The disease is caused by deletion, duplication or point mutation of the dystrophin gene, located on the X chromosome (Xp21). Deletion accounts for 60% of the mutations within the 79 exons of the dystrophin gene. Seven exons (43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 50, and 51) were found to be most commonly deleted among the Asian patients. To detect the frequency of deletion of these 7 exons in Malaysian DMD patients, we carried out a molecular genetic analysis in 20 Malaysian DMD patients. The mean age of initial presentation was 60 months (SD 32 months, range 5-120 months). Fourteen patients were found to have deletion of at least one of the seven exons. The remaining six patients did not show any deletion on the tested exons. Deletions of exons 49, 50 and 51 were the most frequent (71.43%) and appear to be the hot spots in our cohort of patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Spontaneous splenic rupture secondary to phaeyohyphomycosis and splenic abscesses

Sithasanan N, Chong LA, Ariffin H

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Aug;62(3):247-8.

PMID: 18246918 MyJurnal

Phaeohyphomycosis consists of a group of mycotic infections characterized by the presence of dematiaceous (dark walled) septate hyphae. Splenic abscess and spontaneous rupture is an infrequent complication in children with haematological malignancies and can be life threatening. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a case of splenic rupture following the development of multiple abscesses secondary to infestation by this rare fungal species.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Oral bag-valve-mask insufflation technique to remove unilateral friable nasal foreign body in emergency department

Cheah PK, Ahmed R, Ho CV, Lim CC

Malays Fam Physician, 2009;4(2-3):91-3.

PMID: 25606171 MyJurnal

Nasal foreign body in children is not an uncommon presentation to the Emergency Department. Removal is essential. Many methods of removal exist. Nasal wash technique is advocated mainly in friable foreign bodies. We report the successful use of the oral bag-valve-mask insufflation technique to remove friable facial tissue in the left nose of a 2 year-old girl. We used a pediatric bag-valve-mask with a pop-off pressure relief valve to avoid barotrauma. Pop-off pressure relief valve limits the pressure beyond 30mmHg. Conscious sedation was not required. There were no complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Pediatric cancer deaths: curative or palliative?

Menon BS, Mohamed M, Juraida E, Ibrahim H

J Palliat Med, 2008 Dec;11(10):1301-3.

PMID: 19115887 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2008.0167

The aims of this study were to review the deaths of Malaysian pediatric oncology patients in order to determine the major causes and the proportion of patients who received palliative care.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy

Rasan MI, Shailendra S, Prepageran N, Gopala K, Sathananthar KS

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):143-5.

PMID: 18942302 MyJurnal

A review of 45 patients who underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR) from 1998 to 2005 was done. Only patients who had complete notes and had Jones tube removed at least three months before the study were included. Our experience with EDCR concludes it to be an easy, efficient treatment for nasolacrimal duct obstruction with minimal complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Assessing the development of children with disability in Malaysia

Tan KL, Yadav H

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Aug;63(3):199-202.

PMID: 19248689 MyJurnal

This is a cross-sectional study investigating the profile of children with disability registered with the primary health care clinics in Malaysia. The purpose of the study was to assess the developmental stage of children with disability. Secondary data from the pilot project conducted by the Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia was used in this study. The study period was for six months from 1st August 2004 until 31st January 2005. A total of 900 disabled children were selected in this study. Schedule of Growing Scale (SGS) II was used for analysis. Results showed more boys than girls were affected with a ratio of 6:4. The mean total SGS score increases as the age of the child increased. The score was highest in delayed speech cases and lowest in cerebral palsy cases. The performance among children with delayed speech was the highest while children with cerebral palsy were the lowest. There was a statistically significant difference between the major ethnic groups in delayed speech and attention deficit hyperactive disorder.
Questionnaire: Denver Developmental Assessment Test II chart; DSST; Schedule of Growing Scale II; SGS

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext The accuracy of mother's touch to detect fever in children: a systematic review

Teng CL, Ng CJ, Hanafi NS, Zailinawati AH, Tong SF

J Trop Pediatr, 2008 Feb;54(1):70-3.

PMID: 18039678 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmm077

Universally, mothers often use touching to detect fever in their children. We perform a systematic review of published diagnostic studies evaluating the ability of mothers to detect fever in their children by touching. We found 10 studies satisfying our inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed a summary sensitivity of 89.2% and summary specificity of 50%-maternal touch is perhaps more useful to exclude fever rather than to 'rule in' fever. However, due to significant heterogeneity in the included studies, interpretation of the summary data is difficult.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Childhood invasive pneumococcal disease: a hospital-based study from Malaysia

Lim LH, Lee WS, Parasakthi N

J Paediatr Child Health, 2007 May;43(5):366-9.

PMID: 17489826

New conjugate vaccine for Streptococcus pneumoniae has been introduced in Malaysia recently. Information on infection due to S. pneumoniae in Malaysian children is scarce. We conducted a retrospective chart review of childhood invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) presented to a single centre in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext An epidemiological cluster pattern of dengue outbreak amongst close contacts in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia

Ang KT, Ruhaini I, Chua KB

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Aug;61(3):292-5.

PMID: 17240578 MyJurnal

Dengue fever is major public health problem especially among the highly urbanized states of Malaysia, such as, Selangor and Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory. We report an epidemiological cluster pattern of dengue outbreak in the district of Gombak, Selangor that may mimic other acute febrile illnesses in which the transmission mode is via close contact. This dengue outbreak consisted of two waves; an initial cluster of three cases (including the first deceased, JI) which occurred between 20th and 21st of July, followed by a later larger cluster of 11 cases that occurred between 1st and 8th of August 2005. This epidemiological clustering pattern of acute dengue virus infection among close contacts suggests an intense rate of dengue virus transmission within the vicinity of the first deceased's house.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext The use of surgicel to stop epistaxis in children secondary to coagulopathies

Prepageran N, Raman R

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Mar;62(1):87.

PMID: 17682585

The management of epistaxis in patient with coagulopathies can be traumatic for both the patient and the attending physician. This can be rather frustrating especially in children with haematological malignancies. Packing these children’s nasal cavity can be difficult and the trauma associated with the packing can further aggravate epistaxis.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Chromosome 13q deletion with Cornelia de Lange syndrome phenotype

Ngo CT, Alhady M, Tan AK, Norlasiah IS, Ong GB, Chua CN

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Mar;62(1):74-5.

PMID: 17682579

A 3-year-old girl with facial dysmorphic features suggestive of Cornelia de Lange syndrome was seen in the ophthalmology unit for a right leukocoria. The leukocoria was found to be caused by a large retinoblastoma and the right eye was enucleated. Chromosomal analysis revealed partial chromosome 13q deletion involving band 14 which is associated with a high risk of retinoblastoma. This case shows that patient with chromosome 13q deletion syndrome cannot be diagnosed based on dysmorphic features only. Chromosomal analysis is warranted in all infants with facial dysmorphism suggestive of Cornelia de Lange syndrome so that those with chromosome 13q deletion can be referred early for early detection of retinoblastoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

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