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Transmission of vibration through glove materials: effects of contact force

Md Rezali KA, Griffin MJ

Ergonomics, 2018 Sep;61(9):1246-1258.
PMID: 29628001 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1462407

This study investigated effects of applied force on the apparent mass of the hand, the dynamic stiffness of glove materials and the transmission of vibration through gloves to the hand. For 10 subjects, 3 glove materials and 3 contact forces, apparent masses and glove transmissibilities were measured at the palm and at a finger at frequencies in the range 5-300 Hz. The dynamic stiffnesses of the materials were also measured. With increasing force, the dynamic stiffnesses of the materials increased, the apparent mass at the palm increased at frequencies greater than the resonance and the apparent mass at the finger increased at low frequencies. The effects of force on transmissibilities therefore differed between materials and depended on vibration frequency, but changes in apparent mass and dynamic stiffness had predictable effects on material transmissibility. Depending on the glove material, the transmission of vibration through a glove can be increased or decreased when increasing the applied force. Practitioner summary: Increasing the contact force (i.e. push force or grip force) can increase or decrease the transmission of vibration through a glove. The vibration transmissibilities of gloves should be assessed with a range of contact forces to understand their likely influence on the exposure of the hand and fingers to vibration.
Fulltext Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome: a case report

Abdul Rashid AM, Md Noh MSF

BMC Neurol, 2018 May 29;18(1):76.
PMID: 29843624 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-018-1079-3

BACKGROUND: Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome is a rare condition of unknown frequency resulting from brain injury due to a multitude of causes; especially in early life. Characteristics include cerebral hemiatrophy/hypoplasia, contralateral hemiparesis, seizures, and compensatory osseous hypertrophy.
CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 13-year-old girl who initially presented with headaches, followed by episodic complex-partial seizures; which was controlled via medication. She also had right sided hemiparesis. Computed tomography (CT) showed evidence of left parieto-temporal infarct with cerebral atrophy. Complementary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not reveal additional information. Workup for young stroke was negative. Upon further evaluation by Neuroradiology, features suggesting Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome were confirmed. Patient has been under Neurology follow up since.
CONCLUSIONS: Due to its rarity, Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome may easily be missed by the majority of treating clinicians. Knowledge of its features on imaging enables timely and accurate diagnosis - allowing appropriate management.
Fulltext Real-Time Human Detection for Aerial Captured Video Sequences via Deep Models

AlDahoul N, Md Sabri AQ, Mansoor AM

Comput Intell Neurosci, 2018;2018:1639561.
PMID: 29623089 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1639561

Human detection in videos plays an important role in various real life applications. Most of traditional approaches depend on utilizing handcrafted features which are problem-dependent and optimal for specific tasks. Moreover, they are highly susceptible to dynamical events such as illumination changes, camera jitter, and variations in object sizes. On the other hand, the proposed feature learning approaches are cheaper and easier because highly abstract and discriminative features can be produced automatically without the need of expert knowledge. In this paper, we utilize automatic feature learning methods which combine optical flow and three different deep models (i.e., supervised convolutional neural network (S-CNN), pretrained CNN feature extractor, and hierarchical extreme learning machine) for human detection in videos captured using a nonstatic camera on an aerial platform with varying altitudes. The models are trained and tested on the publicly available and highly challenging UCF-ARG aerial dataset. The comparison between these models in terms of training, testing accuracy, and learning speed is analyzed. The performance evaluation considers five human actions (digging, waving, throwing, walking, and running). Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed methods are successful for human detection task. Pretrained CNN produces an average accuracy of 98.09%. S-CNN produces an average accuracy of 95.6% with soft-max and 91.7% with Support Vector Machines (SVM). H-ELM has an average accuracy of 95.9%. Using a normal Central Processing Unit (CPU), H-ELM's training time takes 445 seconds. Learning in S-CNN takes 770 seconds with a high performance Graphical Processing Unit (GPU).
Type 2 diabetes patients are more amenable to change following a contextualised diabetes education programme in Malaysia

Ahmad B, Md Zain AZ, Fatt QK

Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2017 Dec;11 Suppl 2:S901-S906.
PMID: 28709852 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.07.013

The aim of the study is to determine the impact of diabetes education on patients' glycaemic control. A prospective 18-month intervention study was conducted at four ambulatory diabetes centres. Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes patients attended an hour of structured diabetes education at their respective diabetes centres. A month post-intervention patients were contacted through telephone and followed up for 18 months. Anthropometric measurements and socio-demographic details were collected during the first visit. HbA1C blood test for each patient was taken at beginning and end of study. Patients' diabetes knowledge showed 80% obtained Excellent or Very Good score. The Telephone Contact (TC) retention rate was 75.52% at 18 months. There was a significant improvement (p=0.001) in patients' glycaemic control with a reduction in HbA1C of ≥1% from baseline. Diabetes education intervention contributed positively to significant glycaemic improvement and should be embedded within a structured diabetes care delivery system.
The effect of pre-phototest sun exposure on minimal erythema dose and minimal melanogenic dose among skin phototypes III, IV and V

Wong LC, Jamil A, Md Nor N

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed, 2018 Nov;34(6):400-404.
PMID: 29953669 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12410

BACKGROUND: Ethnicity, skin phototype and colour influenced minimal erythema dose (MED). Sun exposure has been postulated to increase MED. We determined immediate pigment darkening dose to UVA (IPDDA), MED and minimal melanogenic dose (MMD) for UVB and UVA, and investigated factors affecting these doses.
METHODS: Skin phototype was determined using Fitzpatrick phototype quiz, DSMII ColorMeter measured skin colours, sun exposure quantified using an index (SEI) and phototest performed with MEDlight-Multitester.
RESULTS: A total of 167 healthy volunteers participated. There were 110 (66%) females and 56 (34%) males; 124 (74.7%) were Malay, 27 (16.3%) Chinese and 14 (8.4%) Indians. One hundred and nine (65.7%) skin phototype IV, 30 (18.1%) phototype III and 27 (16.3%) phototype V. IPDDA ranges from 6 ± 1.5-5.7 ± 1.4 J/cm2 . MED-UVB were 96.9 ± 17.6, 124 ± 29.3 and 118.6 ± 27.4 mJ/cm2 for phototype III, IV and V, respectively. All MED-UVA were outside the tested dose range of 3.6-11 J/cm2 . MMD-UVB were 106 ± 18.2, 134 ± 25.6 and 136 ± 31.1 mJ/cm2 while MMD-UVA were 4.1 ± 4.1, 4.9 ± 3.8 and 5.7 ± 3.7 J/cm2 respectively for phototypes III, IV and V. MED-UVB, MMD-UVB and MMD-UVA did not depend on skin phototype. Facultative skin whiteness (L*), erythema (E) and melanin content (M) correlated significantly with MED-UVB while constitutive skin colours were significant for L*, yellowness (b*), E and M. Sun exposure did not significantly correlate with MED-UVB and MMDs, however, an inverse relationship with MED-UVB was demonstrated.
CONCLUSION: Minimal erythema doses in our cohort were slightly different from other regional countries. Constitutive and facultative skin whiteness, erythema and melanin content correlated with MED. There was no association between skin phototype and sun exposure with MED or MMD.
The Potential Source of B. licheniformis Contamination During Whey Protein Concentrate 80 Manufacture

Md Zain SN, Bennett R, Flint S

J Food Sci, 2017 Mar;82(3):751-756.
PMID: 28135405 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13633

The objective of this study was to determine the possible source of predominant Bacillus licheniformis contamination in a whey protein concentrate (WPC) 80 manufacturing plant. Traditionally, microbial contaminants of WPC were believed to grow on the membrane surfaces of the ultrafiltration plant as this represents the largest surface area in the plant. Changes from hot to cold ultrafiltration have reduced the growth potential for bacteria on the membrane surfaces. Our recent studies of WPCs have shown the predominant microflora B. licheniformis would not grow in the membrane plant because of the low temperature (10 °C) and must be growing elsewhere. Contamination of dairy products is mostly due to bacteria being released from biofilm in the processing plant rather from the farm itself. Three different reconstituted WPC media at 1%, 5%, and 20% were used for biofilm growth and our results showed that B. licheniformis formed the best biofilm at 1% (low solids). Further investigations were done using 3 different media; tryptic soy broth, 1% reconstituted WPC80, and 1% reconstituted WPC80 enriched with lactose and minerals to examine biofilm growth of B. licheniformis on stainless steel. Thirty-three B. licheniformis isolates varied in their ability to form biofilm on stainless steel with stronger biofilm in the presence of minerals. The source of biofilms of thermo-resistant bacteria such as B. licheniformis is believed to be before the ultrafiltration zone represented by the 1% WPC with lactose and minerals where the whey protein concentration is about 0.6%.
Fulltext Development of pseudo-subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to hypoxic-ischemic injury due to bleeding pulmonary arterio-venous malformation

Md Noh MSF, Abdul Rashid AM

BMC Neurol, 2018 Sep 28;18(1):157.
PMID: 30266082 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-018-1161-x

BACKGROUND: The computed tomography (CT) finding of a pseudo-subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may lead the treating physician into a diagnostic dilemma. We present a case of a pseudo-SAH in a patient with post-resuscitative encephalopathy, secondary to a newly diagnosed bleeding pulmonary arterio-venous malformation (AVM).
CASE PRESENTATION: A 19-year-old female presented acutely with massive hemoptysis. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) followed, and the patient was subsequently intubated for airway protection with intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Urgent CT angiography of the thorax showed a bleeding pulmonary AVM, with evidence of hemothorax. Non-contrasted cranial CT initially revealed cerebral edema. Day 3 post admission, repeat cranial CT showed worsening cerebral edema, with evidence of pseudo-SAH. Patient passed away the next day.
CONCLUSIONS: Pseudo-SAH, if present, carries a poor prognosis. It should be recognized as a potential CT finding in patients with severe cerebral edema, due to various causes. The diagnosis is vital, to avoid wrongful treatment institution, as well as determination of cause of death.
Intraoperative frozen section sentinel lymph node assessment in breast cancer: A tertiary institution experience

Lai SK, Masir N, Md Pauzi SH

Malays J Pathol, 2018 Aug;40(2):121-128.
PMID: 30173228 MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: Intraoperative frozen section lymph node assessment helps to predict axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. However, the accuracy of this frozen section analysis may vary among institutions. This study describes our institution's experience in intraoperative analysis of sentinel lymph node and aims to determine the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of our assessment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the histopathological material and data from 82 breast cancer patients diagnosed over a period of four years who underwent intraoperative frozen section evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes.
RESULTS: Frozen section analysis detected metastasis in 13 out of 82 cases and definitive pathological examination on the paraffin section confirmed these positive findings. There was no false positive case (specificity of 100%). The true positive cases comprised seven macrometastases, five micrometastases and one isolated tumour cells. Sampling error was noted in two cases in which the malignant cells were only present in the deeper final paraffin sections (false negative rate of 13.3%). The test sensitivity was 86.7% and the accuracy rate was 97.5%. These findings are comparable to other published data.
CONCLUSION: Intraoperative frozen section analysis is a safe and reliable method for assessment of sentinel lymph node. Knowledge on limitation of frozen section analysis with diligent evaluation of frozen section specimen will be beneficial in reducing interpretation error.
Fulltext Massive subdural empyema

Md Noh MSF, Bahari N

Oxf Med Case Reports, 2018 Sep;2018(9):omy065.
PMID: 30159156 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omy065
Conditions- and form-factor of the five threatened fishes from the Jamuna (Brahmaputra River Distributary) River, Northern Bangladesh

Md. Yeamin Hossain, Md. Mosaddequr Rahman, Md. Abu Sayed Jewel, Zoarder Faruque Ahmed, Ferdous Ahamed, Fulanda B, et al.

Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:671-678.

The small indigenous species namely ailiichthys punctata (Day 1871), Botia lohachata (Chaudhuri 1912), Chanda nama (Hamilton 1822), Laubuca laubuca (Hamilton 1822) and Mystus cavasius (Hamilton 1822) comprise an important component of riverine fisheries of Bangladesh. But the natural populations are decreasing fast due to high fishing pressure as well as environmental degradation. Therefore, data and information is needed to avert the alarming decline and initiate conservation measures for these important fishes of the Jamuna River. This study describes the condition- (Fulton’s and Relative weight) and form-factor (a3.0) of the five threatened fishes from the Jamuna River, a distributary of the Brahmaputra River in northern Bangladesh. A total of 919 specimens from five species in five families used for this study were caught by traditional fishing gear during March 2010 through February 2011. For each individual, the total (TL), fork (FL) and standard (SL) length were measured by digital slide calipers while individual body weight (BW) was measured using a digital balance. The Fulton’s condition factor (KF) showed significant variations (p<0.01) among species, with best performance by B. lohachata (1.49±0.20) followed by C. nama (1.41±0.19), M. cavasius (0.79±0.14), L. laubuca (0.78±0.09) and a. punctata (0.71±0.12). The calculated minimum and maximum relative weight (WR) was 53.14 for C. nama and 167.88 for a. punctata, respectively. However, the estimated relative weight (WR) was close to 100 for
all populations (p>0.05) indicating a balanced habitat with food availability relative to the presence of predators. The calculated minimum and maximum form factor (a3.0) was 0.0062 for a. punctata and 0.0158 for B. lohachata, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first reference on KF, WR and a3.0 factors for these threatened species in Bangladesh. The results would be useful for sustainable management and conservation of the limited stocks in the Brahmaputra River ecosystem.
Fulltext Population structure and genetic diversity of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Penang as revealed by mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I

Md Naim D, Kamal NZM, Mahboob S

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2020 Mar;27(3):953-967.
PMID: 32127775 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.021

The population genetics study is crucial as it helps in understanding the epidemiological aspects of dengue and help improving a vector control measures. This research aims to investigate the population genetics structure of two common species of Aedes mosquitoes in Penang; Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus using Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker. Molecular investigations were derived from 440 bp and 418 bp mtDNA COI on 125 and 334 larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus respectively, from 32 locations in Penang. All samples were employed in the BLASTn for species identification. The haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, neutrality test and mismatch distribution analysis were conducted in DnaSP version 5.10.1. AMOVA analysis was conducted in ARLEQUIN version 3.5 and the phylogenetic reconstructions based on maximum likelihood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods were implemented in MEGA X. The relationships among haplotypes were further tested by creating a minimum spanning tree using Network version 4.6.1. All samples were genetically identified and clustered into six distinct species. Among the species, Ae. albopictus was the most abundant (67.2%), followed by Ae. aegypti (25.2%) and the rest were counted for Culex sp. and Toxorhynchites sp. Both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus show low nucleotide diversity (π) and high haplotype diversity (h), while the neutrality test shows a negative value in most of the population for both species. There are a total of 39 and 64 haplotypes recorded for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus respectively. AMOVA analysis revealed that most of the variation occurred within population for both species. Mismatch distribution analysis showed bimodal characteristic of population differentiation for Ae. aegypti but Ae. albopictus showed unimodal characteristics of population differentiation. Genetic distance based on Tamura-Nei parameter showed low genetic divergent within population and high genetic divergent among population for both species. The maximum likelihood tree showed no obvious pattern of population genetic structure for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from Penang and a moderate to high bootstrap values has supported this conclusion. The minimum spanning network for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus showed five and three dominant haplotypes respectively, which indicates a mixture of haplotypes from the regions analysed. This study revealed that there is no population genetic structure exhibited by both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Penang. Mutation has occurred rapidly in both species and this will be challenging in controlling the populations. However, further analysis needed to confirm this statement.
Fulltext Compatibilization Effect of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants on Physicochemical Properties of PBS/Rice Starch Blends: An Initial Study

Shamsuri AA, Md Jamil SNA

Materials (Basel), 2020 Apr 17;13(8).
PMID: 32316400 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081885

Polybutylene succinate (PBS)/rice starch (RS) blends were prepared via the hot-melt extrusion technique through the usage of a twin-screw extruder without and containing ionic liquid-based surfactants (ILbS). Two types of ILbS were used, specifically, 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, [C12mim][OTf] and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [C12mim][NTf2] were mixed into the PBS/RS blends at the different contents (0-8 wt.%). The tensile and flexural results showed that the blends containing ILbS have a high tensile extension and tensile energy compared to the blend without ILbS. The blends containing ILbS also have a high flexural extension compared with the blend without ILbS. The blends containing [C12mim][NTf2] have a significant improvement in the tensile energy (up to 239%) and flexural extension (up to 17%) in comparison with the blends containing [C12mim][OTf]. The FTIR spectra demonstrated that the presence of ILbS in the blends generated the intermolecular interactions (ion-dipole force and hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction) between PBS and RS. The DSC results exhibited that the melting points of the prepared blends are decreased with the addition of ILbS. However, the TGA results showed that the thermal decomposition of the blends containing ILbS are higher than the blend without ILbS. The values of decomposition temperature were 387.4 °C, 381.8 °C, and 378.6 °C of PBS/RS-[C12mim][NTf2], PBS/RS-[C12mim][OTf], and PBS/RS, respectively. In conclusion, the ILbS could significantly improve the physicochemical properties of the PBS/RS blends by acting as a compatibilizer.
Fulltext Fabrication of Si Micropore and Graphene Nanohole Structures by Focused Ion Beam

Md Ibrahim NNN, Hashim AM

Sensors (Basel), 2020 Mar 12;20(6).
PMID: 32178225 DOI: 10.3390/s20061572

A biosensor formed by a combination of silicon (Si) micropore and graphene nanohole technology is expected to act as a promising device structure to interrogate single molecule biopolymers, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This paper reports a novel technique of using a focused ion beam (FIB) as a tool for direct fabrication of both conical-shaped micropore in Si3N4/Si and a nanohole in graphene to act as a fluidic channel and sensing membrane, respectively. The thinning of thick Si substrate down to 50 µm has been performed prior to a multi-step milling of the conical-shaped micropore with final pore size of 3 µm. A transfer of graphene onto the fabricated conical-shaped micropore with little or no defect was successfully achieved using a newly developed all-dry transfer method. A circular shape graphene nanohole with diameter of about 30 nm was successfully obtained at beam exposure time of 0.1 s. This study opens a breakthrough in fabricating an integrated graphene nanohole and conical-shaped Si micropore structure for biosensor applications.
Design and development of a wheelchair seating pressure relief reminder system for pressure ulcer prevention among paraplegics

Md Nadzri N, Hamzaid NA, Chung TY

J Med Eng Technol, 2021 Oct;45(7):574-581.
PMID: 34184592 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2021.1936238

Individuals with paraplegia spend their time on the wheelchair for life. Adapting to prolonged wheelchair seating for almost all activities of daily living is challenging. The loss of abilities to sense any pain or excessive seating pressure cause them to remain seated on the wheelchair without any pressure relief activities. This situation leads to secondary complications including pressure ulcer which further degrades the individual's health. To overcome this, a wheelchair seating pressure relief training system (WSETs) was developed. Optimal placement of the force sensitive resistors (FSR) as seating pressure sensors on the cushion were determined, and their responses were investigated with 5 paraplegics. Two different FSR orientations, A and B, were compared. Each paraplegic sat in resting position and then performed pressure relief activities (PRA) which included whole body push-up, left and right lean and forward lean, before returning to resting position. Orientation B, with more forward positioned FSRs, showed higher sensitivity, implying better capture of high-risk area of pressure ulcer development. The FSR sensor readings were significantly different among pressure relief activities in all subjects (p
Fulltext Assessing the efficiency of Malaysia health system in COVID-19 prevention and treatment response

Md Hamzah N, Yu MM, See KF

Health Care Manag Sci, 2021 Jun;24(2):273-285.
PMID: 33651316 DOI: 10.1007/s10729-020-09539-9

Malaysia was faced with a life-threatening crisis in combating COVID-19 with a number of positive cases reaching 5305 and 88 deaths by 18th April 2020 (the first detected case was on 25th January 2020). The government rapidly initiated a public health response and provided adequate medical care to manage the public health crisis during the implementation of movement restrictions, starting 18th March 2020, throughout the country. The objective of this study was to investigate the relative efficiency level of managing COVID-19 in Malaysia using network data envelopment analysis. Malaysia state-level data were extracted from secondary data sources which include variables such as total number of confirmed cases, death cases and recovered cases. These variables were used as inputs and outputs in a network process that consists of 3 sub processes i) community surveillance, ii) medical care I and iii) medical care II. A state-level analysis was performed according to low, medium and high population density categories. The efficiency level of community surveillance was highest compared to medical care processes, indicating that the overall inefficiency is greatly influenced by the inefficiency of the medical care processes rather than the community surveillance process. Results showed that high-density category performed well in both community surveillance and medical care II processes. Meanwhile, low-density category performed better in medical care I process. There was a good overall performance of the health system in Malaysia reflecting a strong preparedness and response level to this pandemic. Furthermore, resource allocation for rapid response was distributed effectively during this challenging period.
Nanoneurotherapeutics approach intended for direct nose to brain delivery

Md S, Mustafa G, Baboota S, Ali J

Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2015;41(12):1922-34.
PMID: 26057769 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1052081

Brain disorders remain the world's leading cause of disability, and account for more hospitalizations and prolonged care than almost all other diseases combined. The majority of drugs, proteins and peptides do not readily permeate into brain due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thus impeding treatment of these conditions.
Fulltext Diseases among Orang Asli community in Malaysia: a systematic review

Mahmud MH, Baharudin UM, Md Isa Z

BMC Public Health, 2022 Nov 16;22(1):2090.
PMID: 36384509 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14449-2

Orang Asli, the indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia, is a minority population and placed behind in terms of socioeconomy, education and health. The Malaysian government has supported Orang Asli since the second Malaysia Plan in the 1970s, resulting in changes in their living standard, access to health, education and occupation. Hence, this review aims to assess the recent prevalence of diseases among Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) review protocol guided this systematic review. The research question was formulated based on Population, Interest, Comparison and Outcome (PICO). The selected databases include Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid and EBSCOhost. The process of identification, screening and inclusion identified 33 articles. The mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) was then used to rank the quality of the articles. Selangor is the most frequent state involved in this review (12 studies), followed by Perak (10 studies), Pahang (10 studies) and Kedah (one study). We categorised into four categories of diseases, namely neglected tropical disease (n = 20), non-communicable disease (n = 6), nutritional status (n = 5), and hepatic disease (n = 2). The prevalence of diseases among Orang Asli is higher than in the general population, especially for soil-transmitted helminth (STH) and malnutrition. There is increasing research on non-communicable diseases due to an increasing trend in the socioeconomic status and lifestyle of the Orang Asli. Government agencies and private organisations must work together to empower Orang Asli with a healthy lifestyle, improve their socioeconomic status, and enhance food security, all of which will improve Orang Asli's health and reduce the prevalence of diseases.
Fulltext Beaver in the liver

Md Noh MSF, Muhammad SJSS

Pan Afr Med J, 2017 Jun 23;27:138.
PMID: 28904667 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.27.138.12227
The disappearing basal ganglia sign

Md Noh MSF, Abdul Rashid AM

QJM, 2018 May 01;111(5):343.
PMID: 29228291 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcx240
Perceived Risk of Developing Cancer in a Suburban Community in Malaysia

Pasi H, Md Isa Z, Azhar Shah S

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2018 Feb 26;19(2):395-400.
PMID: 29479988

Objective: To determine the perceived risk of developing cancer in a suburban community in Malaysia. Methods:
A cross sectional study using a simple random sampling was conducted among residents aged 18 years old and above
(n=520) who had never been diagnosed with cancer, in selected households in a suburban area of Pahang state in
Malaysia. The study instruments were a validated questionnaire on risk perception, an automatic blood pressure monitor,
a weighing scale and a measuring tape. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0 and
the p value was taken at p <0.05 as significant. Result: This study revealed that only 5.0 percent individuals perceived
they were at risk cancer, whilst the perceived severity was 41.3 percent. Multivariable analysis showed a significant
association only for a family history of cancer (adjusted OR of 4.80; 95% CI = 1.45-15.82) (p=0.010) among this
population. Conclusion: The perceived risk of developing cancer in the selected suburban community of Pahang state in
Malaysia is low as compared to that for other non-communicable diseases in this country, whilst the perceived severity
was higher than for other diseases. Thus, considering the importance of correct perceptions for behavioral changes,
more health education and promotion is needed to make the community better aware of the actual threat of cancer.

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