Displaying publications 341 - 360 of 1410 in total

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  1. Children abused while in the care of child-minders: the Malaysian scene
    Marret, M.J., Aili, H., Koh, M.T.
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2000;12(1):42-47.
    MyJurnal
    This paper looks at some of the problems encountered when cases of abuse and injuries occur in children placed in child care in an urban community in Malaysia. It is based on the study of 37 children referred to our hospital's Child Protection Services over the past four years for injuries and incidents where the child-minders came under suspicion. They constituted 12% of the 285 children referred to the Child Protection Team during that period for evaluation of suspected child abuse. Twenty six children had experienced physical trauma. Fifty eight percent of these were young infants with cranial injuries or limb fractures but no history to explain their occurrence. Four had superficial injuries from accidents secondary to inadequate supervision. The other 11 children had been sexually abused. The perpetrators in 73% of cases were either the husbands or sons of the child-minder. Ninety five percent of the incidents occured at home-based nurseries. Prospects of any punitive measures were remote in most instances due to uncertainty about the perpetrator, or insufficient corroborative evidence required in sexual abuse cases. There were three documented cases where the family refused to lodge a police report or co-operate with investigations out of a reluctance to implicate or offend the child-minders who were mainly neighbours, relatives or friends in 58% of cases. Ninety seven percent of the facilities were unregistered, making surveillance for recurrent incidents and adherence to safety standards difficult. These incidents were almost certainly an underestimate of the problem. Training of child-care providers, improved legislation and enforcement as well as education of parents to choose suitable facilities are issues which need to be tackled.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Offenses
  2. A 2-year prospective study on childhood acute bacterial meningitis in Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital, Kuantan, Pahang
    Wahab, J.A., Fadzil, A.A., Zainab, K., Affendi, A.M., Naznin, M.
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2000;12(1):48-54.
    MyJurnal
    During a 24-month period, 21 children with acute bacterial meningitis were identified and studied. The majority of the children was from low socio-economic group and the male:female sex ratio was equal. Seventeen children (81%) were aged twelve months or below. In 15 (71.5%) of the children. Haemophilus influenzae type b was recovered, while Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from 4 children. Neisseria spp and Salmonella spp were identified respectively in each of the other two cases. The case fatality was four (19.0%) with nine others (42%) exhibiting neurological sequelae. Except for the Salmonella spp strain that was resistant to the cephalosporin, the rest of the bacterial species were sensitive to the commonly used antibiotics. As Haemophilus influenzae type b is still the most prevalent cause of acute bacterial meningitis, it is therefore strongly recommended that the national immunisation programme in this country should include the vaccine for it in our effort to minimise the mortality and morbidity caused by this organism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Ratio
  3. Fulltext A biomechanical study of grip and pinch strength among Malaysian elderly population
    Zahari Taha, Ruhaizin Sulaiman
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2011;19(2):293-305.
    MyJurnal
    The physical strength of the elderly aged above 60 years is typically 10 to 30% less than the young adult population of ages between 25 to 35 years. This reduction of strength has a strong impact on the activity of the daily living (ADL) of the elderly population. There has been little research done studying on the physical strength of the elderly population in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine the static strength of the elderly population in Malaysia. In particular, the grip and pinch strength were investigated as these two static strengths are extensively used in their instrumental activity of daily living (IADL). The results were then compared to the strength of the university students. A total of 30 subjects (15 males and 15 females) participated in the study. Their age ranged between 60 to 83 years, with the mean of age of 67.1 years. The comparison group comprised a total of 30 university students (20 male, 10 female) aged between 23 to 24 years, with the mean of age of 23.2 years. Grip and pinch strengths of both groups were measured and analysed using a descriptive statistics. It was found that the elderly male subjects are stronger in both strength measurements than their female counterpart. The 95th percentile of the female grip strength was slightly lower than that of the male while the male pinch strength was 31.07% higher. It was also found that the male students had higher strengths compared to the females. The grip strength of the elderly was 30.66% lower than the university student, while their pinch strength was 13.42% lower. Both static strengths of the elderly were found to be lower than those of the university students. This supported the research hypotheses postulating that the static strength had a negative correlation with age. In terms of gender differences, the male subjects were found to be stronger than the females.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
  4. Serum complement (C3 and C4) levels in the Malaysian adult population
    Yap SF, Pang T
    Asian J Infect Dis, 1979 Jun;3(2):85-7.
    PMID: 120736
    Serum C3 and C4 values were determined in 236 normal adults of three racial groups, using the single radial immunodiffusion techniques. The C3 levels varied from 47 to 119 mg/dl and C4 levels from 16 to 66 ml/dl (mean +/- 2SD). The values were found to be comparable to the normals reported in some Western series. No significant differences in the levels related to sex and race were found.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  5. The cardio-oesophageal angle--a quantitative radiological assessment
    Singh G, Singh J
    Med J Malaysia, 1978 Sep;33(1):10-2.
    PMID: 750887
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  6. The influence of host stage and sex upon the size and composition of the thelastomatids parasitic in the hindgut of Periplaneta americana L. and Neostylopyga rhombifolia (Stoll)
    Anuar AK, Rodzoh S
    Med J Malaysia, 1978 Sep;33(1):76-85.
    PMID: 750901
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  7. Sexual norms: its behaviour
    Teoh JI
    Med J Malaysia, 1974 Mar;28(3):135-42.
    PMID: 4278269
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  8. Editorial: Cuddling: the influences of culture and sex
    Hussey HH
    JAMA, 1976 Jan 26;235(4):417.
    PMID: 946090
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  9. The vital capacity of 137 Malaysians 15 to 37 years old
    Chan KY, Raman A
    Med J Malaya, 1968 Dec;23(2):86-91.
    PMID: 4240826
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  10. Psychological reactions in disease and their management
    Ngui PW
    Nurs J Singapore, 1978 Nov;18(2):124-6.
    PMID: 253240
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  11. Village midwives in Malaysia
    Peng JY, Laily N, Bakar A, Bin Marzuki A
    Stud Fam Plann, 1972 Feb;3(2):25-8.
    PMID: 4656053 DOI: 10.2307/1965087
    PIP: 292 village midwives (bidans) in Malaysia were interviewed between January 1969 and December 1970 as they came to report for training. The mean age was 47.3, 80% had had no schooling, 43% had practiced less than 10 years (32% between 10 and 20 years, 21% between 20 and 30 years, and 4% more than 30 years). On the average each bidan reported attending 3 deliveries during the past month and 26 during the past year. The average charge per delivery was about U.S.$2.00. Of 267 who responded to a question concerning other services they provided, 50% said they performed massages, 30% performed massages combined with other services, 12% said they did not do anything other than midwifery and 7% prescribed herbs and performed abortions. 67% said they first had contact with the mother during the seventh to ninth month of pregnancy, 42% between the fourth and sixth month, and 7% at or before the third month. 40% said the postpartum care lasted less than 1 week, 40% from 1-2 weeks and 19% between 2-7 weeks. Only 2 out of 198 bidans disapproved of family planning services. 99% were not worried that this would affect their job in conducting deliveries. 62% had been approached by women about family planning information services during the last 3 months. 95% thought they could help to promote the government's program by recruiting patients and distributing contraceptives. Since oral contraceptives are the most frequently used contraceptive in Malaysia, bidans could resupply the women with the pill. They could play an important role in promoting contraceptive continuation in rural areas by providing women with a continuous motivation through their constant contact. The success of using bidans in rural family planning services will greatly depend on their supervision. They can be paid with a flat salary-type payment, with an incentive scheme alone, or a combination of the two.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Education
  12. Malignant tumours in west Malaysia
    Kutty MK, Balasegaram M
    J R Coll Surg Edinb, 1972 Mar;17(2):102-7.
    PMID: 5021743
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  13. A novel molecular and chromosomal lineage of the anthropophilic Simulium (Simulium) rufibasis subgroup (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Taiwan
    Low VL, Takaoka H, Adler PH, Tan TK, Weng FC, Chen CY, et al.
    Parasitol Res, 2018 Oct;117(10):3137-3143.
    PMID: 30006809 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6011-7
    The Simulium rufibasis subgroup is one of three subgroups of the Simulium (Simulium) tuberosum species-group; it is characterized by a pair of clustered stout hairs on the ventral surface of female abdominal segment 7. A member of the S. rufibasis subgroup in Taiwan was investigated morphologically and genetically using the universal cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding gene and polytene chromosomal banding pattern. The Taiwanese material is morphologically similar to S. rosliramlii Takaoka & Chen from Vietnam and represents the second species of the S. rufibasis subgroup known from Taiwan. It also represents a novel molecular lineage that is distinct from three other primary lineages identified as S. doipuiense, S. doipuiense/S. rufibasis, and S. weji previously reported from Thailand. The mitochondrial evidence for a distinct lineage in Taiwan is supported by chromosomal analysis, which revealed unique sex chromosomes. For nomenclatural stability, we associate the name S. arisanum Shiraki with the Taiwanese entity. Originally described from females from Taiwan, S. arisanum until now has remained an enigmatic species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Chromosomes
  14. Fulltext Associations between socio-demographic characteristics and pubertal status with disordered eating among primary school children in Selangor, Malaysia
    Chong LS, Chin YS, Gan WY, Nasir MT
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2017 Mar;26(2):326-333.
    PMID: 28244713 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.012016.10
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the associations between socio-demographic characteristics and pubertal status with disordered eating among primary school children.

    METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Using a stratified multi-stage sampling, a total of 816 children (282 boys and 534 girls) aged 10 to 11 years from 12 selected primary schools in the state of Selangor, participated in this study. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, pubertal status and disordered eating behaviors. The Pubertal Development Scale and the Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT) were used to assess pubertal status and disordered eating, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors of disordered eating.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of disordered eating was 30.8% (32.8% in boys and 29.7% in girls). However, the sex difference in the prevalence was not statistically significant. Age, ethnicity and pubertal status were significantly associated with disordered eating in univariate logistic regression analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that among boys, being either in an advanced or post-pubertal stage (adjusted OR=8.64) and older age group (adjusted OR=2.03) were risk factors of disordered eating. However, among girls, being a Malay (adjusted OR=3.79) or Indian (adjusted OR=5.04) in an advanced or post-pubertal stage (adjusted OR=2.34) and older age group (adjusted OR=1.53) were risk factors of disordered eating.

    CONCLUSION: This study found one in three children had disordered eating. Since ethnicity and pubertal status were identified as risk factors, ethnicity-specific intervention programs on the prevention of disordered eating among children should take into consideration their pubertal status.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
  15. The study of the circannual relationship between the activity of the epiphysis and gonads in rats of different sex and age
    Kononenko N, Hnatiuk V
    Malays J Pathol, 2017 Apr;39(1):39-45.
    PMID: 28413204
    BACKGROUND: The relationship between the activity of the epiphysis and gonads in rats of different sex and age in different seasons of the year was determined by studying the levels of melatonin and testosterone in the blood plasma. Determination of the levels of melatonin and testosterone in the serum of rats was carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To assess the relationship between the levels of melatonin and testosterone the correlation coefficient was calculated. Based on the study of the levels of melatonin and testosterone in serum the circannual relationship between the activity of the pineal gland and gonads in males of reproductive age has been determined. In females, the relationship between the levels of melatonin and testosterone without the circannual dependence has been determined. The strongest correlation between melatonin and testosterone is present in males at the age of 9 months in autumn, and it corresponds to the human age of 29-30 years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  16. Fulltext Relationship between self-concept, family relationship and externalizing behavior among adolescents in Selangor
    Patonah Zakaria, Amna Md. Noor, Azlina Mohd Khir
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(3):6-16.
    MyJurnal
    The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between self-concept, family
    relationship quality and externalizing behavior problem (aggressive behavior and delinquency
    behavior) among adolescents in Selangor. Besides that, this study also to determine the level of selfconcept,
    family relationship quality and externalizing behavior among secondary school students as
    well as to compare the differences between these three variables according to sex. A total of 400
    students (nmale =53%, nfemale=47%) from secondary schools were selected in this study. The multi-stage
    cluster sampling technique was used during sample selection. Data were obtained from selfadministered
    questionnaire that are consist of Individual Protective Factors Index Questionnaire
    (1992), Family Relationship Characteristics (1997), Aggression Scale (2001) and Problem Behavior
    Frequency Scale (1977). The findings revealed that majority of students have moderate level of selfconcept,
    family relationship quality as well as externalizing behavior. In terms of sex differences, the
    results showed that family belief, family structure and externalizing behavior have significant
    differences according to sex (t= -4.393 to 7.588, p
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
  17. Patterns of the superficial veins of the cubital fossa: A meta-analysis
    Yammine K, Erić M
    Phlebology, 2017 Jul;32(6):403-414.
    PMID: 27343223 DOI: 10.1177/0268355516655670
    Background The aim of this systematic review is to quantitatively synthesize evidence on the prevalence of superficial vein patterns in the cubital region. Method A systematic literature search was conducted through a number of electronic databases. We identified 27 studies, including 9924 arms, which met the inclusion criteria. Results Meta-analysis showed that "N" shaped arrangement type was the commonest pattern (≈44-60%) followed by "M" shaped arrangement (≈20-25%). The prevalence of "M" type and "M"-like type was significantly higher in males, whereas females showed a significant predominance of "I" or "O" type. No significant differences in various pattern types were found for laterality. The frequency of "M" type is significantly lesser in Indian and Japanese populations, but they have significantly higher frequency of "N" type. In Malay population, "I" or "O" type was significantly higher, while the brachial CV was poorly developed or missing significantly in Indian population. Conclusion This evidence-based clinical anatomy review contributes to our anatomical knowledge regarding the true prevalence of pattern types of the superficial veins in cubital region in humans and, subsequently, might help in performing safer venous access and more direct approaches to these veins, especially under emergency conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  18. Fulltext Gender difference in understanding ageing and retirement
    Nik Osman, N.N.A., Awang, H.
    JUMMEC, 2019;22(1):27-32.
    MyJurnal
    The age-old wisdom is that “women live longer than men”. Gender difference in life expectancy is becoming a
    worldwide phenomenon both in developed and developing countries. The process of ageing may be viewed
    from the perspectives of physical, psychological, and social-economic wellbeing. We investigated gender
    difference in understanding ageing in relation to life expectancy, fears relating to diseases and deteriorating
    economic status, and perceived old age comfort and their preparedness. Data were obtained from an online
    survey and in-person interview of 518 respondents aged 40 years and older residing in Malaysia, which was
    based on a convenience sample collected from May 2015 to January 2016. Data were analysed using chisquared
    tests and multinomial logistic regression. There were varying views between men and women when
    it came to understanding ageing in relation to life expectancy, fears of ageing, deteriorating economic status
    and their perception of old age comfort. Women were more optimistic about living longer compared to men
    but feared more the consequences of old age diseases. In spite of displaying less concern about financial
    preparedness, women were, however, willing to cut down expenses, while men would prefer longer working
    hours to ensure a comfortable retirement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  19. Fulltext A pilot study on psychiatric symptomatology amongst urban Form 4 students in Ipoh, Perak
    Chan SC, Mahmud M
    Family Physician, 2003;12(2&3):19-24.
    Objectives: The objectives of this study were to screen for psychiatric symptomatology in Form 4 students in Ipoh, Perak and to determine demographic characteristics, contributing factors and the key person consulted for psychiatric / emotional problems. Methods: Between December 1997 and March 1998, 84 Form 4 students selected by random sampling from 2 Ipoh schools (one co-educational - S1 and one all boys - S2) were screened using the 30-item Malay version General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) and a demographic questionnaire. S1 students were interviewed by a psychiatrist (second author) to assess for anxiety / depression / somatization using DSM IIIR criteria. Results: Eighty three students (98.8%) completed their questionnaires. Twenty four students (28.9%) had high GHQ scores (8 and above). There was no significant association found between GHQ scores and gender, race, parental occupation and marital status / situation, number of siblings, frequency of illness and Penialian Menengah Rendah (PMR) results. A significant association was found between the GHQ scores and the students' birth order and perceived performance in the past 6 months as compared to PMR. Fifty percent consulted their friends for emotional problems, 29.2% their parents, 4.9% their siblings. None consulted their teacher / school counselor. Conclusion: Further studies are recommended to look into the prevalence of psychiatric symptomatology amongst our Malaysian secondary school students and into the possible use of the Malay version GHQ-30 as a screening tool in this age group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
  20. Fulltext Sex estimation using subpubic angle from reconstructed three-dimensional computed tomography pelvic model in a contemporary Malaysian population
    Mohd Ali SH, Omar N, Shafie MS, Nik Ismail NA, Hadi H, Nor FM
    Anat Cell Biol, 2020 Mar;53(1):27-35.
    PMID: 32274246 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.135
    Research in forensic anthropology is recent in Malaysia due to limited access to documented skeletal collections. However, advanced imaging techniques provide virtual bone samples for use in morphometric studies to establish population-specific standards by virtual anthropology. This study examined sexual dimorphism in the subpubic angle using a three-dimensional computed tomography model of the pelvis, in a contemporary Malaysian population. The sample comprised multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scans of 50 male and 50 female adults. Segmentation of the MDCT scans was performed using 3D Slicer, and four landmarks were acquired using Stratovan Checkpoint for the subpubic angle measurement. The technical error of measurement (TEM), relative TEM, and coefficient of reliability (R) exhibited high reliability in measurements. Results showed that the subpubic angle in males was 68.6°±7.6° and in females 87.4°±6.5°. The subpubic angle in females was significantly larger than in males (P<0.001). Inverse correlation was found between the subpubic angle and age, in both males (r=-0.449, P<0.01) and females (r=-0.385, P<0.01). The overall accuracy of sex estimation using the subpubic angle was 94% (P<0.001). The subpubic angle, with a demarcating point of 78.6°, showed a sensitivity and specificity of 94% in the classification of female individuals. In conclusion, sex estimation using the subpu bic angle is highly accurate, with a high degree of expected sensitivity and specificity in the Malaysian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
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