Two members of a troop of wild Macaca irus in Malaysia have been tentatively identified as hybrids of M. irus and M. nemestrina. Mechanisms prohibiting such hybridization in the natural habitat may have broken down under heavy predation pressure which finally resulted in the local extermination of M. nemestrinia.
Cancers of the ovary and corpus uteri afflict 5% and 3.6% Malaysian women respectively. Ovarian cancer (OC) remained the deadliest gynaecological malignancy in perimenopausal women mainly due to the lack of symptoms until the disease had spread. Ultrasonography could provide a preliminary screening allowing the clinician to tailor subsequent management and counselling for these women. To support the basis for selective screening, a study on 517 urban disease free women aged 45 years and above, uterus-intact, non-users of HRT was undertaken. This study presented normograms of ovary, uterus and endometrium derived from entry ultrasound assessment. The sample comprised of 58.0% premenopaused and 42.0% postmenopaused women with an average age of 51.27±5.35 years old. Over two thirds were Chinese followed by Malays and Indians. The findings indicated that the average uterine size and endometrial thickness (ET) was 7.21±1.67x4.36±1.30cm and 6.36±3.73mm respectively. Premenopausal women had larger uterus compared to those postmenopaused (p
Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) systems with partial band interference require appropriate compounding of spread spectrum modulation, error correcting code, diversity and decoding method to receive improved transmission signal. In this paper, a fast FHSS system with regular low-density parity-check codes was employed to cater some anti-jamming competence by using good waterfall and error floor performance. The performance evalution of the previously mentioned system was conducted in the presence of partial band noise jamming. The best possible design of the system was achieved with the combination of diversity level L=2 with a probability rate of at 0.7 dB which showed the robustness of the system.
Breast cancer is one of the most important diseases among females. According to the Malaysian Oncological Society (Wahid, 2007), about 4% of women who are 40 years old and above are suffering from breast cancer. Masses and microcalcifications are two important signs for breast cancer diagnosis on mammography. In this research, the effects of different image processing techniques which include enhancement, restoration, segmentation, and hybrid methods on phantom images were studied. Three different phantom images, which were obtained at 25kv (63.2 MAS), 28kv (29.8 MAS) and 35kv (9.5 MAS), were manipulated using image processing methods. The images were scored by two expert radiologists and the results were compared to explore any significant improvements. Meanwhile, the Wilcoxen Rank test was used to compare the quality of the manipulated images with the original one (alpha=0.05). Each image processing method was found to be effective on some particular criteria for image quality. Some methods were effective on just one criterion while some others were effective on a few criteria. The statistical test showed that there was an average improvement of 41 percent when the images were manipulated using the histogram modification methods. It could be concluded that different image processing methods have different effects on phantom images which generally improve radiologists’ visualization. The results confirm that the histogram stretching and histogram equation methods lead to higher improvement in image quality as compared to the original image (p < 0.05).
Mothers play important roles in their children's oral health. The aim of this study is to
determine the relationship between mothers’ sociodemographic backgrounds and their oral health
knowledge, attitude and practice of their preschool children. (Copied from article).
Introduction: Transposition is a rare dental anomaly in positional interchange between two adjacent teeth. Studies indicated that tooth transpositions are more frequent unilateral than bilateral (12:1). It is a very rare phenomenon when the anomaly is bilateral and affects same teeth on both sides. The case of a 17 year old girl, with class I incisor relationship on class 1 skeletal base with bilateral transposition of maxillary canines-first premolars, severe crowding and posterior crossbite, is presented. This case report demonstrates the orthodontic management of bilateral transposition of maxillary canines-first premolars and by the end of treatment, the transpositions were maintained while achieving a good functional and aesthetic result.
KEYWORDS: transposition, maxillary canine, malocclusion
Phyllodes tumour is a rare entity, affecting mainly middle aged women. It consists of a spectrum of disease
from benign tumour to highly aggressive malignant form. We present a case of massive ruptured malignant
Phyllodes tumour, and its subsequent management.