MyMedR

Displaying publications 3121 - 3140 of 8284 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Determination of quarantine period in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed with pig (Sus sp.) offal to assure compliance with halal standards

Wan Norhana MN, Dykes GA, Padilah B, Ahmad Hazizi AA, Masazurah AR

Food Chem, 2012 Dec 1;135(3):1268-72.
PMID: 22953853 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.083

Pig (Sus sp.) and pig by-products are considered as najasa (impurities) in Islam and forbidden in Muslim consumer products. Animals fed on najasa are categorised as al-jallālah (contaminated animals) which are allowed to be consumed as long as they have been quarantined for a certain period of time. During this quarantine period the animals will have undergone a natural purification process or istihālah. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) are commonly consumed in Malaysia and may be fed on najasa. This study was carried out to estimate the istihālah period for catfish after feeding with pig offal, based on the absence of pig DNA in catfish gut and to suggest the quarantine period in catfish fed with pig offal. The results indicated that the maximum istihālah period could reach 36h in the stomach, 6h in the midgut and less than 2h in the hindgut although in many cases shorter periods were observed. Based on these results it is estimated that the minimum quarantine period for catfish fed with pig offal is 1.5days.

Matched MeSH terms: Catfishes/genetics
Analysis of the genetic diversity of physic nut, Jatropha curcas L. accessions using RAPD markers

Rafii MY, Shabanimofrad M, Puteri Edaroyati MW, Latif MA

Mol Biol Rep, 2012 Jun;39(6):6505-11.
PMID: 22307785 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1478-2

A sum of 48 accessions of physic nut, Jatropha curcas L. were analyzed to determine the genetic diversity and association between geographical origin using RAPD-PCR markers. Eight primers generated a total of 92 fragments with an average of 11.5 amplicons per primer. Polymorphism percentages of J. curcas accessions for Selangor, Kelantan, and Terengganu states were 80.4, 50.0, and 58.7%, respectively, with an average of 63.04%. Jaccard's genetic similarity co-efficient indicated the high level of genetic variation among the accessions which ranged between 0.06 and 0.81. According to UPGMA dendrogram, 48 J. curcas accessions were grouped into four major clusters at coefficient level 0.3 and accessions from same and near states or regions were found to be grouped together according to their geographical origin. Coefficient of genetic differentiation (G(st)) value of J. curcas revealed that it is an outcrossing species.

Matched MeSH terms: Jatropha/genetics*
Assembly of highly diverse genes using degenerate oligonucleotides by temperature cascade

Loh Q, Bahara NH, Choong YS, Lim TS

Anal Biochem, 2012 Dec 1;431(1):54-6.
PMID: 22975202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.08.025

The quality of a nucleotide-based library such as a synthetic antibody library is highly dependent on the diversity available. Diversity can be generated using degenerate oligonucleotides introduced during gene assembly. Conventional approaches to gene assembly are not efficient for oligonucleotides with long stretches of degeneracy. We propose an efficient alternative for simultaneous introduction of three randomized regions in a synthetic antibody gene via temperature cascading. The strategy takes advantage of DNA reannealing kinetics. The strategy can be adopted for generating diversity of gene inserts during the construction of nucleotide-based libraries.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies/genetics
Fulltext The sex determination gene shows no founder effect in the giant honey bee, Apis dorsata

Liu ZY, Wang ZL, Yan WY, Wu XB, Zeng ZJ, Huang ZY

PLoS One, 2012;7(4):e34436.
PMID: 22511940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034436

All honey bee species (Apis spp) share the same sex determination mechanism using the complementary sex determination (csd) gene. Only individuals heterogeneous at the csd allele develop into females, and the homozygous develop into diploid males, which do not survive. The honeybees are therefore under selection pressure to generate new csd alleles. Previous studies have shown that the csd gene is under balancing selection. We hypothesize that due to the long separation from the mainland of Hainan Island, China, that the giant honey bees (Apis dorsata) should show a founder effect for the csd gene, with many different alleles clustered together, and these would be absent on the mainland.

Matched MeSH terms: Bees/genetics*
Fulltext Stability analysis of oil yield in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) progenies in different environments

Rafii MY, Jalani BS, Rajanaidu N, Kushairi A, Puteh A, Latif MA

Genet. Mol. Res., 2012;11(4):3629-41.
PMID: 23096688 DOI: 10.4238/2012.October.4.10

We evaluated 38 dura x pisifera (DP) oil palm progenies in four locations in Malaysia for genotype by environment interaction and genotypic stability studies. The DP progenies derived from crosses between pisifera palms of AVROS, Serdang S27B, Serdang 29/36, and Lever Cameroon were chosen to be the males' parent and Deli dura palms designated as females' parent. All the locations differed in terms of soil physical and chemical properties, and the soil types ranged from coastal clay to inland soils. The genotype by environment interaction and stability of the individual genotypes were analyzed for oil yield trait using several stability techniques. A genotype by environment interaction was detected for oil yield and it had a larger variance component than genotypic variance (σ(2)(gl)/σ(2)(g) = 139.7%). Genotype by environment interaction of oil yield was largely explained by a non-linear relationship between genotypic and environmental values. Overall assessment of individual genotypic stability showed that seven genotypes were highly stable and had consistent performance over the environments for the oil yield trait [total individual genotype stability scored more than 10 and mean oil yielded above the average of the environment (genotype means are more than 34.37 kg·palm(-1)·year(-1))]. These genotypes will be useful for oil palm breeding and tissue culture programs for developing high oil yielding planting materials with stable performance.

Matched MeSH terms: Arecaceae/genetics
Genotypes of rotavirus diarrhoea in a children hospital of Bangladesh

Ahmed S, Hussain M, Akhter S, Islam T, Ahmed SU, Kabir ML

Mymensingh Med J, 2012 Jul;21(3):497-502.
PMID: 22828550

Globally, rotaviruses are the single most important etiologic agents of severe childhood dehydrating diarrhea that accounts for more than 125 million of cases, 25-55% of all hospital admissions for diarrhea and ≈600,000 deaths every year. In Bangladesh, while overall diarrhea related deaths are declining, the proportion of diarrhea deaths due to rotavirus is increasing. This study was aimed at estimating the burden of rotavirus diarrhea and isolating the genotypes of rotavirus in a children hospital of Bangladesh; thereby endorsing a logical search for an appropriate rotavirus vaccine. This cross sectional study was carried out in the Institute of Child and Mother Health, Matuail, Dhaka, Bangladesh during 2006-2007. Children aged between one month and five years suffering form diarrhea were enrolled in the study. Stool samples were analyzed by ELISA for rotavirus antigen. The rotavirus-positive samples were further analyzed for genotype determination. Among 656 stool samples, 39.5% samples were positive for rotavirus antigen. The mean age of the children studied was 12±9.9 months; the peak being in the second half of infancy. G2 was identified as the most dominant genotype (45.5%) followed by G1 (24.8%), G12 (9.6%), G9 (8.5%) and G4 (2.1%) genotypes. Since G2 were found to be the predominant circulating rotavirus strain in this study and some other studies in Bangladesh, the recommended vaccine for prevention of rotavirus infection in Bangladesh should cover this strain to have maximum effectiveness.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus/genetics
Selective breeding in fish and conservation of genetic resources for aquaculture

Lind CE, Ponzoni RW, Nguyen NH, Khaw HL

Reprod. Domest. Anim., 2012 Aug;47 Suppl 4:255-63.
PMID: 22827379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02084.x

To satisfy increasing demands for fish as food, progress must occur towards greater aquaculture productivity whilst retaining the wild and farmed genetic resources that underpin global fish production. We review the main selection methods that have been developed for genetic improvement in aquaculture, and discuss their virtues and shortcomings. Examples of the application of mass, cohort, within family, and combined between-family and within-family selection are given. In addition, we review the manner in which fish genetic resources can be lost at the intra-specific, species and ecosystem levels and discuss options to best prevent this. We illustrate that fundamental principles of genetic management are common in the implementation of both selective breeding and conservation programmes, and should be emphasized in capacity development efforts. We highlight the value of applied genetics approaches for increasing aquaculture productivity and the conservation of fish genetic resources.

Matched MeSH terms: Fishes/genetics*
A rapid and cost effective method in purifying small RNA

Citartan M, Tan SC, Tang TH

World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2012 Jan;28(1):105-11.
PMID: 22806785 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0797-0

Purification of RNA fragments from a complex mixture is a very common technique, and requires consideration of the time, cost, purity and yield of the purified RNA fragments. This study describes the fastest method of purifying small RNA with the lowest cost possible, without compromizing the yield and purity. The technique describes the purification of small RNA from polyacrylamide gel, resulting in a good yield of small RNA with minimum experimental steps in avoiding degradation of the RNA, obviating the use of ethidium bromide and phenol-chloroform extraction, as well as siliconized glass wools to remove the polyacrylamide gel particles. The purified small RNA is suitable for a wide variety of applications such as ligation, end labelling with radio isotope, RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase-PCR), Northern blotting, experimental RNomics study and also Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX).

Matched MeSH terms: RNA/genetics
Fulltext Partial deletion 9p syndrome in Malaysian children

Chew HB, Thong MK

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Sep;65(3):215-7.
PMID: 21939171 MyJurnal

We report the first two Malaysian children with partial deletion 9p syndrome, a well delineated but rare clinical entity. Both patients had trigonocephaly, arching eyebrows, anteverted nares, long philtrum, abnormal ear lobules, congenital heart lesions and digital anomalies. In addition, the first patient had underdeveloped female genitalia and anterior anus. The second patient had hypocalcaemia and high arched palate and was initially diagnosed with DiGeorge syndrome. Chromosomal analysis revealed a partial deletion at the short arm of chromosome 9. Karyotyping should be performed in patients with craniostenosis and multiple abnormalities as an early syndromic diagnosis confers prognostic, counselling and management implications.

Matched MeSH terms: Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
Improved method for the isolation of RNA from bacteria refractory to disruption, including S. aureus producing biofilm

Atshan SS, Shamsudin MN, Lung LT, Ling KH, Sekawi Z, Pei CP, et al.

Gene, 2012 Feb 25;494(2):219-24.
PMID: 22222139 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.12.010

The development of fast, reliable and inexpensive phenol protocol is described for the isolation of RNA from bacterial biofilm producers. The method was tested on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and other biofilm-producing gram-negative microorganisms and provided the highest integrity of RNA recovery in comparison to other methods reported here. In parallel experiments, bacterial lysis with Qiagen, NucleoSpin RNAII, InnuREP RNA Mini, Trizol and MasterPure RNA extraction Kits using standard protocols consistently gave low RNA yields with an absence of integrity. The boiling method presented here yielded high concentration of RNA that was free from 16S and 23S rRNA, contained 5S RNA. Higher yields due to improved biofilm bacterial cell lysis were achieved with an added hot phenol incubation step without the need for a bead mill or the enzyme. This method when used in conjunction with the Qiagen RNeasy Mini kit, RNA isolation was a success with greater integrity and contained undegraded 16S and 23S rRNA and did not require further purification. Contaminating DNA was a problem with the RNA processing samples; we used quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) to measure the recovery of RNA from bacterial biofilm cells using the method described here.

Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcus aureus/genetics*
Phylogenetic diversity of acidophilic actinomycetes from Malaysia

Muramatsu H, Murakami R, Ibrahim ZH, Murakami K, Shahab N, Nagai K

J Antibiot (Tokyo), 2011 Sep;64(9):621-4.
PMID: 21792208 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2011.57
Matched MeSH terms: Actinobacteria/genetics*
Antioxidative peptides from food proteins: a review

Sarmadi BH, Ismail A

Peptides, 2010 Oct;31(10):1949-56.
PMID: 20600423 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.06.020

Bioactive peptides, as products of hydrolysis of diverse food proteins, are the focus of current research. They exert various biological roles, one of the most crucial of which is the antioxidant activity. Reverse relationship between antioxidant intake and diseases has been approved through plenty of studies. Antioxidant activity of bioactive peptides can be attributed to their radical scavenging, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and metal ion chelation properties of peptides. It also has been proposed that peptide structure and its amino acid sequence can affect its antioxidative properties. This paper reviews bioactive peptides from food sources concerning their antioxidant activities. Additionally, specific characteristics of antioxidative bioactive peptides, enzymatic production, methods to evaluate antioxidant capacity, bioavailability, and safety concerns of peptides are reviewed.

Matched MeSH terms: Peptides/genetics
Taxonomic status of three types of Fejervarya cancrivora from Indonesia and other Asian countries based on morphological observations and crossing experiments

Kurniawan N, Djong TH, Islam MM, Nishizawa T, Belabut DM, Sen YH, et al.

Zoolog Sci, 2011 Jan;28(1):12-24.
PMID: 21186942 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.28.12

Although the crab-eating frog Fejervarya cancrivora is one of the most widely distributed species in Asian region, taxonomic relationships among different populations remain unclarified. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the taxonomic status of F. cancrivora from Indonesian and other Asian populations. Five populations of F. cancrivora from Selangor (Malaysia), Cianjur (Java, Indonesia), Trat (Thailand), Khulna (Bangladesh), and Makassar (Sulawesi, Indonesia) were morphologically observed and subjected to crossing experiments. Principal component and clustering analyses revealed that these five populations could be organized into three groups corresponding to three observed morphological types: a Selangor and Cianjur group (large-type), a Trat and Khulna group (mangrove-type), and a Makassar group (Sulawesi-type). The limited crossing experiments revealed that hybrids between Selangor females and Cianjur and Trat males developed normally, whereas hybrids between Selangor females and Khulna males showed incomplete gametic isolation. Histological observations of the testes of mature males revealed the presence of pycnotic nuclei in the hybrids between Selangor females and Khulna males in addition to normal bundles of spermatozoa. In contrast, no pycnotic nuclei were observed in the Selangor controls. Although meiotic metaphases in the controls were normal, those in hybrids showed several abnormalities, such as the appearance of univalents and an increase in rod-shaped bivalents. Based on our findings from the morphological observations and crossing experiments, we conclude that each of three identified types represents a distinct species. We propose that the large-type is F. cancrivora, the mangrove-type is F. moodiei, and the Sulawesi-type represents an undescribed species.

Matched MeSH terms: Ranidae/genetics
Fulltext Improving the potency of DNA vaccine against chicken anemia virus (CAV) by fusing VP1 protein of CAV to Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) type-1 VP22 protein

Moeini H, Omar AR, Rahim RA, Yusoff K

Virol J, 2011;8:119.
PMID: 21401953 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-119

Studies have shown that the VP22 gene of Marek's Disease Virus type-1 (MDV-1) has the property of movement between cells from the original cell of expression into the neighboring cells. The ability to facilitate the spreading of the linked proteins was used to improve the potency of the constructed DNA vaccines against chicken anemia virus (CAV).

Matched MeSH terms: Herpesvirus 2, Gallid/genetics; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics; Viral Proteins/genetics; Viral Vaccines/genetics; Chicken anemia virus/genetics; Vaccines, DNA/genetics; Capsid Proteins/genetics
Gene expression profiling and cancer-related pathways in type I endometrial carcinoma

Saghir FS, Rose IM, Dali AZ, Shamsuddin Z, Jamal AR, Mokhtar NM

Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 2010 Jul;20(5):724-31.
PMID: 20973258

INTRODUCTION: Malignant transformation of type I endometrium involves alteration in gene expression with subsequent uncontrolled proliferation of altered cells.
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the present study was to identify the cancer-related genes and gene pathways in the endometrium of healthy and cancer patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty endometrial tissues from healthy and type I EC patients were subjected to total RNA isolation. The RNA samples with good integrity number were hybridized to a new version of Affymetrix Human Genome GeneChip 1.0 ST array. We analyzed the results using the GeneSpring 9.0 GX and the Pathway Studio 6.1 software. For validation assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze 4 selected genes in normal and EC tissue.
RESULTS: Of the 28,869 genes profiled, we identified 621 differentially expressed genes (2-fold) in the normal tissue and the tumor. Among these genes, 146 were up-regulated and 476 were down-regulated in the tumor as compared with the normal tissue (P < 0.001). Up-regulated genes included the v-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3 (ErbB3), ErbB4, E74-like factor 3 (ELF3), and chemokine ligand 17 (CXCL17). The down-regulated genes included signal transducer and activator transcription 5B (STAT5b), transforming growth factor A receptor III (TGFA3), caveolin 1 (CAV1), and protein kinase C alpha (PKCA). The gene set enrichment analysis showed 10 significant gene sets with related genes (P < 0.05). The quantitative polymerase chain reaction of 4 selected genes using similar RNA confirmed the microarray results (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Identification of molecular pathways with their genes related to type I EC contribute to the understanding of pathophysiology of this cancer, probably leading to identifying potential biomarkers of the cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Endometrial Neoplasms/genetics*
Initiating a Human Variome Project Country Node

AlAama J, Smith TD, Lo A, Howard H, Kline AA, Lange M, et al.

Hum Mutat, 2011 May;32(5):501-6.
PMID: 21305654 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21463

Genetic diseases are a pressing global health problem that requires comprehensive access to basic clinical and genetic data to counter. The creation of regional and international databases that can be easily accessed by clinicians and diagnostic labs will greatly improve our ability to accurately diagnose and treat patients with genetic disorders. The Human Variome Project is currently working in conjunction with human genetics societies to achieve this by establishing systems to collect every mutation reported by a diagnostic laboratory, clinic, or research laboratory in a country and store these within a national repository, or HVP Country Node. Nodes have already been initiated in Australia, Belgium, China, Egypt, Malaysia, and Kuwait. Each is examining how to systematically collect and share genetic, clinical, and biochemical information in a country-specific manner that is sensitive to local ethical and cultural issues. This article gathers cases of genetic data collection within countries and takes recommendations from the global community to develop a procedure for countries wishing to establish their own collection system as part of the Human Variome Project. We hope this may lead to standard practices to facilitate global collection of data and allow efficient use in clinical practice, research and therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Genome, Human/genetics*
Fulltext Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis in Malaysian patients--a report of five cases

Lee WS, Chai PF, Looi LM

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Sep;64(3):216-9.
PMID: 20527271

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is characterized by early onset cholestasis, progressive liver cirrhosis, pruritus, poor growth and inexorable progression to liver cirrhosis in early childhood. The serum level of gamma-glutamyl transferase is low or normal, which is discordant with severe cholestasis. Five Malaysian patients with PFIC, who all had typical features of PFIC with early onset of severe and progressive cholestasis, pruritus, cirrhosis and liver failure, were described. Three patients died as a result of the disease, while another one died due to post-liver transplant complication. The only survivor has compensated liver cirrhosis. Patients with severe cholestasis but has spuriously low yGT should be suspected of having PFIC. Liver transplant, which is life-saving in a majority of patients with PFIC, should be considered in all patients with PFIC.

Matched MeSH terms: Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/genetics*
Flowering response and crop duration of aromatic rices in diverse environments

Shahidullah SM, Hanafi MM, Ashrafuzzaman M, Salam MA, Khair A

C. R. Biol., 2009 Oct;332(10):909-16.
PMID: 19819411 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2009.07.003

Crop duration of a rice plant, essentially dictated by flowering response, is an important selection criterion. It is determined by the interaction of genotype and environment. A field experiment was conducted with 40 rice genotypes to assess the fluctuation and/or stability of crop duration in a series of 16 environmental conditions. The effects of genotype, environment and all the components of G x E interaction were highly significant. Among the genotypes Benaful and Gandho kasturi were most sensitive to environmental changes, and indicating lower adaptability over the environments. Crop durations of 17 genotypes were comparatively stable against environmental changes. Four genotypes viz. Basmati PNR346, BR28, Neimat and Sarwati showed only nonlinear sensitivity and thus unpredictable fluctuation. Seventeen genotypes indicated average stability over the environments. The AMMI analysis identified Badshabhog, Basmati Tapl-90, Bhog ganjia, BR38, Elai, Jata katari and Radhuni pagal as most stable genotypes over the environment series. It also advocated three comparatively stable environments for all the genotypes.

Matched MeSH terms: Oryza/genetics
Biomass accumulation and energy conversion efficiency in aromatic rice genotypes

Shahidullah SM, Hanafi MM, Ashrafuzzaman M, Razi Ismail M, Salam MA, Khair A

C. R. Biol., 2010 Jan;333(1):61-7.
PMID: 20176338 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2009.10.002

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate photosynthetic efficiency along with different growth parameters of aromatic rice genotypes. Forty genotypes including three non-aromatic checks exhibited enormous variations for leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), grain yield, total dry matter, harvest index and photosynthetic efficiency or energy use efficiency (Emu) at panicle initiation and heading stages. Minimum LAI-value was 0.52 in Khazar at PI stage and maximum was 4.91 in Sakkor khora at heading stage. The CGR-value was in the range of 4.80-24.11 g m(-2) per day. The best yielder BR39 produced grain of 4.21 t ha(-1) and the worst yielder Khazar gave 1.42 t ha(-1). Total dry matter (TDM) yield varied from 4.04 to 12.26 t ha(-1) where genotypes proved their energy use efficiency a range between 0.58 to 1.65%. Emu showed a significant positive relation with TDM (r=0.80(**)), CGR (r=0.72(**)) and grain yield (r=0.66(**)). A negative correlation was established between TDM and harvest index and LAI and RGR. Path analysis result showed that NAR at heading stage exerted highest positive direct effect (0.70) on Emu.

Matched MeSH terms: Oryza/genetics*
Fulltext Iris mammillations in two female siblings with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Peyman M, Ong MJ, Iqbal T, Subrayan V

BMJ Case Rep, 2010;2010.
PMID: 22802477 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.08.2010.3266

Iris mammillations are dark brown, smooth, mound- or dome-shaped protuberances that are typically found on the anterior iris surface and are presumed to be congenital in origin. This congenital anomaly is usually unilateral and can be hereditary or sporadic. Lisch nodules in neurofibromatosis, tapioca melanoma of the iris, inflammatory iris granulomata and Cogan-Reese syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis. In this case report, the authors present a case of a bilateral iris mammillations in two siblings with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). To our knowledge, this is the first case where bilateral iris mammilations have been found to be associated with a systemic condition. Iris mammillations can be considered as one of the clinical signs in CAH in view of the pathogenesis discussed. Detailed ocular examination in CAH may reveal an increased incidence.

Matched MeSH terms: Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/genetics*

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links